Yuav cawm tau koj tus menyuam li cas los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv niaj hnub no

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Yog tias muaj ntau yam uas tsis haum koj hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv niaj hnub no, muaj ib txoj hauv kev tawm - kev kawm hauv tsev neeg. Lub neej hacker nkag siab txog kev cai lij choj ntawm kev kawm hauv tsev thiab muab cov kws tshaj lij kev xav txog nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.

Tsev neeg txoj kev kawm tau nthuav dav hauv 45 lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb thiab tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam txhua xyoo. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, 2.5 lab tus menyuam yaus tau kawm hauv tsev thiab lawv cov lej tau nce los ntawm 5-12% txhua xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, tsev neeg kev kawm ntawv yog tus qauv mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Kev loj hlob thiab kev kawm ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv cov tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab cov tub lag luam tau ua los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov thawj coj (feem ntau txawv teb chaws).

Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, kev kawm tau poob rau hauv kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm lub xeev. Tsuas yog cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev xiam oob khab tau tso cai kawm hauv tsev.

Nyob rau xyoo 1990, tsev neeg kev kawm tau rov tshwm sim hauv txoj cai lij choj. Tab sis nws tsuas yog tam sim no ua tiag tiag hauv kev thov hauv Russia.

Raws li phau ntawv xov xwm online Family thiab Demographic Research, ntau tshaj 100,000 tsev neeg txhua xyoo muab kev nyiam rau kev kawm sab nraum lub koom haum. Ntau tshaj 1.5 lab tus tib neeg twb tau txais kev kawm hauv tsev neeg.

Tsev neeg kev kawm yog dab tsi

Hauv lub vev xaib, daim ntawv qhia kev kawm sab nraud yog hu ua txawv: kev kawm tsev neeg, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kawm ntawv. Cov ntsiab lus no tsis yog ib txwm txhais tau tib yam. Yog li cia peb ua ntej txhais cov terminology.

Raws li tsab xov xwm 17 ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai ntawm Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 29, 2012 No. 273 "Rau Kev Kawm hauv Lavxias Federation", muaj ob hom kev kawm hauv tebchaws Russia:

• nyob rau hauv cov koom haum koom nrog hauv kev kawm txuj ci (full-time, ib nrab hnub lossis ib nrab hnub kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem thiab ntiav, lyceums, gymnasiums);
• sab nraum cov koom haum zoo li no.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kawg, ob hom kev kawm yog qhov txawv: kev kawm hauv tsev neeg thiab kev kawm tus kheej (rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog tshaj 15 xyoos).

Tsev neeg kev kawm yog kawm sab nraum tsev kawm ntawv. Cov niam txiv ntawm nws tus kheej npaj cov txheej txheem kev kawm, thiab cov menyuam yaus paub cov ntaub ntawv kawm.

Raws li txoj cai, nws yog qhov tseeb hais tias "tsev neeg kev kawm". Tab sis lo lus "homeschooling" (los ntawm lus Askiv homeschooling) tuaj rau peb thiab muab cov hauv paus los ntawm cov chaw hais lus Askiv. Lub ntsiab lus yog tib yam, yog li ntxiv hauv kab lus cov ntsiab lus "tsev neeg / tsev kawm ntawv" thiab "tsev neeg kev kawm" yuav siv sib hloov.

Yam kev kawm hauv tsev neeg yuav tsum tsis txhob totaub nrog yog kev kawm hauv tsev, kev kawm sab nraud thiab kev tsis mus kawm ntawv. Cov menyuam uas xiam oob khab kawm hauv tsev, thaum de jure lawv raug xa mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws tsuas yog hais tias cov kws qhia ntawv tuaj hauv tsev lossis qhia cov lus qhia ntawm Skype (hauv chaw ua haujlwm no hu ua "nrog kev koom tes ntawm kev kawm nyob deb").

Ib qho externship yog ib daim ntawv pov thawj rau cov uas kawm sab nraud ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab kev kawm tsis tau ntawv (los ntawm Askiv unschooling) tsuas yog kev kawm tsis txwv rau tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm yam tsis muaj ntawv pov thawj nruab nrab.

- Hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv ib txwm muaj, cov kws qhia ntawv siv sijhawm me ntsis rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Yog tias tus menyuam nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv sai dua, tsis muaj leej twg yuav tso cai rau nws sawv thiab tawm lossis nyeem ib phau ntawv tom qab ntawm chav kawm. Nws raug yuam kom rov hais dua qhov nws twb paub lawm, vim hais tias hauv chav kawm ib tug neeg tsis to taub cov khoom. Nws txoj kev txhawb siab poob, thiab nws maj mam ua "nruab nrab" thiaj li tsis tuaj yeem sawv tawm.

Qhov xwm txheej tsis sib xws: chav kawm ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv kawm, thiab tus menyuam tsis muaj sijhawm los sau rau tus kws qhia ntawv hauv zaj lus qhia, nkag siab cov ntsiab lus qeeb dua, nug dua. Ntau thiab ntau qhov sib txawv tshwm sim hauv cov ntsiab lus.

Mikhail Lazarev Founder thiab ideologist ntawm "Internet Lesson" project.

- Kev kawm yog qhov zoo yog tias muaj 4-5 tus menyuam kawm ntawv hauv ib chav kawm thiab muaj cov xibfwb qhia ntawv zoo hauv txhua yam kev kawm, yog tias muaj sijhawm los kawm ntawm koj tus kheej, nug cov lus nug. Tab sis txhawm rau muab ib qho chaw hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv no rau txhua tus menyuam yaus, lub tebchaws yuav xav tau 3.5 lab tus kws qhia ntawv hauv txhua qhov kev kawm. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, ua tsis tau.

Vim li cas cov niam txiv xaiv tsev neeg txoj kev kawm

Raws li tsab xov xwm 43 ntawm tsab cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, kev kawm dav dav hauv peb lub tebchaws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

Cov niam txiv yuav tsum xyuas kom lawv cov menyuam tau txais kev kawm dav dav. Tshooj 63 ntawm Tsev Neeg Txoj Cai ntawm Lavxias Federation

Ib yam yog hais nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm 44 ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai "Rau Kev Kawm".

Cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau muab kev kawm, nrog rau "tsim lub hauv paus ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev, kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm tus menyuam". Tsis yog lub xeev, tsis yog lub tsev kawm ntawv - cov niam txiv. Yog li ntawd, raws li txoj cai, lawv muaj cai xaiv cov qauv kev kawm thiab daim ntawv ntawm kev cob qhia.

Kev kawm rau tsev neeg feem ntau yog xaiv rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no.

1. Kev tsis lees paub lub xeev txoj kev kawm. Ntau tus niam txiv tau ntseeg tias qhov kev kawm dav dav tsis muab kev paub tiag tiag rau menyuam yaus, ua rau lawv poob siab thiab ua rau muaj tswv yim. Lawv ntseeg hais tias lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab kev noj nyiaj txiag, thiab lawv coj cov menyuam los ntawm qhov ntawd vim yog kev quab yuam thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog tus thawj coj, tus thawj xibfwb lossis tus kws qhia ntawv.
2. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus me nyuam. Qee cov menyuam yaus tsuas yog tsis sib haum nrog tsev kawm ntawv. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem zaum ntawm tswb mus rau tswb hauv chav kawm. Lawv ua hauj lwm sai heev los yog, conversely, qeeb heev. Lawv dhuav nrog cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm. Kev kawm hauv tsev neeg tso cai rau koj hloov kho koj cov ntaub ntawv kawm thiab xyaum ua kom yooj yim nrog kev ua haujlwm yooj yim.
3. Teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Kev kawm hauv tsev hauv tsev kawm ntawv tsuas yog ua tau yog tias tus menyuam raug lees paub los ntawm kev kho mob thiab kev paub txog kev noj qab haus huv raws li tus neeg tsis taus. Yog tias nws tsuas muaj kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo, nws feem ntau mob thiab tsis tuaj kawm ntawv, kev kawm hauv tsev neeg yog qhov tsim nyog rau nws.
4. Tsev neeg xav tau kev pab. Lub neej txawv rau txhua tus, thiab kev kawm hauv tsev neeg feem ntau tsis yog qhov xav tau, tab sis yog qhov tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, yog tias tsev neeg nyob txawv teb chaws, tab sis npaj yuav rov qab mus rau lawv lub tebchaws, lossis tsuas yog xav kom tus menyuam muaj daim ntawv pov thawj Lavxias, lossis yog tias txiv yog tub rog thiab tsev neeg feem ntau tsiv mus.
5. Kev ua kis las lossis suab paj nruag. Thaum koj siv 5-8 teev nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub lossis tom piano, thaum txhua lub hlis koj mus ncig ua si, tsis muaj sijhawm mus kawm ntawv. Rau cov menyuam yaus uas koom nrog kev ua kis las lossis suab paj nruag, kev kawm hauv tsev neeg tso cai rau lawv tau txais kev paub zoo "ntawm txoj haujlwm."
6. Kev cai dab qhuas saib. Lub tsev kawm ntawv yog ib lub koom haum secular, nrog rau tag nrho cov kev tshwm sim. Cov niam txiv kev cai dab qhuas muaj kev nyiam rau tsev neeg kev kawm.

