Thaum twg, vim li cas thiab yuav ua li cas Maslenitsa ua kev zoo siab

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Keeb kwm ntawm Slavic hnub caiv thiab cov lus qhia rau cov neeg uas xav siv nws raws li tag nrho cov cai.

Maslenitsa yog dab tsi thiab thaum twg nws ua kev zoo siab

Shrovetide yog ib txwm ua kev zoo siab ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tuaj txog, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg Slavic. Shrovetide hnub nyob ntawm seb hnub Easter ntog, thiab yog li ntawd hloov txhua xyoo. Xyoo 2021, qhov no yog lub lim tiam ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 8-14.

Kev lig kev cai ntawm kev ua koob tsheej nco txog lub caij ntuj no yog yam ntxwv ntawm Carnival pre-Lent festival rau ntau lub teb chaws Europe Catholic: lavish carnivals muaj nyob rau hauv ltalis thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab Eastern Europeans ua kev zoo siab rau peb hnub Celebrating Masopust, Czech koom pheej Crazy Carnival, zoo ib yam li Shrovetide.

Lub caij so zoo li cas

Feem ntau ntawm Maslenitsa kab lig kev cai yog txuam nrog pagan cults, tab sis tam sim no muaj coob tus neeg koom lub hnub caiv nrog pib ntawm Orthodox Great Lent. Keeb kwm ntawm Shrovetide piav qhia txog qhov txawv txawv no.

Yog vim li cas cov pagans ua kev zoo siab Shrovetide

Historians thiab folklorists muaj ob peb versions ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub hnub so. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb txuas Rybakov B. A. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, lub xyoo tshiab tuaj txog ntawm lub sijhawm no.

Raws li lwm version, Maslenitsa yog ib qho kev zoo nkauj liab, Lavxias teb sab braid Maslenitsa festivities tshwm sim ua tsaug rau cov kev ua koob tsheej nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Slavic vajtswv ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb thiab nyuj yug menyuam Veles. Lawv nyuam qhuav tshwm sim thaum lub Ob Hlis kawg. Hnub no, nws tau txais Kotovich O. V., Kruk I. I. Golden txoj cai ntawm pej xeem kab lis kev cai, 2014. ua noj pastries, thov Vajtswv rau ib tug nplua nuj sau, kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg thiab tsev neeg noj qab nyob zoo.

Kuj tseem muaj txoj kev xav tsaus ntuj los ntawm V. Ya. Propp. Lavxias Agrarian Holidays, 2000, raws li Maslenitsa yog hom kev ua koob tsheej nco txog. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm lub festive kev lis kev cai yam ntxwv ntawm Tryzna Trizna - ritual ua nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov tuag ntawm lub Slavs: mus saib toj ntxas, plentiful noj hmo thiab fistfights. Ua ntej pib lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov neeg tuag thiab thov kom lawv sau qoob loo zoo. Raws li kev ntseeg ntawm Slavs, lawv tau nyob hauv lwm lub ntiaj teb thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov av fertility.

Txawm hais tias txoj kev xav, nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias hnub so no nrog cov hauv paus hniav thaum ub tau nrov heev ntawm cov neeg thiab yeej ib txwm ua kev zoo siab. Cov lus pov thawj "Tsawg nteg koj tus kheej, tab sis siv Shrovetide" zoo heev qhia txog tus cwj pwm ntawm tib neeg rau kev ua koob tsheej.

Yuav ua li cas Shrovetide muaj feem xyuam rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv

Ritual hlawv ntawm effigies, puag ncig seev cev thiab plentiful noj mov tseem nyob rau ntau yam tseem ceeb ntawm hnub so. Thiab tag nrho cov no tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv. Kev koom tes ntawm Orthodox nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ua koob tsheej pagan raug rau txim los ntawm Cov Cai ntawm Cov Thwj Tim Dawb Huv thiab Ecumenical Councils nrog kev txhais lus, thiab cov pov thawj tuaj yeem raug defrocked rau qhov kev ua txhaum no. Tam sim no tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg ntseeg mus rau hnub so tau softened ntau, Cia peb tham txog Shrovetide, tab sis lawv tseem yaum kom tsis txhob koom nrog Shrovetide nrog cov ntseeg Vajtswv.

Lub lim tiam ua ntej Lent hu ua Cheese Week los ntawm Orthodox hauv Brockhaus thiab Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary Cheese Week. Nws txuas nrog tsis yog hnub so thiab kev lom zem, tab sis nrog kev hloov siab lees txim thiab abstinence. Lub sijhawm no, cov ntseeg yuav tsum npaj rau kev yoo mov: nyeem cov lus thov, mus koom kev pabcuam thiab tsis kam noj nqaij. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev noj haus thiab lub ntsiab ntawm cov protein rau lawv txhua lub lim tiam yog cov khoom siv mis nyuj - yog li nws lub npe.

