Vim li cas monosodium glutamate tsis txaus ntshai li tib neeg xav

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Qee cov zaub mov yuav tsum tsis txhob zam qhov tseeb vim tias muaj cov khoom noj ntxiv hauv lawv.

110 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Xya Hli 25, 1908, Japanese chemist Ikeda Kikunae tau ua ntawv thov nrog Cov Keeb Kwm ntawm Ajinomoto Group daim ntawv thov patent rau kev tsim cov monosodium glutamate, ib yam khoom uas nws cais tawm ntawm kombu seaweed nrov hauv Japanese cuisine. Txij thaum ntawd los, monosodium glutamate tau siv los ua kev noj haus ntxiv uas muab cov zaub mov rau umami - saj ntawm cov khoom noj muaj protein ntau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tshuaj ntxiv nws tus kheej tsis muaj lub koob npe zoo tshaj plaws. Peb nco qab txog keeb kwm ntawm cov tsos ntawm monosodium glutamate thiab xyuas seb nws puas tsim nyog ntshai.

Raws li kev lig kev cai, txij li thaum Antiquity, muaj plaub yam kev saj uas paub qhov txawv ntawm ib tug neeg thiab nws cov saj (los ntawm txoj kev, tsis cais, raws li feem ntau qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis ua ke), thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj. cov khoom thiab lawv cov kev cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg lub cev. Yog li, cov qaub saj yog txiav txim siab los ntawm acidity ntawm cov khoom, lub qab ntsev saj yog xav ua tsaug rau cov ions ntawm sodium thiab ib co lwm yam hlau (nyob rau hauv cov neeg - lub rooj ntsev), uas yog perceived los ntawm cov receptors ntawm ion channels nyob rau hauv lub cev. tus nplaig, thiab ua kom cov receptors cuam tshuam nrog G-proteins yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev hnov qab qab zib - thiab cov txheej txheem tib yam yog lub luag haujlwm rau lub iab saj.

Nws yog qhov xav paub tias ntau pua xyoo neeg tau hnov dua lwm, thib tsib saj, uas tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia lossis npe mus txog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Txhua yam hloov pauv ua tsaug rau Japanese chemist Ikeda Kikunae, uas ua haujlwm hauv University of Tokyo thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau xav txog qhov saj ntawm dashi broth, uas yog siv los ua lub hauv paus rau ntau yam Japanese tais diav: nws tuaj yeem piav qhia tias "mos", qab ntsev, tab sis tsis qab ntsev thiab tsis zoo li ib qho ntawm plaub yam saj.

Kev lig kev cai, dashi yog tsim los ntawm kombu kelp (Laminaria japonica); Ikeda tau hais tias cov khoom tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kombu, uas ua rau nws saj tshwj xeeb. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau tswj kom rho tawm glutamic acid - dawb crystalline hmoov, tsw tsw. Ikeda hu ua nws saj umami (los ntawm 旨味 - "zoo siab"): yog tias koj tsis nco qab nws tawm ntawm tus puav, cov qauv zoo ntawm cov khoom noj umami yog parmesan thiab soy sauce.

Txhawm rau siv glutamic acid rau kev lag luam, Ikeda synthesized ntsev, monosodium glutamate, los ntawm cov kua mis thiab hom qoob mog, uas nws tam sim ntawd tau txais patent. Thaum xyoo 1920, lub tuam txhab Nyij Pooj Ajinomoto tau pib ua lag luam ntawm monosodium glutamate (thawj ua ib qho kev sib cais) thaum xyoo 1920s (hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm Ikeda).

Txij thaum ntawd los, glutamic acid ntsev tau raug hu ua kev noj haus ntxiv E621, los yog MSG (rau monosodium glutamate), thiab siv feem ntau yog "flavor and aroma enhancers". Hauv Nyij Pooj thiab lwm lub tebchaws Esxias, monosodium glutamate yog siv los muab cov khoom noj uas "umami" saj, tab sis nyob rau hauv Western lub teb chaws, suav nrog Russia, cov additives, hmoov tsis, tsis muaj lub koob npe nrov tshaj plaws.

Cia peb xav txog ib qho kev mus ncig rau lub khw. Cov neeg siv khoom tau nthuav tawm nrog ob lub thawv ntawm blueberry yogurt los ntawm ob lub tuam txhab sib txawv. Thawj tus neeg yuav khoom yuav nug tus nqi thiab nqa lub thawv nrog tus nqi qis dua. Tus neeg yuav khoom thib ob yuav xyuam xim rau cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov khoom ntawm daim ntawv lo: nws qhov kev xaiv yuav raug txiav txim siab los ntawm cov lus "natural", "bifidobacteria" thiab "muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntuj" - txawm tias cov yogurt yuav kim dua me ntsis. Qhov thib peb tus neeg yuav khoom, qhov zoo tshaj plaws scrupulous thiab xav tau, yuav tig mus rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, xyuas nws rau "naturalness". Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau to taub dab tsi raws nraim "naturalness" txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tab sis feem ntau cov neeg tab tom nrhiav rau "E-shki" nyob rau hauv lub composition ntawm cov khoom - khoom noj khoom haus additives siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov yogurt, cov npe uas muaj nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv. E thiab ntau tus lej. Nws yog feem ntau ntseeg hais tias qhov tsawg muaj, qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom yog ntuj.

