Puas yog nws tuaj yeem hloov lub raum hauv qab daus: 10 lus dab neeg hais txog kev hloov pauv hauv nruab nrog cev thiab lawv qhov tsis lees paub

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Puas muaj kev lag luam dub rau cov kabmob thiab puas muaj lub sijhawm uas tus neeg mob hnyav yuav tsis raug cawm kom tau lawv lub siab lossis lub ntsws? Cia peb ua tib zoo saib cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo txog kev pub khoom nruab nrog cev thiab tshem tawm lawv.

1. Koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm thiab hloov cov kabmob rau txhua tus

Kev pub dawb ntawm lub cev yog qhov xwm txheej hnyav thaum lwm yam kev ntsuas tsis tuaj yeem pab tau, vim tsis yog txhua tus kab mob tuaj yeem kho tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, feem ntau ua rau muaj mob hnyav tsis yog txhua tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau tus kheej kev noj qab haus huv.

Ntawm cov uas xav tau kev hloov pauv yog cov menyuam yaus uas yug los muaj mob hnyav uas ua rau lawv lub neej muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ib hnub rau ib hnub. Yog li ntawd, kev hloov hauv nruab nrog cev feem ntau yog lawv txoj kev cawm seej xwb.

Txhua hnub, kwv yees li 22 tus neeg, uas yog, kwv yees li 8,000 tus neeg hauv ib xyoos, tuag los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Kev Muag Khoom thiab Kev Hloov Pauv, tos nyob rau hauv kab rau lub cev xav tau kev hloov pauv.

Ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau kev hloov pauv yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm ib khub pub dawb-tau txais, uas yog ua los ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm ib tus neeg hauv chav kuaj.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug neeg tuag, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov laj thawj vim li cas pub dawb yog tsis yooj yim sua. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kho mob Posthumous organ pub dawb "Posthumous organ pub" muaj xws li: mob kis kab mob encephalitis, qee hom mob qog nqaij hlav hauv hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg muaj peev xwm pub dawb tau ua tib zoo kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj cov kab mob loj - HIV, kab mob siab B thiab C, syphilis. Kev pub dawb tsis suav nrog yog tias tsawg kawg ib qho ntawm cov kab mob tau lees paub.

2. Yuav luag txhua lub cev tuaj yeem hloov pauv

Cov kabmob uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau muaj xws li: lub plawv, lub raum, lub ntsws, lub siab, pob txha thiab lwm yam. Cov npe no yog Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Ministry of Health ntawm Lavxias Federation, Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Lub Rau Hli 4, 2015 N 306n / 3 "Rau kev pom zoo ntawm cov npe ntawm cov khoom hloov pauv" tau pom zoo los ntawm Ministry of Health ntawm Russia nrog rau Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences. Qhov no tsis suav nrog cov kabmob, lawv qhov chaw thiab cov ntaub so ntswg uas cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev tsim tawm (qe, phev, zes qe menyuam lossis embryos), ntshav thiab nws cov khoom.

Niaj hnub no muaj ob hom kev pub khoom nruab nrog cev: intravital (txog) thiab posthumous.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib qho intravital pub dawb, nws muaj peev xwm hloov lub raum, ib feem ntawm lub siab los yog ib feem ntawm cov hnyuv me. Tom qab kev tuag, kev hloov pauv tsis yog ib qho xwb, tab sis kuj muaj 3-6 lub cev tib lub sijhawm.

Italian neurosurgeon Sergio Canavero tau hais tias Tus Kws Kho Mob Sergio Canavero: Kuv yuav qhib txoj hauv kev rau kev tsis txawj tuag los ntawm kev hloov lub cev mus rau lub taub hau ntawm tus neeg nyob. Lub tswv yim no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam thoob plaws ntiaj teb, vim qhov no feem ntau tus neeg yuav muaj peev xwm nyob tau, tab sis yuav tsis muaj peev xwm txav thiab ua pa ib txwm muaj. Xws li kev hloov pauv tseem tsis tau ua.