Cov neeg txoj kev hlub rau Maslenitsa muaj zog heev uas cov hnub caiv tsis ploj mus, tab sis, raws li nws yog, superimposed rau Cheese Week txawm tias tom qab kev nthuav dav ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv Russia.

Yog vim li cas nws yog ib txwm ua noj pancakes rau Shrovetide

Txij li thaum yau, peb paub tias ib puag ncig thiab ruddy pancake cim lub hnub rov qab los tom qab lub caij ntuj no. Tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb xav txog Propp V. Ya. Russian Agrarian Holidays, 2000.tias qhov kev txhais dav dav no tsis muaj tseeb. Thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem teb nrog kev ntseeg siab vim li cas lub tais tau los ua lub ntsiab ntawm lub rooj festive.

Folklorists qhia VK Sokolov. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav-lub caij ntuj sov rites ntawm Russians, Ukrainians thiab Belarusians ntawm lub 19th - thaum ntxov 20th centuries, 1979, uas pancakes tsuas yog nrov thiab yooj yim ci khoom rau kev ua koob tsheej. Piv txwv li, lawv tau ua ib txwm npaj rau kev ua koob tsheej ntees tuag, uas kuj ua tim khawv txog qhov "memorial" txoj kev xav ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Maslenitsa. Txawm hais tias raws li kev cai qub, thawj Pancake pancake yog "rau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb": nws tau muab rau cov neeg pluag lossis tsuas yog muab tso rau ntawm lub qhov rais kom hwm cov neeg tuag.

Kovalev N. I. Russkaya Kulinariya, 1990. tsis nyias, tab sis tuab poov xab pancakes yog suav hais tias yog feem ntau Russians. Lawv feem ntau tau ua nrog buckwheat thiab rye hmoov.

Ua khob noom cookie rau festive pancakes yog tag nrho ritual. Hauv qee thaj chaw, I. N. Bozheryanov tau siv rau nws, Yuav ua li cas cov neeg Lavxias ua kev zoo siab thiab ua kev zoo siab Christmas, Xyoo Tshiab, Epiphany thiab Maslenitsa: keeb kwm kos duab, 1894. thawed snow. Cov hostesses kneaded lub khob noom cookie thaum hmo ntuj thiab, nrog kev pab los ntawm conspiracies, nug lub hli rau lub khob noom cookie kom tig tawm zoo kawg li.

Nws yog nthuav tias tsis yog txhua lub teb chaws Slavic ci pancakes ntawm Maslenitsa. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Belarus thiab Ukraine, SM Tolstaya yog molded rau lub rooj festive. Polesskiy pej xeem daim ntawv qhia hnub. M., xyoo 2005.

Yog vim li cas ib tug scarecrow hlawv ntawm Shrovetide

Lwm lub cim ntawm hnub so yog ib tug menyuam roj hmab straw, uas tau hlawv ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg thaum kawg ntawm lub lim tiam. Ib tug effigy ntawm Maslenitsa yog feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug poj niam, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv lub Vitebsk cheeb tsam lawv ua "Txiv yawg lub ntees tuag" rau hnub so - lub Belarusian rite ntawm thawj hnub ntawm Maslenitsa thiab yawg raug faus.

Ib tug menyuam roj hmab ua los ntawm cov quav cab thiab cov khoom seem yog dai kom zoo nkauj, hnav khaub ncaws qub thiab teem rau ntawm tus ncej siab. Thaum kawg ntawm Maslenitsa lub lim tiam, scarecrow raug hlawv lossis faus.

Zoo sib xws rituals muaj nyob rau hauv pej xeem festivals nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws nyob sab Europe. Raws li qee tus kws tshawb fawb Adonyev S. B. Ritual effigy: lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev coj noj coj ua, effigy personifies kev tuag thiab kev yug dua tshiab ntawm txhua qhov xwm txheej lossis ib qho tshwj xeeb - feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua liaj ua teb.

Txhua txhua xyoo, nrog rau qhov pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov laus, cov quav cab uas tsis siv lawm raug hlawv los ntawm VK Sokolova. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav-lub caij ntuj sov daim ntawv qhia hnub ntawm Russians, Ukrainians thiab Belarusians ntawm lub 19th - thaum ntxov 20th centuries, 1979, rov qab mus rau lub teb chaws. Thiab nyob rau hauv rov qab nws yuav tsum tau reborn thiab dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yog li ntawd, qee zaum cov seem ntawm cov effigy tau tawg los ntawm Frazer, J. Golden ceg, 1928. thoob plaws teb thiab muab tso rau hauv ib lub tawb rau tsiaj txhu kom cov qoob loo thiab cov xeeb ntxwv zoo dua.

