Dab tsi yog cais cov khib nyiab pov tseg thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tiav hauv koj lub tsev

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Hloov qhov xwm txheej tsis yooj yim, tab sis koj tuaj yeem pib me me - nrog koj tus kheej.

Yuav ua li cas rau cov khib nyiab hnub no?

Me ntsis ntau tshaj 90% ntawm cov khib nyiab uas peb muab tso rau hauv lub thoob khib nyiab pov tseg. Yuav ua li cas nrog cov khib nyiab hauv Russia ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg. Raws li txoj cai, cov khib nyiab yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb uas muaj cov khoom siv bulldozers. Txhua txheej ob meters tuab yuav tsum tau them nrog av, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov nws yuav tsum tau moistened nrog dej kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws.

Qhov tseeb, tej yam feem ntau tig tawm txawv. Feem ntau Lavxias teb sab landfills pov tseg tag nrho cov pov tseg indiscriminately (xws li roj teeb, mercury teeb, combustible tsev cov ntaub ntawv, thiab hais txog). Cov khib nyiab tsis yog tamped zoo thiab tsis sprinkled nrog insulating txheej. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig.

Cov pa phem pov tseg tau tsim, uas tuaj yeem ua mob hnyav rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg.

Hluav taws kub tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg, suav nrog hauv qhov tob tob. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem tua tau ntau xyoo. Poisonous kua - filtrate - seeps los ntawm landfill mus rau hauv av, dej ntws thiab pas dej.

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov seem ntawm cov pov tseg?

Kwv yees li ntawm 2% ntawm cov pov tseg hauv Russia yog incinerated, thiab 4% ntawm cov pov tseg yog rov ua dua Yuav ua li cas nrog pov tseg hauv Russia. Cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab mus rau txoj kab kev sib cais, qhov chaw lawv xaiv yam twg tuaj yeem siv dua. Cov no yog ntau hom yas, ntawv, iav, hlau.

Organic pov tseg, uas niaj hnub no suav nrog 40 mus rau 50% ntawm tag nrho cov pov tseg, tsis rov siv dua nyob rau hauv Russia: tsis muaj ntaub ntawv tswj cov txheej txheem no. Cov organic teeb meem raug xa mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg.

Greenpeace tau suav tias yog qhov xwm txheej tsis hloov pauv, tag nrho thaj chaw pov tseg hauv tebchaws Russia yuav ncav cuag 8 lab hectares los ntawm 2026. Nws zoo li ob lub hiav txwv Azov.

Cov khib nyiab pov tseg hauv lwm lub tebchaws li cas?

Txawv teb chaws, compost (fertilizer) yog tsim los ntawm cov organic pov tseg, hloov mus rau biogas, uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim hluav taws xob, cua sov, thiab tseem ua roj rau tsheb.

Hauv qee lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, txog li 50% ntawm cov pov tseg yog incinerated - qhov no yog ua tib zoo cais cov khib nyiab uas tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua.

Tab sis rov qab mus rau thaum ntxov 2017, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tebchaws Europe tau pom zoo tias cov tebchaws tsis txhob tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshiab thiab tsim kev lag luam rov ua dua tshiab.

Cov piv txwv ntawm kev txo cov pov tseg zoo tau paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Nyiv lub nroog Kamikatsu, 80% ntawm cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev yog rov ua dua tshiab. Cov neeg nyob hauv muab faib ua 34 hom. Cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam tau teeb tsa lub hom phiaj los txo cov pov tseg pov tseg kom xoom los ntawm 2020.

Qhov no yog li cas cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw tsaug zog ntawm Tokyo khaws cov khib nyiab.

Hauv 76 lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb, lawv tau txwv txoj cai siv cov ntim yas pov tseg, uas suav txog li 70% ntawm tag nrho cov pov tseg.

Vim li cas txhua yam txawv nrog peb?

Txawv teb chaws, lawv cia siab rau cais cov khib nyiab. Nyob rau hauv Russia - rau sorting mixed pov tseg ntawm qhauj. Qhov txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Maria Malorossiyanova tus thawj tswj haujlwm ntawm ECA lub zog

Kev cais cov khib nyiab sib xyaw ua haujlwm tsawg dua li kev sib cais ua ntej nws xaus rau hauv qhov chaw. Ntau cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm rov ua dua tshiab tsuas yog siv tsis tau lossis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev rov ua dua tshiab. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias cov "tails" xa mus rau incineration los yog pov tseg, nce. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev lag luam sorting ntawm cov khib nyiab sib xyaw tsis suav nrog kev koom tes ntawm tib neeg los daws qhov teeb meem. Yog li ntawd, lawv yeej tsis xav txog yuav txo lawv txoj kev kawm li cas.

Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb: kev lag luam kev lag luam tsis tau txais kev txhawb nqa hauv Russia, thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev cais cov khib nyiab tsis raug tsim. Qhov tseem ceeb yog muab rau incineration hnub no. Yog li, kev tsim kho ntawm plaub lub zog khib nyiab incineration nroj tsuag tau pom zoo nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow. Tab sis qhov no yog qhov kim tshaj plaws, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab ib puag ncig tsis zoo los daws cov khib nyiab.