Natalya Ivanchenko leej niam ntawm ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv tsev neeg kev kawm ntawv, sociologist, psychologist, yav tas los xib fwb keeb kwm.

- Alexander tau kawm tsev neeg rau xyoo ob, txij qib 5. Thaum nws kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv theem pib, nws pom tseeb tias kev paub hauv tsev kawm ntawv tsis txaus, thiab siv sijhawm ntau heev. Cov kev kawm thiab kev ua homework ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev ua si chess, golf thiab lwm yam haujlwm uas koj nyiam. Tom qab ntawd peb txiav txim siab hloov mus rau tsev kawm ntawv.

Los ntawm qib 5, Alexander kawm cov tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev nrog kev pab los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv online thiab cov kws qhia hauv tsev, thiab hnub Saturday nws tau mus kawm ntawv Askiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tseem tshuav sijhawm mus koom ntau yam kev loj hlob.

Nyob rau qib 6, qhov xwm txheej hloov pauv: Alexander nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm theem nrab hauv Scotland, thiab peb tau tawm hauv tebchaws Russia mus ib ntus. Tab sis cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv tsev tso cai rau peb kawm hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias nyob rau tib lub sijhawm thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo ob qho tib si nyob deb thiab ncaj qha hauv tsev kawm lus Askiv.

Thaum Alexander muaj 16 xyoo, peb yuav rov sib tham txog nws lub hom phiaj nrog nws thiab txiav txim siab qhov twg nws yuav npaj rau kev nkag mus kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv - hauv Russia lossis UK.

Yuav hloov mus rau tsev neeg txoj kev kawm li cas

Yog tias ntawm cov laj thawj uas tau teev tseg saum toj no rau kev hloov mus rau tsev neeg kev kawm muaj feem cuam tshuam rau koj tsev neeg thiab koj xav sim daim ntawv kawm no, npaj txhij mus ua cov kauj ruam hauv qab no.

Kauj Ruam 1 - ceeb toom rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm

Basic kev kawm ntawv yog yuav tsum tau. Yog li ntawd, tsoomfwv hauv nroog khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj cai tau txais nws. Qhov yooj yim hais, txhua lub chaw ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam lossis chav saib xyuas kev kawm muaj cov npe menyuam yaus, uas qhia qhov twg thiab lawv kawm li cas.

Feem ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv tau ntsib nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm. Nws qhia tias nws tau cuv npe rau cov tub ntxhais kawm zoo li no, thiab lwm tus tub ntxhais kawm tawm tom qab qib cuaj hauv tsev kawm txuj ci thiab lwm yam.

Thaum xaiv tsev neeg txoj kev kawm, lub luag haujlwm yuav tsum qhia cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam poob rau cov niam txiv (Tshooj 63 ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai "Rau Kev Kawm").

Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum sau ib daim ntawv ceeb toom ib zaug ntawm kev xav xaiv tsev neeg txoj kev kawm uas tau hais rau tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam tsev kawm ntawv hauv zos. Ib qho piv txwv tuaj yeem pom ntawm no. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv daim ntawv thov tus kheej. Sau npe nrog tus tuav ntaub ntawv thiab tau txais ib daim ntawv xa tuaj ntawm koj daim ntawv.

Ib txhij nrog kev ceeb toom ntawm txoj cai kev kawm, cov niam txiv, raws li txoj cai, sau ib daim ntawv thov mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Kauj Ruam 2 - Txuas rau tsev kawm ntawv

Yog tias koj tus menyuam tau mus kawm ntawv thiab nws haum rau koj, tsuas yog sau daim ntawv thov mus rau tus thawj coj txog kev hloov mus rau tsev neeg kev kawm (ib daim ntawv thov tuaj yeem pom ntawm no).

Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem xaus qhov kev pom zoo nrog lub tsev kawm ntawv txog kev txais kev kawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev kawm hauv tsev neeg (cov qauv ntawv). Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tus menyuam yuav nyob hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv no thiab muaj txoj cai kawm ntawv sib npaug nrog lwm tus menyuam kawm ntawv.

Thaum txuas mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv, tus menyuam muaj cai tau txais cov phau ntawv los ntawm nws cov peev nyiaj, siv nws lub tsev qiv ntawv, mus koom cov ntu thiab cov voj voog, koom nrog kev hais kwv txhiaj thiab lwm yam kev tshwm sim hauv tsev kawm.

Tab sis nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog los xaus kev pom zoo nrog lub tsev kawm ntawv: koj tuaj yeem tso npe rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv tsuas yog rau lub sijhawm lees paub. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum sau ib daim ntawv thov xa mus rau tus thawj coj.

Yog tias koj xav hloov lub tsev kawm ntawv, sau ib tsab ntawv ntawm kev tshem tawm thiab ua raws li cov txheej txheem saum toj no ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tshiab.

Yog tias koj tus menyuam tsis tau mus kawm ntawv, nug koj tus kws saib xyuas kev kawm hauv nroog kom paub cov npe tsev kawm ntawv hauv tsev. Raws li txoj cai, nws muaj peev xwm dhau qhov kev lees paub nruab nrab thiab zaum kawg tsis yog ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv lwm lub koom haum "ua cov dej num hauv kev kawm hauv cov kev kawm dav dav." Piv txwv li, hauv universities.

Kauj Ruam 3 - Npaj cov txheej txheem kev kawm

Tom qab hloov mus rau kev kawm hauv tsev, cov niam txiv yuav tsum npaj cov kev kawm ntawm tus menyuam: txiav txim siab ntawm cov ncauj lus, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev siv zog ntawm kev kawm.

Nov yog qhov Natalia Ivanchenko hais txog qhov no:

- Tsev neeg kev kawm yog ib qho kev hloov tag nrho hauv tsev neeg txoj kev ua neej. Ib tug neeg laus muaj lub luag haujlwm yuav tsum tshwm sim uas npaj txhij los tswj hwm tag nrho lub koom haum ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm: los ntawm kev teeb tsa qhov chaw kawm mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas kev paub thiab niaj hnub sib tham txog qee yam nrog tus menyuam.

Cov niam txiv hauv tsev neeg txoj kev kawm yog tus cob qhia. Nws coj tus me nyuam mus rau lub hom phiaj uas lawv tau xaiv ua ke, tswj kev txaus siab rau kev kawm, txawm li cas los xij qhov kev kawm no tau ua. Thiab tau kawg, txhua qhov yuam kev, qhov tsis txaus thiab qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev kawm tsis tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws yog koj xaiv thiab tsuas yog koj lub luag haujlwm nrog koj tus menyuam rau koj tus kheej.

Peb txoj hauv kev los npaj cov txheej txheem kev kawm

Qee leej niam thiab txiv siv lo lus "tsev neeg kev kawm" lus thiab sim ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov xibfwb. Kev pab yog muab los ntawm phau ntawv kawm thiab ntau yam kev kawm hauv Internet.

Kawm nrog tus menyuam ntawm lawv tus kheej, cov niam txiv paub nws zoo dua thiab loj hlob nrog nws. Tsis yog "tub, tuaj, nqa phau ntawv teev npe." Kev sib koom siab ntseeg tiag tiag txhim kho ntawm tus neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus.

Qhia tus me nyuam ntawm nws tus kheej txhais tau hais tias muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev kawm zoo. Nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm liam lub tsev kawm ntawv uas qhia yuam kev, tsis txaus thiab tsis yog.

Tsis yog txhua tus niam txiv muaj peev xwm them taus los qhia lawv cov menyuam ntawm lawv tus kheej. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau, tab sis koj tseem yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm thiab daws teeb meem txhua hnub. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev thib ob yog nrog cov kws qhia ntawv thiab ntau lub chaw kawm.

Feem ntau, cov niam txiv ntiav cov kws qhia ntawv rau cov ncauj lus yooj yim thiab ntxiv rau lawv cov menyuam hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab thiaj li hu ua lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Hauv ib qho, koj tus menyuam yuav raug qhia kev ua haujlwm, hauv lwm qhov - ua yeeb yam, hauv qhov thib peb, kev qhia yog raws li txoj kev Montessori, thiab lwm yam. Ib txhia ntawm lawv ua daim ntawv pov thawj. Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev cov tsev kawm ntawv lwm txoj kev thiab tsev neeg.