Hauv kev nkag siab yooj yim, tus neeg thib peb yuav yog txoj cai xaiv yogurt nrog tsawg kawg ntawm cov khoom noj ntxiv. Qhov tseeb, kev tsim khoom noj niaj hnub tsis tshua muaj yam tsis muaj kev siv nyiaj ntxiv. Qhov no, txawm li cas los xij, tsis tau txhais hais tias txhua yam khoom yog "khoom nrog chemistry" thiab hais tias txhawm rau tshem tawm lub cev ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob, koj yuav tsum tau tsiv mus rau ib lub zos.

Piv txwv li, feem ntau cov khoom noj ntxiv ntawm thawj qeb (dyes) yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom xyaw ntuj - piv txwv li, daj-txiv kab ntxwv dyes E100, curcumin, tau los ntawm turmeric.

Lub monosodium glutamate code yog rau thiab belongs rau pab pawg ntawm tsw thiab aroma enhancers. Yog li ntawd, kev ntseeg siab nyob rau hauv nws yog tsawg dua nyob rau hauv dyes: qhov nruab nrab cov neeg siv khoom tsis ib txwm to taub yog vim li cas nws yog tsim nyog los "hloov lub saj" thiab yog vim li cas txi lub pristine naturalness ntawm cov khoom rau qhov no. Qhov kev tsis ntseeg ntawm monosodium glutamate yog ntxiv los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws yog kev cai rau lub siab los ua ib qho kev nyiam ntawm lub ntsiab, feem ntau hauv cov teb chaws Esxias lossis hauv cov teb chaws Europe thiab Amelikas. Nyob rau hauv Russia, tsuas yog ob peb tus tau hnov txog nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, monosodium glutamate feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv seasoning uas tuaj nrog instant noodles (feem ntau yuav yog vim Japanese kab lig kev cai) thiab ntau yam khoom noj txom ncauj xws li chips thiab crackers, uas tsis suav hais tias noj qab nyob zoo.

Qhov tseeb, yog tias koj tshem tawm tag nrho koj cov khoom noj khoom haus uas muaj npe E621, mus rau ib lub zos nyob deb nroog thiab noj zaub los ntawm lub vaj thiab mis nyuj los ntawm hauv qab nyuj, koj tseem yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tshem tawm glutamic acid hauv lub cev.

Ntxiv mus, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua nyob rau hauv txoj cai. Ua ntej, glutamic acid (thiab los ntawm nws, raws li peb nco ntsoov, monosodium glutamate tau txais) yog ib qho ntawm nees nkaum amino acids uas tsim cov proteins. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws muaj tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov protein (ob leeg ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag keeb kwm), tab sis kuj ntawm nws tus kheej synthesized los ntawm lub cev. Endogenous glutamic acid yog ib qho ntawm cov excitatory neurotransmitters uas ua kom muaj ntau tus neeg txais kev noj qab haus huv hauv lub cev nqaij daim tawv, suav nrog, piv txwv li, NMDA receptors, uas nws qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob hlwb thiab mob, nrog rau kev kho mob kev nyuaj siab thiab schizophrenia.

Glutamic acid, tau los ntawm cov khoom xyaw ntuj, tau tawg los ntawm lub cev tib yam li cov kua qaub ntxiv. Ntxiv mus, qhov no yog tib yam khoom, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntsev - kom zoo dua dissolution.

Qhov txawv tsuas yog vim muaj cov sodium ions, me ntsis ntsev saj yog ntxiv rau umami saj.

Glutamic acid yog ib qho tsis tseem ceeb acid: ntxiv rau kev tsim los ntawm lub cev ntawm nws tus kheej, nws cov khoom ntau dhau hauv lub cev raug rhuav tshem.

Raws li rau ntau tshaj ntawm monosodium glutamate, nws tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub Codex Alimentarius (txoj cai ntawm cov khoom noj thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv) tsis muaj ib qho kev qhia txog qhov pom zoo koob tshuaj (tsis zoo li, los ntawm txoj kev, ntsev thiab suab thaj.). Tau kawg, MSG muaj koob tshuaj tuag: kev sim ntawm nas tau pom Cov Khoom Siv Lub Npe: Monosodium glutamate tias ib nrab-tsawg koob tshuaj ntawm glutamate yog kwv yees li 16 grams ib kilogram ntawm lub cev qhov hnyav. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los xam tias rau ib tug neeg hnyav 70 kilograms, ib koob zoo sib xws yog ntau tshaj li ib kilogram ntawm ntshiab monosodium glutamate. Hauv lwm lo lus, kom tuag los ntawm kev noj ntau dhau ntawm glutamate, ib tus neeg yuav tsum tau noj txog ob tons ntawm daim tawv nqaij hauv ib qho zaum: koj yuav feem ntau yuav tuag los ntawm kev ntshaw sai dua los ntawm ntau dhau ntawm "kev phom sij".

Tias yog vim li cas nws tsis tsim nyog los thuam ib yam khoom noj kom meej vim tias muaj monosodium glutamate hauv nws, xav tias nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua yam teeb meem. Koj tuaj yeem thuam thiab thuam, piv txwv li, lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo: nqaij qaib, spinach, txiv lws suav, sardines thiab koj lub cev. Noj chips thiab instant noodles tseem tsis pom zoo - tab sis vim yog qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov as-ham, thiab tsis yog vim lawv saj umami.