Kev yooj yim metropolis: qhov twg yuav nyob zoo hauv Moscow

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Kev yooj yim hauv kev nkag siab ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub nyob hauv nroog loj yog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, tsim kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab txuag lub sij hawm txhua hnub, nyob ze rau qhov chaw thiab ntsiag to. Thiab tseem, ntawm chav kawm, kev zoo nkauj thiab style. Yuav ua li cas lub nroog nyiam tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog npaj thiab dab tsi Moscow coj los ntawm lawv - peb xam tawm qhov teeb meem ua ke nrog urbanists (thiab xaiv qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab capital).

Peb tau sau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws txog lub neej hauv lub nroog niaj hnub no.

Kev nplij siab hauv nroog yog dab tsi?

"Muaj ntau lub sijhawm", "Koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau nyiaj zoo", "Cov menyuam yaus yuav tau txais kev kawm zoo" - qhov no yog cov neeg teb thaum lawv nug tias vim li cas lawv txiav txim siab tsiv tawm ntawm lub nroog me mus rau hauv nroog loj. Cov lus teb no tuaj yeem ua ke ua ib qho: nws yooj yim dua los nyob hauv nroog loj.

Ib puag ncig zoo hauv nroog yog tsim los ntawm tsib yam:

• nyiaj txiag stability;
• lub xeev zoo ntawm ib puag ncig;
• kev nkag tau ntawm kev kawm;
• kev siv tau ntawm kev kho mob;
• tsim infrastructure.

Cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov nroog uas nyiam tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yog txhua xyoo - 140 qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua rau thawj qhov chaw (thiab lub sijhawm nkag mus rau tsawg kawg yog nees nkaum sab saum toj). Nws tsis yog hais txog koob meej - nkag mus rau hauv qhov ntsuas (EIU) lossis tso cai rau cov nroog sib tw los nyiam kev nqis peev, koom ua ke cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab cov peev txheej ntawm tib neeg.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov kev ntsuas zoo li no yog ua si los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov peev txheej ntuj hauv nroog - thaj chaw ntsuab, huab cua thiab dej tsis zoo, qib ntawm cov av paug.

Alexander Akishin urbanist thiab ib puag ncig psychologist

Kev noj qab haus huv ib puag ncig yog ib qho ntawm ob yam tseem ceeb (kev ruaj ntseg nyiaj txiag lwm yam) rau cov nroog twg tau txais cov qhab nia siab tshaj plaws. Hauv 2018 thiab 2019, Vienna tau ua thawj qhov chaw hauv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas - thiab ob lub sijhawm huab cua zoo ntawm no tau kwv yees ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 25 cov ntsiab lus. Lub kaum sab saum toj kuj suav nrog Sydney, Melbourne, Tokyo, Toronto thiab lwm lub nroog.

Moscow tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 68th qhov chaw, tab sis urbanists ntseeg hais tias xws li ib tug tsawg txoj hauj lwm tej zaum yuav yog vim tsis muaj pob tshab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv: thoob ntiaj teb kev sab laj cov koom haum tsis yeej ib txwm tswj los mus kawm qhov tseeb txheeb cais uas ntsuas kev nplij siab hauv nroog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab capital. Kuj tseem muaj xov xwm zoo: cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau suav nrog Moscow hauv cov npe ntawm cov chaw nyob uas nws qhov kev nplij siab tau nce ntau dua li tsib xyoos dhau los.

Psychology hauv nroog loj

Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg nyob hauv nroog tau tham txog qhov tseeb tias cov neeg nyob hauv nroog loj tsis paub lawv cov neeg nyob ze. Nws hloov tawm tias qhov tsis muaj peev xwm xav tias "zoo li ib qho" hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm nws tus kheej ua rau muaj kev xav tsis zoo thiab muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau ntxiv. Qhov tseeb no manifests nws tus kheej litmus xeem nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tseem ceeb kev sib raug zoo txheej txheem thiab nyob rau hauv pop kab lis kev cai: loj musicians hu nkauj txog kev kho siab ntawm cov inhabitants ntawm lub nroog thiab lub heroines ntawm lub series "Sex thiab lub nroog" tham txog nws.