Txoj kev thib peb yog kawm hauv tsev kawm online.

Foxford, Internet Lesson, Mobile Electronic School, Virtual School, External Office tsuas yog qee qhov chaw uas koj cov menyuam kawm tau los ntawm kev nplij siab ntawm lawv lub tsev.

Hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv online, cov menyuam yaus saib cov lus qhia hauv lub sijhawm, tham nrog cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov phooj ywg, ua tiav cov homework thiab tswj cov haujlwm ntawm lub xaib. Yuav luag zoo li nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv ib txwm, tsuas yog koj tsis tas yuav sawv ntawm xya thaum sawv ntxov kom nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm rau thawj zaj lus qhia: cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm yuav saib tau nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim lub sij hawm. Tib lub sijhawm, cov kev kawm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv online feem ntau tob dua thiab nthuav ntau dua li cov tsev kawm ntawv.

Alisa Klima Kev Txhim Kho Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Yaklass.

- Raws li rau txhua qhov txiaj ntsig, koj yuav tsum them nyiaj so koobtsheej ntawm kev kawm, kev muaj tswv yim thiab lub neej. Lub sijhawm tso tawm yuav tsum tau siv tam sim ntawd. Cov menyuam yaus xav tau cov ntawv qhia zaub mov ntawm ntau yam dej num. Kawm lus txawv teb chaws, suab paj nruag, painting, chess, ntaus pob tesniv, karate - tag nrho cov no raug nqi nyiaj.

Kev kawm hauv tsev yog tsim nyog rau cov tsev neeg uas npaj siab siv 60-100 txhiab rubles ib hlis txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom zoo thiab sib xws ntawm cov txheej txheem yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lawv tus kheej lub siab.

Daim ntawv pov thawj zoo li cas

Daim ntawv pov thawj yog kev tswj hwm kev txhim kho kev kawm los ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lees paub yuav tsum lees paub tias tus menyuam paub thiab ua tsis tau tsawg dua li tau teev tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm pom zoo.

Daim ntawv pov thawj yog nruab nrab (rau chav kawm) thiab zaum kawg. Ob leeg yog dawb. Cov kev cai rau kev ua pov thawj nruab nrab tau teev tseg hauv Tshooj 58 ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai "Rau Kev Kawm".

Hauv kev xyaum, txhua yam zoo li no.

Koj raug txuas nrog rau lub tsev kawm ntawv lossis tsuas yog qhia qhov xav kom dhau daim ntawv pov thawj hauv nws. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tshaj tawm txoj cai nrog lub sijhawm thiab txheej txheem los tuav qhov kev tshwm sim no. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog cov npe ntawm cov khoom, tawm tsam txhua qhov uas tau qhia hnub thiab daim ntawv xa khoom (tswj, kuaj, thiab lwm yam).

Feem ntau cov tsev kawm ntawv homestay ua ob (Lub Kaum Ob Hlis thiab Tsib Hlis) lossis ib qho kev ntsuas nruab nrab (Tsib Hlis). Cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Qee qhov lawv thov kom tus menyuam nqa txhua yam ntawm tus kheej, hauv lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv lawv muab nws xeem thiab xeem hauv tsev.

Yog tias tus menyuam tsis tau ntawv pov thawj hauv ib qho kev kawm, nws yuav muaj nuj nqis kev kawm. Koj tuaj yeem rov qab tsis pub dhau ob zaug hauv ib xyoos txij li hnub tsim cov nuj nqis. Lub sijhawm teem sijhawm los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ua daim ntawv pov thawj.

Lub xeev daim ntawv pov thawj zaum kawg (GIA) yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm, tsis hais hom kev kawm twg. Nws yog ua raws li kev tswj hwm thiab ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qib 9 thiab 11th. Hauv qib 9, daim ntawv pov thawj zaum kawg hu ua OGE - kev xeem hauv xeev; nyob rau hauv lub 11th - lub Unified State Exam, lub unified xeev xeem.

