Yuav ua li cas yog tias koj poob rau hauv lub qhov dub

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Yog hais tias ib tug astronaut mus txog lub qhov dub, nws lub zeem muag yuav tsis ci heev.

luv luv, nws yuav tuag. Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws - nws tsis paub meej tias yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim. Kev tshawb fawb tsuas tuaj yeem kwv yees. Tab sis yuav tsis muaj dab tsi tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qab ntxiag, ntseeg kuv.

Ntawm qhov kev sib hwm, lub qhov dub coj tus cwj pwm zoo li lub hnub qub zoo sib xws - koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov chaw ruaj khov nyob ib puag ncig nws thiab tig mus rau xyoo. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, txawm tias cov neeg nyob hauv ntiaj teb tuaj yeem nyob ntawd. Tab sis qhov ze koj mus rau lub qhov, qhov teeb meem ntau dua yuav muaj.

Radiation yuav tua ib tug neeg

Yog tias koj ntseeg tias lub qhov dub yuav ua mob rau ib tug neeg tsuas yog thaum nws hla qhov kev tshwm sim lub qab ntug (txog ciam teb ib ncig ntawm lub qhov, vim hais tias txawm lub teeb tsis tuaj yeem rov qab los), ces koj yuam kev. Kev nyuaj siab yuav pib ua ntej, thiab ua rau tuag taus.

Cov qhov dub tsis tshua muaj nyob ib leeg. Raws li txoj cai, lawv nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ib pawg loj ntawm cov teeb meem - roj, uas tau tso tseg tom qab lub qhov raug tom los ntawm qee lub hnub qub. Gas ya nyob rau hauv lub orbit ntawm ib tug zoo kawg li ceev ceev, yog li ntawd nws muaj monstrous kinetic zog thiab heats mus rau gigantic kub.

Qhov no nrawm nrawm thiab ua kom kub kub ib ncig ntawm lub qhov dub yog hu ua acretion disk.

Cov neeg saib Interstellar paub tias qhov kev sib tw disk yuav tsum zoo li cas. Lub qhov dub nws tus kheej yog qhov tsis pom, vim nws nqus txhua lub teeb uas poob rau ntawm nws, tab sis lub viav vias ntawm cov teeb meem nyob ib puag ncig nws tuaj yeem pom. Nws yog daim ntawv pov thawj uas yog cov txiv kab ntxwv ci ci uas qhov Event Horizon Telescope telescopes ntes tau thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2019.

Lub acretion discs ntawm qhov dub emit muaj zog electromagnetic tawg. Lub zog ntawm X-rays thiab gamma rays yog ib lab lab lub sij hawm siab dua qhov pom lub teeb.

Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev xav, lub qhov dub nws tus kheej kuj tuaj yeem tso tawm Hawking hluav taws xob. Muaj tseeb, astrophysicists tseem tsis tau paub meej txog qhov no, thiab lub zog hluav taws xob tsis zoo.

Tag nrho cov kwj ntawm cov nqi them, uas lub qhov dub tawg rau ntau pua lub teeb xyoo puag ncig nws tus kheej, tsis zoo li yuav ntxiv kev noj qab haus huv. Lub cev xilethi-aus yuav ua kom tiav ntawm ib tug neeg txawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev nrog cov hluav taws xob zoo tib yam, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua txhaum ntawm topology ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub sij hawm distortions.

Nws yuav raug hlawv los ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm acretion disk

Piv txwv li, tus neeg tsav dav hlau tau saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm hluav taws xob ua ntej - piv txwv li, muab lub tsho ntev ib-meter-thick-lined-lined tsho tiv no. Thiab, txiav txim siab mus nrhiav seb dab tsi yog nyob rau hauv lub mysterious qhov tob ntawm lub qhov dub, tseem mus dawb poob rau nws.

Tab sis lwm qhov teeb meem tseem tos tus kws tshawb fawb, uas yog: cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj uas twb paub lawm rau peb. Nws muaj cov roj kub heev.

Lub disk heats li thaum cov pa roj sib tsoo nrog ib leeg, ua lub voj voog ntawm breakneck ceev nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov dub. Kinetic zog hloov mus rau hauv thermal zog, thiab nws ua tau zoo heev - qhov teeb meem nyob ze ntawm qhov nruab nrab lub qhov dub tuaj yeem ua kom sov txog ntau lab lossis trillions ntawm Kelvin. Qhov no yog me ntsis siab dua, piv txwv li, qhov kub ntawm peb lub hnub - 5,778 K ntawm qhov chaw, 15 lab K ntawm cov tub ntxhais.

Tej zaum, nws tsis tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias nws tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb los ya los ntawm cov kwj deg ntawm cov ntshav plasma. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg tsis raug tua los ntawm hluav taws xob, ces qhov kub thiab txias.

Feem ntau, cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm cov qhov dub loj heev ntawm cov chaw ntawm galaxies yog cov khoom ci tshaj plaws hauv qhov chaw. Lawv hu ua "quasars". Qhov kub tshaj plaws ntawm lawv txhua tus, J043947.08 + 163415.7, roasts zoo li 600 trillion ib txwm daj dwarfs zoo li lub Hnub, yog tias lawv tau koom nrog thiab hais lus ib zaug.

Ib ntus, los ntawm txoj kev, qhov dub xa mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb relativistic dav hlau, los yog dav hlau, - plasma kwj ntawm ib tug ze-teeb ceev, feem ntau nyob rau hauv khub, qhia los ntawm tus ncej nyob rau hauv opposite lus qhia.

Astrophysicists tseem tab tom sib cav vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim, tab sis nws zoo li cov hlau nplaum nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov tau ua ib yam dab tsi nthuav nrog cov roj hauv cov khoom siv. Lub dav hlau tuaj yeem tawg tsis tu ncua rau 10 txog 100 lab xyoo.

Yog li ntawd, ntog rau ntawm lub qhov dub, ib tug neeg yuav tsum zam nws tus ncej, thiaj li tsis mus poob rau hauv lub relativistic dav hlau.

Nws spaghettizes

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom ntawm cov saum toj no, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus rau lub qhov dub yam tsis muaj daim ntawv pov thawj. Cov no kuj tshwm sim - yog tias tsis muaj hnub qub nyob hauv ib puag ncig uas koj tuaj yeem tso roj. Ntawd yog, lub qhov twb nqos tau tag nrho cov nyab xeeb.

Piv txwv li, lub qhov dub nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Markarian 1018 galaxy nqus tag nrho cov teeb meem nyob ib puag ncig nws thiab tsis muaj roj nyob ze. Astrophysicists hu cov qhov no tshaib plab. Yam tsis zoo.

Los yog qhov supermassive Sagittarius A nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm peb txoj kev Milky - nws muaj qhov me me, tsis pom zoo disk 1.

2.. Yog vim li ntawd nws thiaj li nyuaj rau kev saib xyuas nws.

Feem ntau, nws yog qhov ua tau kom mus txog qhov xwm txheej qab ntug ntawm lub qhov dub yam tsis muaj kev sib tsoo nrog cov kwj ntawm cov ntshav kub.

Cov teeb meem uas tus kws sau hnub qub yuav muaj tom ntej yuav nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub qhov dub.

Yog hais tias ib tug neeg poob rau ntawm ib yam khoom uas muaj ib tug loj, hais, txog ib lub hnub ci huab hwm coj (332,946 npaug ntawm lub ntiaj teb loj), ces qhov no yuav tshwm sim.

Thaum peb mus txog lub cev xilethi-aus ntxim nyiam no, lub zog ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus uas nws cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kuj yuav nce ntxiv. Ntawm ib qho kev ncua deb ntawm lub qhov, nws hloov tawm tias lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm ob txhais ceg yuav ntau zaus ntau dua qhov nqus ntawm lub taub hau. Qhov txawv no hu ua "tidal force".

