17 cov lus paub uas yeej tsis yog lus Lavxias, tab sis lub Koom Txoos Slavonic

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Ntawm lawv yog cov zoo li "nyob zoo", "cov khaub ncaws" thiab "ua haujlwm".

Ib tug neeg xav hais tias lub Koom Txoos Slavonic yog ib tug outdated version ntawm Lavxias teb sab, tab sis qhov no tsis yog li ntawd.

Ib zaug dhau los, muaj cov lus Proto-Slavic uas tsis tau sau, los ntawm txhua yam lus Slavic (sab hnub tuaj, sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb), suav nrog Cov Neeg Laus Laus - cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov lus Slavic sab hnub tuaj: Lavxias, Ukrainian, Belarusian.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 9, Cyril thiab Methodius tsim Slavic kev sau ntawv, thiab nrog nws cov lus sau - Lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonic. Nws yeej tsis tau siv rau kev sib txuas lus txhua hnub. Qhov no yog ib phau ntawv txhais lus raws li cov lus ntawm South Slavs uas nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub nroog Solun. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim roughly, lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus qub Slavonic yog qub Bulgarian, thiab tsis nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab qub, raws li ntau xav.

Lub sijhawm ntawd, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj, Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Qab Teb Slavs tsis zoo li tam sim no. Nrog rau kev saws me nyuam ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv Russia, lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonic pib nthuav tawm ntawm cov Slavs thiab hloov nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm cov lus hauv zos - "Lub Koom Txoos Tshiab Slavonic" (cov lus ntawm cov ntawv sau tom qab lub xyoo pua 10th) feem ntau hu ua lub Koom Txoos Slavonic.. Muaj ntau yam sib txawv ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavonic lus - nyob ntawm cov lus uas cuam tshuam nws (Lus Lavxias teb sab, Serbian, Croatian, thiab lwm yam).

Nyob rau hauv Russia, phau ntawv lub Koom Txoos Slavonic thiab qhov ncauj lus qub Lavxias teb sab coexisted. Cov qub tau muab lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov lus ntawm cov qauv siab, uas tau khaws cia rau hnub no: peb txhua tus tau ntsib hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov classics "grad", "qhov muag", "ntiv tes" thiab cov lus zoo sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, lub Koom Txoos Slavonic cov lus tsis tas yuav pompous, poetic lossis kev ntseeg. Hauv kev hais lus txhua hnub, peb feem ntau siv lub Koom Txoos Slavicisms, txawm hais tias peb yuav tsis twv txog nws. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv.

Nyob zoo pej xeem, teb chaws

Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavism yog qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm "-ra-", uas sib haum rau lub suab lus Lavxias "-oro-": "nyob zoo," "kev noj qab haus huv," tab sis "zoo," "kev noj qab haus huv."

Tib lub Koom Txoos Slavis uas tsis pom zoo muaj xws li "neeg pej xeem" (Lavxias teb sab "lub nroog dweller"), "lub teb chaws" (Lavxias teb sab "sab"). Thaum lub sij hawm, lub Koom Txoos Slavonic thiab Lavxias teb sab versions diverged nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus, ruaj ntau lub ntsiab lus.

Qab zib, muaj zog

Lwm qhov ua ke tsis tiav, tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavs, yog "-la-". Hauv Lavxias nws sib raug rau "-olo-".

Keeb kwm, qab zib thiab malt yog cognates. Laus Lavxias teb sab "licorice" tsis tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no.

"Vlast" kuj yog qiv los ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavonic. Tab sis Lavxias teb sab "volost", txawm hais tias nws tau pom niaj hnub no, muaj lub ntsiab lus nqaim - "chaw tswj hwm-ib cheeb tsam".

Kev puas tsuaj, hnub Wednesday, sijhawm

Ib zaug ntxiv lub Koom Txoos Slavonic tsis pom zoo - "-re-". Hauv kev hais lus, tus thawj Lavxias teb sab analogue ntawm lo lus "kev puas tsuaj" - "vered" tau khaws cia. Kuj tseem muaj kev pom zoo tag nrho hauv cov npe "fastidious".

Cia peb nco qab lo lus "ib puag ncig", uas nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab peb pom lub suab tag nrho-hauv paus "nruab nrab". Tab sis "kev ntseeg" tsis tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub Koom Txoos Slavism "lub sij hawm".

Lub prefixes "pre-", "pre-", "over-" kuj yog lub Koom Txoos Slavonic keeb kwm. Lawv muaj tag nrho cov lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab: "tshaj-", "ua ntej-", "los ntawm-".

Sib npaug, ua haujlwm

Kev sib xyaw ua ke "ra-" thaum pib ntawm lo lus tsis yog "ro-" kuj yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavs. Muab piv "sib npaug" nrog cov haiv neeg Lavxias "sib npaug". Thiab lub qub Lavxias teb sab "neeg hlau" tau muaj sia nyob tsuas yog nyob rau hauv dialects.

Khaub ncaws, kev cia siab, nqhis dej

Lub Koom Txoos Slavs yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib xyaw "-zh-" nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab "-zh-". Ntxiv rau "cov khaub ncaws" uas tuaj ntawm lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonic, kuj tseem muaj cov lus Lavxias "cov khaub ncaws". Tib qhov xwm txheej yog nrog cov lus "kev cia siab" thiab "kev cia siab". Thiab tseem muaj "txhim kho" tsis muaj "-zhd-".

Lo lus "thirst" ib zaug muaj ib tug Lavxias teb sab analogue ntawm "thirst", uas yog tsis zoo li yuav pom tam sim no.

Peb pom tib qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm "-zh-" thiab "-zh-" nyob rau hauv cov twb tau hais ua khub "neeg pej xeem - lub nroog dweller".

Pab, qhov tsua

Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev qiv los ntawm Lub Koom Txoos Slavonic yog "u" es tsis txhob "h". Cov haiv neeg Lavxias yog "pab". Peb nco qab Pushkin: "Vajtswv pab koj, kuv cov phooj ywg." Txawm li cas los xij, lub Koom Txoos Slavism "pab" supplanted lo lus no.

Thiab lo lus "qhov tsua" muaj ib tug qub Lavxias teb sab analogue "pechora", uas yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv dialects thiab nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm tus dej.

Los ntawm txoj kev, cov lus xaus "-asch-" thiab "-yasch-" kuj tuaj ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavonic. Tam sim no muaj cov khub uas cov lus nrog cov lus tseem ceeb Lavxias teb sab "-ach-" thiab "-ach-" yog adjectives, thiab nrog lub Koom Txoos Slavonic "-asch-" thiab "-yasch-" yog cov koom tes: "dag - dag", "wandering - wandering", "pom - pom" thiab lwm yam.

Ib leeg

Peb pom ib qho txawv txawv: "ib", "ib", tab sis "ib", "kho siab". Cov lus nrog thawj "e" yog lub Koom Txoos Slavonic, thiab cov uas muaj thawj "o" yog cov neeg Lavxias.

Los ntawm txoj kev, lub xeem lub npe ntawm tus kws sau paj lug Sergei Yesenin yog tsim los ntawm cov lus Slavic "esen" - ib tug outdated version ntawm "Autumn".

Sab qab teb

Thiab ntawm no Old Slavism muab qhov pib "u". Peb ib txwm "sab qab teb" sib raug mus rau primordially Lavxias teb sab "yog", uas, los ntawm txoj kev, lo lus "supper" tau tsim.