Nov yog qhov Ekaterina Sherchenkova hais txog qhov no:

- Cov niam txiv, thaum hloov mus rau tsev neeg kev kawm, yuav tsum tau mus dhau ntau zaus thiab sau ntawv. Tsev neeg kev kawm yog tswj los ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm tsev kawm ntawv thiab niam txiv. Tsis muaj daim ntawv cog lus tus qauv - niam txiv tuaj yeem sib tham txog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb nrog lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum npaj daim ntawv qhia kev kawm rau txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm kom nws yooj yim rau tus menyuam npaj. Qhov no yog ib txheej loj ntawm kev ua haujlwm ob qho tib si ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab ntawm cov niam txiv.

Thaum dhau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ib ntus, koj tuaj yeem ntsib kev tsis saib xyuas ntawm ib tus kws qhia ntawv. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem siv rau lub tswv yim tias tus menyuam kawm ntawv tuaj yeem kawm ib yam ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab siv sijhawm tsawg. Tab sis kev ntxub ntxaug ploj mus thaum tus me nyuam pom kev paub siab dua li tus kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv xav tau.

Thaum nkag mus rau GIA, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm tsev neeg txoj kev kawm feem ntau tsis muaj teeb meem. Lawv koom nrog hauv daim ntawv pov thawj zaum kawg ntawm lub hauv paus dav dav thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj tib yam li lwm cov tub ntxhais kawm.

Pros thiab cons ntawm tsev neeg kev kawm

Cia peb pib nrog qhov zoo.

1. Kev kawm yog kev lom zem. Tsev kawm ntawv yog lub luag haujlwm. Tus me nyuam tau ntsib nrog cov kab ke thiab feem ntau poob kev txaus siab rau kev kawm mus ib txhis, cov lus qhia twg los xij, tsuas yog tsis muab ob qho tib si. Tsev neeg kev kawm yog ib txoj kev muaj tswv yim. Cov niam txiv sim ua kom cov me nyuam nthuav, kom lawv xav paub tshiab thiab txaus siab rau txoj kev kawm. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ua ke nrog cov menyuam yaus, lawv ua si kev kawm, mus ncig ua si, thiab koom nrog kev ua kis las.
2. Tus kheej mus kom ze. Tsev kawm ntawv yog kev sib npaug. Tsev neeg kev kawm pub rau menyuam yaus thiab niam txiv txoj kev ywj pheej. Lawv xaiv lawv tus kheej seb yam twg thiab yuav kawm npaum li cas. Ntxiv mus, xws li kev kawm uas yuav tsis tshwm sim hauv tsev kawm ntawv ntev, piv txwv li, programming. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov ntaub ntawv kawm ib leeg tuaj yeem tsim rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv.
3. Cov khoom vaj tsev. Tus me nyuam tsis tas yuav sawv ntawm xya thaum sawv ntxov, thiab cov niam txiv tsis tas yuav coj nws mus kawm ntawv. Nws noj zaub mov hauv tsev thiab tsis coj khaub thuas los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum ua hauj lwm, nws so thiab so: tsis muaj leej twg ua pa tom qab thiab tsis taug kev los ntawm kaum mus rau kaum nrog tus taw tes.
4. Backlog rau yav tom ntej. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv hauv tsev tsis muaj qhov phem lossis zoo dua li cov menyuam kawm ntawv ib txwm muaj. Tab sis lawv txoj kev paub feem ntau tob dua thiab dav dua. Lawv feem ntau mus dhau qhov kev kawm ntawm ob lossis peb chav kawm hauv ib xyoos, uas tso cai rau lawv kawm tiav thaum ntxov thiab pib ua haujlwm.

Natalya Ivanchenko ntseeg hais tias: “Qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv yog lub sijhawm dawb, uas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm koj tus kheej txiav txim siab. Tom qab ib xyoos ntawm kev kawm, peb pom tau hais tias peb tuaj yeem yooj yim tawm hauv tebchaws Russia, tab sis khaws peb cov kev kawm hauv Lavxias txoj kev kawm los ntawm kev xeem dhau thiab txuas mus rau lub tsev kawm online."

Lwm sab ntawm lub puav pheej ntawm tsev neeg kev kawm yog raws li nram no.