Kuj tseem muaj txoj kev xav ntawm Adonyev S. B. Ritual effigy: lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev coj noj coj ua, raws li tus menyuam roj hmab suav tias yog lub caij ntuj no, dab phem, kev tuag thiab kab mob. Nws raug hlawv kom huv si thiab tshem tawm tag nrho cov teeb meem sib sau.

Yuav ua li cas siv lub lim tiam Maslenitsa

Maslenitsa muab faib Maslenitsa Sosnina N. N. Lavxias teb sab Ethnographic Tsev khaws puav pheej rau hauv nqaim thiab dav. Thawj zaug kav peb hnub thiab tau mob siab rau kev npaj rau hnub so, thiab lub thib ob yog tag nrho nrog kev ua koob tsheej thiab kev ua koob tsheej. Nws tsis raug lees paub los ua haujlwm ntawm Shrovetide dav. Rau txhua hnub muaj L. N. Lazareva Keeb Kwm thiab txoj kev xav ntawm hnub so, qee yam kab lig kev cai thiab rituals. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog ib qho yooj yim rov ua dua tam sim no.

Hnub Monday. Ib lub rooj sib tham

Nyob rau thawj hnub ntawm nqaim Maslenitsa, lawv tau npaj tag nrho lub lim tiam: lawv txiav txim siab tias leej twg yuav mus xyuas leej twg thiab thaum twg, nyob rau hauv lub koob tsheej twg lawv yuav koom. Hnub Monday, lawv pib ua noj ua haus, ua tsiaj txhu, ua viav vias, daus swb thiab lwm yam kev lom zem hnub so.

Tuesday. Flirt

Hnub Tuesday, txhua leej txhua tus tau nqis los thiab noj su nrog pancakes thiab khoom qab zib. Thaum cov kev lom zem no, cov tub ntxhais hluas tab tom nrhiav ib nkawm niam txiv thiab sib yuav ob peb lub hlis.

Hnub Wednesday. Gourmet

Hnub kawg ntawm lub nqaim Maslenitsa, nws yog kev cai los noj hmo nrog tus poj niam niam. Niam tais kho nws tus vauv thiab lwm tus txheeb ze. Cov hostesses sim ua kom pom lawv cov txuj ci ua noj thiab muab ntau yam pancakes sib txawv ntawm lub rooj li sai tau. Lawv tau txais kev pabcuam qaub cream, caviar, zib ntab, jams hauv tsev thiab lwm yam ntim.

Hnub Thursday. Taug kev

Ib lub lim tiam Pancake dav pib. Hnub Thursday yog lub cim tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm hauv tsev. Txhua hnub tib neeg tsuas muaj kev lom zem: lawv ua si snowballs, mus rau kev ncaj ncees, seev cev hauv lub voj voog, kev sib tw nees thiab kev sib tw kis las. Lub climax yog lub capture ntawm lub nroog daus.

Hnub Friday. Niam tais yav tsaus ntuj

Hnub thib tsib, kev ua koob tsheej nrov nrov me ntsis. Feem ntau cov tub ntxhais hluas tseem nyob hauv cov squares thiab fairs. Tus so pib mus xyuas lawv cov txheeb ze. Hnub no tus niam tais nrog phooj ywg tuaj txog ntawm tus vauv tsev, nws yuav tsum teem ib lub rooj siab dawb rau nws.

Hnub Saturday. Kwv tij sib sau ua ke

Kev sib txuas lus nrog cov txheeb ze txuas ntxiv rau hnub Saturday. Tam sim no nws tus txiv tus muam thiab nws cov phooj ywg tau tos lawv. Kev sib sau hnub Saturday yog ib qho kev sim rau tus ntxhais hluas: cov qhua tau soj ntsuam nws ua noj zoo npaum li cas thiab seb nws puas paub yuav ua li cas sib tham. Nyob rau hnub no, nws kuj yog ib txwm coj los pauv khoom plig me me.

Hnub Sunday. Kev zam txim hnub Sunday

Hnub Sunday, lawv tau hloov siab lees txim thiab thov kev zam txim rau qhov ua tsis ncaj ncees uas tau ua rau tag nrho lub xyoo. Qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm hnub kawg ntawm Maslenitsa yog qhov kub hnyiab ntawm effigy. Tej yam qub txeeg qub teg thiab tej zaub mov seem raug xa mus rau qhov hluav taws kub nrog nws. Cov pancakes tsis tau kov thiab pies yuav tsum tau muab tawm los yog hlawv. Nws yog ib qho kev phem uas tsuas yog muab cov zaub mov pov tseg xwb. Nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj, lawv mus xyuas cov toj ntxas ua kev nco txog cov neeg tuag, thiab tau da dej.