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub zog ntawm lub zog no tau piav qhia los ntawm physicist Neil DeGrasse Tyson hauv phau ntawv "Kev tuag hauv lub qhov dub thiab lwm yam teeb meem me me."

Ua ntej, lub tidal rog ntawm lub qhov dub yuav rhuav lub astronaut nyob rau hauv ib nrab raws nraim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub cev (yog hais tias, ntawm chav kawm, nws ntog mus rau hauv lub qhov zoo li ib tug tub rog, thiab tsis yog sideways). Ces nws yuav rhuav nws ob txhais ceg thiab lub cev ib nrab. Ces dua. Thiab yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv ib tug geometric kev loj hlob, mus txog rau thaum txawm lub atoms los ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom tau lwj mus rau hauv elementary hais. Tom qab ntawd tag nrho cov kwj ntawm cov khoom no yuav dhau ntawm qhov xwm txheej qab ntug.

Lub ntiaj teb kuj tsim lub zog tidal ntawm koj lub cev, tab sis tsis txaus los rhuav tshem koj, yog li tsis txhob txhawj.

Yog tag nrho. Lub phenomenon yog jokingly hu ua "spaghettification". Feem ntau, tidal rog ntawm qhov dub yuav spaghettize hnub qub, tab sis lawv yuav tiv nrog tib neeg thiab.

Txawm li cas los, muaj ib tug caveat.

Tej yam txaus ntshai yuav tshwm sim, tab sis peb yuav tsis paub qhov tseeb

Tidal rog, raws li Neil Tyson piav qhia, nce qhov loj ntawm cov khoom hauv kev sib raug zoo rau qhov kev ncua deb mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov nruab nrab qhov loj me me yuav rhuav tshem cov neeg nyob hauv lub nkoj mus rau hauv daim thiab sib cais rau hauv atoms txawm tias mus txog.

Tab sis yog tias lub qhov dub loj txaus thiab nrog lub vojvoog loj, nws cov tidal rog yuav pib ncab tus neeg taug kev tom qab nws hla qhov kev tshwm sim qab ntug.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tej zaum, ib tus neeg tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob, hais tias tus kws kho mob Leo Rodriguez, vim hais tias qhov kev tshwm sim lub qab ntug tsis yog lub cev tsis muaj zog, tab sis tsuas yog ciam teb ntawm qhov gravitational nyhuv ntawm lub qhov dub, uas txawm tias lub teeb tsis tuaj yeem dim ntawm nws.

Tsuas yog ua ntej ntog ntawm lub qab ntug, tus neeg taug kev tuaj yeem muaj sijhawm los saib seb tag nrho cov teeb ntawm cov hnub qub nyob ib puag ncig cuam tshuam li cas, thiab tom qab ntawd poob mus rau qhov taw tes tom qab, uas yuav ua ntej tig liab, ces dawb, ces xiav. Qhov no yog vim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub qhov nqus ntawm lub wavelengths ntawm lub teeb hla (qhov no yog hu ua "blue shift").

Tab sis tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem qhia meej tias yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim hla lub qab ntug. Qhov teeb meem yog tias cov kev cai ntawm physics peb tau siv los ua haujlwm tsis muaj. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tsuas tuaj yeem xav tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim rau qhov teeb meem hauv lub qhov dub.

Feem ntau, raws li Neil Tyson, ib tug neeg yog spaghettizing yam xyuam xim, tsis yog ua ntej qhov kev tshwm sim qab ntug, tab sis qab nws. Tom qab ntawd dab tsi tseem tshuav ntawm tus neeg taug kev yuav poob rau hauv ib qho kev sib txawv - thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw uas muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom nti hauv qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov. Ntawm no.

Yog li ntawd yuav tsis muaj phau ntawv thiab Morse code lus los ntawm yav dhau los xa mus rau lawv tus ntxhais zoo li hauv Interstellar.