1. Qib qis ntawm socialization. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv hauv tsev lub ntiaj teb feem ntau raug kaw rau tsev neeg, ob peb tus kws qhia ntawv thiab phooj ywg. Thiab txawm hais tias cov niam txiv sim coj nws mus rau lub voj voog thiab ntu, mus ntsib lwm tus menyuam yaus, kev sib txuas lus tseem tsis txaus. Cov menyuam yaus uas nyob hauv tsev neeg txoj kev kawm feem ntau tsis paub daws qhov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb, yuav ua li cas sawv ntawm lawv tus kheej, pib sib tham li cas. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog teeb meem loj yav tom ntej.
2. Childhood indiscipline. Tsev neeg kev kawm yuav tsum muaj kev cog lus los ntawm niam txiv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog tsis yog los npaj cov txheej txheem kev kawm xwb, tab sis kuj tswj hwm nws. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus "ntawm no yog cov phau ntawv rau koj, ntawm no yog cov lus qhia video - kawm" tsis ua haujlwm. Yog tsis muaj ib lub tswv yim meej thiab cov lus tsis zoo txhua hnub, txawm tias tus me nyuam txawj ntse thiab txawj ntse tshaj plaws pib tub nkeeg.
3. Infantilism. Thaum cov niam txiv yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev paub txog lub ntiaj teb, lawv txoj cai tawm mus. Cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem siv los tso siab rau niam thiab txiv: "Kuv paub yuav ua li cas daws qhov teeb meem no, tab sis kuv yuav tsum sab laj nrog niam txiv", "Kuv mus tsis tau kuv tus kheej, tsis muaj kuv niam kuv txiv". Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm tus menyuam.
4. Nqe. Cov niam txiv xav kom lawv cov menyuam tau txais kev paub txog qib siab uas tau xaiv, tsim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb thiab sib haum xeeb. Nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom ua tiav qhov no los ntawm kev kawm tsuas yog los ntawm cov phau ntawv qhia tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Txhua yam ntxiv - cov ntaub ntawv kawm ntxiv, cov kws qhia ntawv, lwm yam thiab cov tsev kawm online - rau tus nqi. Thiab kim heev.

Nov yog qhov Alisa Klima hais txog qhov no:

- Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws thiab tsawg kawg uas tuaj yeem kwv yees tau yog nrhiav lub sijhawm thiab xav tau los npaj cov txheej txheem txheej txheem. Cov niam txiv feem ntau overestimate lawv lub zog. Lub caij no, thaum hloov mus rau tsev neeg kev kawm, ib tug ntawm lawv feem ntau yuav tau txi ib txoj hauj lwm.

Yog tias tsev neeg muaj ntau tshaj ib tug me nyuam, tsev neeg qhia txawm tias ib tug ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm hnyav heev. Thiab tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj leej twg tso tseg tsev neeg. Kev ua ub ua no nrog cov menyuam yaus, muab peb pluas noj ib hnub, tu, ironing, kav khw yog qhov nyuaj heev hauv kev xyaum. Leej niam leej txiv yuav nyob nrog lub suab zoo li no ntev npaum li cas?

Nikita Belogolovtsev Chief editor ntawm Mel.fm.

- Ntxiv rau, tau kawg, tias tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv niaj hnub no. Tus kws qhia ntawv tsis qw, tsis muaj laggards hauv chav kawm (yog tias koj tsis poob qab koj tus kheej), tsis muaj leej twg hais txog telegonia, koj tsis zaum ntawm koj lub rooj tawm hws tom qab gymnastics - thiab tseem muaj ntau lab kev txhaum ntawm kev sib txawv. hnyav.

Lub ntsiab qhov tsis zoo yog qhov kev siv zog uas yuav tsum tau siv los ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo. Qhov no tsis "los tsev los ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab peb tau tham nrog kev txaus siab chordates thiab tus phab ej ntawm Turgenev." Nws tsis ua haujlwm li ntawd. Npaj, ua haujlwm, sib xws, kev ua ub no ntxiv thiab sijhawm ntau. Thiab nyiaj kuj yog dlej, los ntawm txoj kev.

Cov ntsiab lus

Tsev neeg kev kawm yog ib qho kev kawm txawv txawv thiab nthuav heev. Thiab txawm hais tias nws tsis haum rau txhua tsev neeg thiab menyuam yaus, kev txaus siab rau nws tau loj hlob txhua xyoo. Cov tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem hone lawv txoj haujlwm nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev, cov tsev kawm ntawv ntiav npaj rau ntawv pov thawj. Cov niam txiv koom ua ke hauv zej zog, sib pauv kev kawm hauv tsev neeg. Cov phau ntawv thematic tau luam tawm, ib phau ntawv xov xwm tshwj xeeb "Kev Kawm Tsev Neeg" raug luam tawm. Festivals, seminars, rooj sib tham yog muaj.