Qhov piv txwv ntawm Sweden lees paub qhov no. Ob peb cov nroj tsuag muaj zog incineration tau tsim ntawm no. Qhov no cuam tshuam txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam. Cov Swedes raug yuam kom yuav cov khib nyiab hauv lwm lub tebchaws, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ib puag ncig, vim tias cov tshuab hluav taws xob tsim cov pa roj carbon dioxide ntau.

Yuav ua li cas?

Muaj cov thev naus laus zis hauv tebchaws Russia uas ua rau nws tsis tuaj yeem faus lossis hlawv, tab sis rov ua dua iav, hlau, yas, ntawv, roj hmab, textiles, uas ua rau muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov pov tseg. Muaj 432 cov chaw ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam Moscow ib leeg. Tab sis lawv lub peev xwm yog underutilized los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 30-40%.

Cov nroj tsuag rov ua dua tshiab muaj txiaj ntsig tsawg vim qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Piv txwv li, PET lub raj mis los ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg yog cov kab mob hnyav heev thiab yuav tsum tau tu tus nqi. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau muab cais cais cov khib nyiab kom raug. Cov peev txheej thib ob uas cov neeg nyob hauv tau sau tseg, ntxuav thiab muab ntim rau hauv cov thawv cais, yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau dua los siv dua.

Koj tuaj yeem pib qhov twg los ntawm kev khaws cov khib nyiab cais?

1. Muaj qee lub thawv hauv tsev

Romualdo Januskevicius Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Txhim Kho ntawm Lub Chaw rau Environmental Technologies

Sau cov khoom noj ntub dej cais. Lawv khaws cov ceev tshaj plaws, yog li koj yuav muab pov tseg ntau zaus. Txhua lub thawv yas - lub raj mis, yogurt jars, thiab lwm yam - yaug nrog dej thiab muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab cais. Qhov no yuav ua rau lawv yooj yim dua los siv dua.

Rau cov ntawv - ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm, kev xa ntawv tshaj tawm, cov ntawv sau - koj tuaj yeem muaj ib lub thawv cais. Ib hlis ib zaug, koj tuaj yeem ntim nws thiab muab tso rau hauv lub thawv pov tseg lossis coj mus rau cov ntsiab lus sau.

Tsis tas li ntawd, sau cov kaus poom aluminium thiab iav ntim cais. Cov kauj ruam yooj yim no yuav pab koj rov siv cov khoom pov tseg ntau dua li yog tias koj muab txhua yam hauv ib lub hnab.

2. Txhim kho cov khib nyiab cais rau hauv koj lub vaj

• Teem lub rooj sib tham dav dav ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tsev, uas koj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab txog kev qhia txog kev cais cov khib nyiab hauv cheeb tsam. Ua cov ntaub ntawv: cais cov khib nyiab pov tseg yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig vim tias cov khoom siv khib nyiab sib xyaw ua ke muaj ntau cov khoom pov tseg, hnyav hnyav (xws li ntawv thiab yas). Yog tias koj muab cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab rau hauv ib lub tank cais, koj tuaj yeem txuag nyiaj: koj xav tau ntau lub ntim.
• Hu rau lub tuam txhab tswj hwm nrog cov tshuaj no thiab hais kom lawv nruab cov thawv ntim khoom sib cais.
• Muab ib lub tuam txhab uas khaws cov khib nyiab los ntawm koj lub vaj los npaj cais cov khib nyiab, lossis cog lus nrog lwm lub tuam txhab.

Cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws qhia txog yuav ua li cas npaj cov khoom pov tseg cais hauv koj lub tsev tau raug luam tawm.

3. Tshem tawm cov khib nyiab cais ntawm koj tus kheej

Nyob rau ntawm Greenpeace lub vev xaib, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav qhov chaw khaws khoom pov tseg ze tshaj plaws: ntawv, iav, yas, roj teeb, tetrapacks, teeb pom kev zoo, khoom siv hauv tsev thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov ntsiab lus no tsis nyob hauv txhua lub nroog.

Qhov no puas yuav pab txhim kho qhov xwm txheej?

Yog lawm. Cov khoom tshiab tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov khoom pov tseg uas raug rhuav tshem. Piv txwv li, 400 txhuas lub kaus poom yog lub tsheb kauj vab me nyuam tshiab, 25 lub raj mis yas yog lub tsho fleece, ib phau ntawv xov xwm yog 10 yob ntawm daim ntawv tso quav.

Cov kws tshaj lij tau suav tias yuav ua li cas nrog cov khib nyiab hauv tebchaws Russia, qhov kev rov ua dua pov tseg yuav txo cov khib nyiab pov tseg hauv peb lub tebchaws los ntawm 75-80% los ntawm 2030. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tus naj npawb ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg yuav txo qis. Qhov chaw tshiab yuav tsim cov hauj lwm tshiab, thiab tsawg dua cov incinerators uas lom cov cua yuav tsim.