3. Tib neeg raug tua kom muag khoom nruab nrog cev

Tsis yog, nws tsis zoo li ntawd. Qhov no tsuas yog pointless rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm technical yog vim li cas. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog hais tias tus neeg tuag yuav tsum tau txuas nrog cov khoom siv txhawb nqa lub neej. Txwv tsis pub, nws lub cev yuav tsis haum rau kev hloov pauv.

Artificial ventilation ntawm lub ntsws muab cov pa oxygen rau lub ntsws, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xa cov pa oxygen rau txhua lub cev ntawm tus neeg pub dawb, ua kom lawv ua haujlwm zoo. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua organ donor conditioning. Ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm no yog thaj tsam ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov kws kho mob hnyav. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov kabmob uas tsis muaj cov kws tshaj lij ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog thiab cov khoom tsim nyog.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tsis yog txhua lub koom haum kho mob ua cov kev hloov hauv nruab nrog cev. Tam sim no, cov khoom pub dawb tau hloov pauv hauv 52 lub tsev kho mob thiab chaw kho mob hauv tebchaws Russia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, deb ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv, cov kabmob sib txawv tau hloov pauv hauv qhov sib npaug; feem ntau cov tsev kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv kev hloov raum.

4. Lub cev muag txawv teb chaws

Tsis yog kiag li. Kev ua thoob ntiaj teb txwv tsis pub muag cov khoom nruab nrog cev. Transplant tourism (mus ncig rau lwm lub tebchaws rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv nruab nrog cev) kuj raug rau txim los ntawm cov zej zog thoob ntiaj teb. Yog li, Istanbul Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Hloov Mus Ncig Kev Ncig Tebchaws thiab Kev Lag Luam Hauv Lub Tebchaws (tsim nyob rau xyoo 2007, hloov kho thaum Lub Xya Hli 2018 hauv kev sib txuas nrog kev kho mob, kev cai lij choj thiab kev sib raug zoo hauv kev hloov pauv hauv kev hloov pauv) hais txog Istanbul Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Hloov Mus Ncig Tebchaws thiab Kev Lag Luam Hauv Lub Tebchaws: "Kev lag luam hauv tib neeg. cov khoom nruab nrog cev thiab kev ua lag luam rau tib neeg rau kev tshem tawm cov kabmob ntawm lawv yuav tsum raug txwv thiab suav tias yog kev ua txhaum cai ".

Lub cev tsis tuaj yeem ploj. Ua ntej, nyob rau hauv Russia, transplantation tsuas yog ua tau rau cov pej xeem ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Qhov thib ob, nws tsis tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias lub tsev kho mob twg tus neeg pub dawb nrog lub cev tsim nyog nyob hauv, txij li lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov neeg pub dawb, cov neeg tau txais, nrog rau cov lus qhia thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev hloov pauv tau sau tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Ministry of Kev noj qab haus huv ntawm Russia thiab tsis muaj rau ntau tus neeg.

Ntxiv mus, nws tsis tuaj yeem thauj cov khoom nruab nrog cev tsis raug cai los ntawm lub dav hlau, thiab ntau dua los ntawm lwm lub tsheb. Rau kev thauj mus los, cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau tsim nyog. Leej twg dares ua ib kauj ruam no?

5. Muaj cov chaw kho mob zais cia uas tau hloov cov khoom nruab nrog cev

Txij li kev hloov pauv hauv nruab nrog cev yog kev ua haujlwm siab thev naus laus zis, kev hloov pauv tsuas tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ib lub tsev kho mob uas muaj neeg ua haujlwm. Lub tsev kho mob yuav tsum muaj: chav saib xyuas mob hnyav uas muaj lub cev txhawb nqa lub neej, pab pawg kws kho mob hloov chaw, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob me, lub chaw kuaj mob uas tso cai rau kev sim kim thiab nyuaj, lub raum khoom siv, thiab ntau ntxiv.

Nws hloov tawm hais tias lub tsev kho mob clandestine yuav tsum yog "rau cov hniav" nruab nrog ob qho tib si khoom kim heev thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog.

Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom npaj ib qho chaw kho mob ntawm qib no hauv qab daus, nrog rau tsim ib pab pawg kws tshaj lij kws kho mob uas tau npaj ua txhaum cai.

6. "Ua haujlwm thiab tsis nco qab" lossis "Lawv nyob nrog lub cev hloov pauv me ntsis, thiab txhua tus neeg tsis taus"

Yog tias tus neeg mob tom qab ua haujlwm tsis quav ntsej txog kev noj tshuaj tshwj xeeb - tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob - kev tsis lees paub ntawm lub cev hloov pauv yuav tshwm sim.

Nws yog vim li no tias tom qab hloov pauv, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau saib xyuas los ntawm kws kho mob niaj hnub, kuaj xyuas thiab saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev hloov pauv. Raws li cov lus pom zoo, cov neeg tau txais lub cev pub dawb coj lub neej tag nrho: lawv kawm, ua haujlwm, tsim tsev neeg, yug menyuam, thiab ua si.

7. Kev hloov pauv yog kev lag luam

Nyob rau hauv Russia, hom kev kho mob high-tech no tau txais los ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai ntawm Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 21, 2011 N 323-FZ "Rau Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv ntawm Cov Neeg Xam Xaj hauv Lavxias", tsuas yog nyiaj los ntawm lub xeev pob nyiaj siv. Yog li ntawd, kev hloov khoom nruab nrog cev tsis yog kev lag luam. Tsis muaj ib tug pej xeem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation them rau cov kev pab cuam hloov khoom nruab nrog cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub npe hu ua kev xav pub dawb tsis raug cai hauv Russia - kev pub dawb los ntawm ib tus neeg uas tsis yog cov txheeb ze ntshav.

Raws li tus thawj transplantologist ntawm Lavxias teb sab Ministry of Health, tus thawj coj ntawm N. N. hauv THIAB. Shumakov, Academician ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences Sergei Gauthier, kev xav pub dawb nyob txhua qhov chaw khiav txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev them nyiaj, uas yog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm World Health Organization.

Cov kev txwv tsim los ntawm txoj cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias Federation yog tsom rau txwv txoj cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias Federation Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 22, 1992 N 4180-I "Rau kev hloov pauv ntawm tib neeg lub cev thiab (lossis) cov ntaub so ntswg" ntawm kev lag luam ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv nruab nrog cev.. Kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev yog nqa tawm tshwj xeeb hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub xeev cov tsev kho mob uas muaj daim ntawv tso cai tsim nyog thiab tau teev nyob rau hauv cov npe tshwj xeeb pom zoo los ntawm Ministry of Health ntawm Russia thiab Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb.

Raws li peb tau sau saum toj no, cov neeg pub dawb, ib yam li cov neeg tau txais kev pab, tau nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm Ministry of Health ntawm Lavxias Federation. Muab qhov tseeb no, transplantation yog technically tsis yooj yim sua kom ua lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsev kho mob yuav tsum ceeb toom rau tus kws lij choj hauv kev sau ntawv txog kev tshem tawm cov kabmob los ntawm tus neeg pub dawb rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hloov pauv.

Tsis tas li ntawd, Lavxias txoj cai lij choj ua txhaum cai rau hauv kev pub khoom nruab nrog cev thiab kev lag luam khoom nruab nrog.

Cov lus pom zoo uas twb muaj lawm hauv Is Taws Nem txog kev lag luam hauv nruab nrog cev yog lub hauv paus rau kev kuaj xyuas los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, thiab hauv lawv tus kheej, txhua qhov xwm txheej, lawv yog "kev dag ntxias nyiaj txiag."

8. Cov uas nyob hauv kev saib xyuas mob hnyav tsis tau txais kev cawmdim kom coj lawv lub cev

Qhov tseeb, cov kws kho mob hloov pauv tsis muaj txoj cai los koom nrog kev kho mob rau tus neeg mob hnyav. Txoj cai tshwj xeeb no tau muab tso rau hauv txoj cai lij choj thiab tau siv hauv kev coj ua hauv tebchaws Russia.