Lifehacker nug cov kws tshaj lij txog kev cia siab rau kev txhim kho tsev neeg kev kawm.

Ekaterina Sherchenkova

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm hauv tsev neeg nyob deb nroog tau txais koob meej hauv Russia. Cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsev kawm qib siab tau maj mam suav nrog. Muaj kev xav tias lub tuam txhab online loj tshaj plaws hauv 2030 yuav yog lub tsev kawm online, kev cob qhia nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov kws qhia neeg hlau, cov kws tshaj lij bots.

Nikita Belogolovtsev

Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias tam sim no qhov no yog kev zam, ib nrab txawm tias hype zaj dab neeg. Ntau tus neeg xav txog nws tsuas yog vim li no. Cov npuas no yuav nyob hauv ob peb xyoos.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev poob siab hauv peb txoj kev kawm kuj nce ntxiv. Tam sim no, cov menyuam yaus raug coj mus rau tsev kawm ntawv los ntawm cov neeg uas lawv tus kheej tau txais kev nplij siab, kev vam meej ntawm cov txheeb ze thiab lwm yam kev xyiv fab ntawm cov neeg noj ob txhiab. Cov neeg no tau siv los xaj cov khoom hauv online thiab hu Uber. Thiab cov neeg no pom tias nws nyuaj dua los ntseeg tias tsis muaj ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv chav dej.

Cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm tsev neeg txoj kev kawm tau nquag nquag, nyob rau hauv txoj kev zoo "nruab", yog li nws zoo li muaj ntau ntawm lawv. Qhov no tsis yog tseeb kiag li. Kuv tsis muaj tus lej tseeb, tab sis raws li kuv nkag siab, peb tab tom tham txog ntau txhiab tus menyuam yaus hauv tebchaws Russia uas kawm hauv tsev. Kuv xav tias daim duab no yuav tsis hloov pauv hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.

Mikhail Lazarev

Tsev neeg kev kawm ntawv muaj kev cia siab zoo heev nyob rau hauv Russia thiab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Nrog rau tsev neeg kev kawm, cov niam txiv muaj lub cib fim xaiv yam twg thiab yuav qhia lawv tus menyuam li cas. Hauv internet, koj tuaj yeem kawm los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws.

Yog tias, raws li tsab ntawv zoo, ob zaj yeeb yaj kiab raug tua nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam tsis paub, tsuas yog ib qho hauv qhov chaw ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv nruab nrab, thiab lwm qhov hauv thaj chaw nyob sib ze, koj yuav saib zaj duab xis twg?

Alisa Klim

Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, kev kawm hauv tsev neeg yuav tsis pub ntau tshaj 5-10% ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tebchaws Russia. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb heev. Tsuas yog ob peb tug xwb thiaj yuav muaj peev xwm muab kev kawm zoo hauv tsev.

Kev kawm hauv tsev yog hu ua elitist. Tsis yog vim nws siv tau rau cov neeg nplua nuj xwb, tab sis vim nws yuav tsum muaj kev xav tshwj xeeb. Cov menyuam yaus ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb nyiaj txiag feem ntau yog kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv ntiav lossis txawv teb chaws. Kev kawm hauv tsev yog rau cov neeg uas muaj kev nkag siab meej txog tsev neeg qhov tseem ceeb (piv txwv li, mus ncig thiab hloov chaw nyob), thiab cov uas npaj siab tso lawv tus kheej ambitions rau lawv tus menyuam txoj kev kawm.

Natalia Ivanchenko

Ua ntej txiav txim siab nyuaj txog kev tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv ib txwm muaj, koj yuav tsum xav zoo heev seb koj puas xav tau nws thiab vim li cas koj thiaj li ua, nrog rau cov kws qhia ntawv, kws kho mob hlwb. Nws raug nquahu kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lub tsev kawm ntawv uas tus menyuam yuav dhau daim ntawv pov thawj. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab tag nrho cov kauj ruam no txiav txim siab. Vim qhov tseem ceeb yog tus me nyuam zoo siab thiab kev hlub rau kev kawm tsis qhuav.

Koj xav li cas txog kev qhia tsev neeg?

Yog tias koj tus menyuam kawm ntawv sab nraud, qhia koj zaj dab neeg hauv cov lus.