Tab sis yuav ua li cas ua phooj ywg rau ib tug neeg laus uas nws cov peev txheej tseem ceeb yog lub sijhawm? Koj tsis nce mus rau cov neeg txawv ntawm txoj kev tsuas yog tham.

Urbanist thiab psychologist Alexander Akishin ntseeg hais tias lub multifunctionality ntawm niaj hnub vaj tse yuav pab daws tau qhov teeb meem no. Raws li nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nyob, qhov chaw hauv pem teb ntawm cov tsev yog nyob ntawm cafes, ceg txhab nyiaj, chaw kho mob thiab lwm yam kev pab cuam, thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm qib kindergarten nyob deb ntawm kev taug kev.

"Multifunctionality tseem ceeb heev rau kev sib raug zoo," Akishin hais. "Nws ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib lub zej zog, thiab tseem tso cai rau ib tug neeg tsis txhob nkim sij hawm rau qhov hu ua "mus rau lub nroog" - mus rau qhov chaw uas cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb thiab cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb. Tag nrho cov no yuav pab txhim kho lub neej zoo."

Pom pom thiab pom tsis pom architecture: ob yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev nplij siab

Ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev nplij siab rau tus neeg niaj hnub no yog qhov no: nws yuav tsum nyob ntsiag to. Vim li cas niaj hnub? Vim hais tias ua ntej kev lag luam kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv Western Europe nyob rau hauv lub 18th thiab 19th centuries, lub nroog txoj kev twb kuj ntsiag to: factories tsis rumble, thiab tom qab ntawd, tsheb thiab tsheb ciav hlau.

Kev ntsuas lub suab nrov thiab ua haujlwm nrog nws tau pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. Tam sim no qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm tib neeg tau kawm los ntawm ib puag ncig kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab nws twb paub tias suab nrov provokes kev ntxhov siab.

Suab nrov - txawm hais tias nws nyob ntsiag to, tab sis ambient, uas yog, "dawb" - ua tau tas li loads peb lub paj hlwb, yuam peb los soj ntsuam lub suab "tawm". Qhov no cuam tshuam rau kev pw tsaug zog zoo, muaj peev xwm so, mloog zoo rau kev ua haujlwm - thiab thaum kawg cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub neej. Thiab lub nroog raug yuam kom them cov nqi kho mob: tib neeg feem ntau mus ntsib kws kho mob, so kom mob.

Alexander Akishin

Raws li cov qauv kev huv huv, lub suab nrov hauv lub tsev nyob yog 40-45 dB thaum nruab hnub thiab tsis tshaj 35 dB hmo ntuj. Tau kawg, nws tsis zoo li tias koj yuav tuaj yeem ua tiav kev nplij siab hauv 24 teev, tab sis koj tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ntxhov siab: piv txwv li, los ntawm kev txo lub sijhawm siv rau kev mus ua haujlwm thiab nyiam ua haujlwm.

Lub tsev nyob tsuas yog 10 km ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Moscow, ntawm "ntsuab kob", uas nyob 15 hectares ntawm cov tiaj ua si Kolomenskoye, Tyufeleva Roshcha thiab Nagatinskaya Poima. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tsis tas yuav nkim sij hawm mus rau qhov chaw uas koj tuaj yeem khiav lossis caij tsheb kauj vab.

Tsis tas li ntawd, rau cov neeg nyob hauv txoj kev, chaw nres tsheb hauv av tau muab, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv tau yooj yim European lub tswv yim ntawm "lub tshav puam tsis muaj tsheb" - xws li hauv Vienna lossis Tokyo. Thiab tseem - kev zoo nkauj nyob ib ncig ntawm. Txawm hais tias rau cov neeg uas tsis xav txog lawv tus kheej yog qhov pom, lub sijhawm los saib kev zoo nkauj yog qhov tseem ceeb: nws yog qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm lawv tus kheej chav tsev, lub tsev vaj tsev, lossis kev pom dej ntawm lub qhov rais. Alexander Akishin hais tias "Qhov no tso cai rau ib tug neeg los tsim kev xav ntawm kev sib txuas rau qhov chaw, saib xyuas nws," Alexander Akishin hais. "Thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm lub neej txhua hnub."