Tag nrho txhua yam kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob tau ua raws li cov qauv pom zoo, cov lus qhia thiab cov txheej txheem kho mob.

Yog li, thaum ib tug neeg lub hlwb tuag, ib daim ntawv qhia kev tuag yog tsim, tswj los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Order of the Ministry of Health ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 25, 2014 N 908n Nyob rau hauv lub txheej txheem rau tsim kom muaj kev kuaj mob ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb tuag ntawm Ministry. Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv ntawm Russia. Nws suav nrog ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb thiab ntau yam kev xeem. Lub sij hawm ntawm kev tuag ascertaining yog 6-12 teev, qee zaum nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua. Kev tuag ntawm lub hlwb yog tsim los ntawm pawg kws kho mob, uas suav nrog tus kws kho mob koom nrog, tshuaj loog, thiab kws kho mob hlwb nrog tsawg kawg tsib xyoos ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, raws li nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws tsim, Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai ntawm 21.11.2011 N 323-FZ (raws li hloov kho ntawm 03.08.2018) "Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation" yog nyob rau hauv yuam cai presumption ntawm kev tso cai. Qhov no txhais tau tias txhua tus neeg tom qab kev tuag tuaj yeem ua tus pub dawb. Yog hais tias tus neeg tuag thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej qhia tsis pom zoo nrog posthumous pub dawb, ces tshem tawm lub cev tsis ua.

Yog tias tus neeg mob txawm li cas los xij tuag thiab, raws li cov txheej txheem paub, tuaj yeem yog tus neeg pub khoom nruab nrog cev (thaum tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tsis pom zoo hauv lub neej nrog kev pub dawb), tom qab ntawv tso cai los ntawm tus kws kho mob lub taub hau, pab pawg kws kho mob raug caw tuaj koom ua haujlwm pub dawb. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog khaws cia cov neeg pub khoom nruab nrog cev hauv lub cev ntawm tus neeg tuag, ua haujlwm thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub cev thaum thauj mus rau qhov chaw hloov pauv. Ib kis ntawm kev pub dawb tuaj yeem cawm tau tsib tus neeg mob txoj sia.

9. Orphanages - ib qho kev xaiv yeej-yeej rau kev pub khoom nruab nrog cev rau "dub" transplantologists

Raws li txoj cai lij choj, txoj cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 22, 1992 N 4180-I "Ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kabmob thiab (lossis) cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tib neeg", kev tshem tawm cov kabmob ntawm cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 18 xyoo raug txwv. Thaum muaj kev tuag, cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog cov neeg pub dawb tsuas yog muaj kev pom zoo los ntawm niam txiv. Cov menyuam ntsuag tsis tuaj yeem yog tus neeg pub dawb ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai ntawm 21.11.2011 N 323-FZ (raws li hloov kho rau 03.08.2018) "Rau cov hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation", nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no txawm qhov kev pom zoo ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas yuav tsis ua hauj lwm.. Hauv cov teeb meem no, txoj cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias Federation "los ntawm" thiab "rau" cuam tshuam nrog kev coj ua hauv ntiaj teb thiab cov lus pom zoo ntawm Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv.

10. Thaum tsim kev tuag ntawm lub hlwb, qee zaum lawv ua yuam kev

Qhov kev kuaj mob no txhais tau hais tias tib neeg lub hlwb raug puas tsuaj ntau heev uas ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv thiab kev ua pa tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj, uas yog, khoom siv dag zog. Txawm hais tias lub cev tsis tau npaj los siv rau kev hloov pauv, lub hlwb kev tuag tseem tau hais los ntawm Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv ntawm Lavxias Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 25, 2014 N 908n Ntawm cov txheej txheem los tsim kev kuaj mob ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb tuag. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub paj hlwb puas los yog tuag ntawm nws cortex tsis yog lub hauv paus rau kev hloov hauv lub cev.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1980, tsis yog ib qho yuam kev tau sau tseg hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm lub hlwb tuag hauv thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation.