Yuav ua li cas los ua tus xa khoom ntawm tsoomfwv cov neeg siv khoom

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Txhua xyoo, cov tuam txhab nyiaj txiag yuav khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam loj heev. Ntxiv mus, 15% ntawm lawv cov kev yuav khoom yuav tsum koom nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov lag luam me. Tsoomfwv kev yuav khoom twb tau pab ntau tus neeg ua lag luam los nthuav lawv lub khw muag khoom. Thiab rau cov neeg uas raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev koom nrog kev sib tw vim tsis muaj ntaub ntawv, peb muab phau ntawv qhia 11-point.

Peb nyuam qhuav qhia tawm ib tsab xov xwm los ntawm qhov koj tau kawm txog leej twg thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj paub txog kev lag luam yam tsis tau sau npe. Niaj hnub no peb xav qhia rau koj ib tsab xov xwm los ntawm Marina Savukova, tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov kev pab cuam tshawb "". Marina yuav qhia koj yuav ua li cas los ua tus xa khoom rau tsoomfwv cov neeg siv khoom.

Yam khoom 1. Xyuas seb lub tuam txhab puas ua raws li kev cai lij choj

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias tus neeg muag khoom tsis muaj nuj nqis hauv se, nqi thiab kev txiav txim siab rau kev ua txhaum cai hauv kev lag luam. Lub tuam txhab yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob rau hauv theem ntawm kev lag luam thiab liquidation.

Tsis yog qhov loj ntawm lub tuam txhab lossis hom kev cai lij choj yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tsuas yog qee zaum cov neeg siv khoom tau teeb tsa tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li, kom muaj cov ntawv tso cai, ntawv pov thawj thiab kev pom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj twb tau ua lag luam, ces koj paub tias cov kev pabcuam twg yuav raug tso cai yuav tsum tau ua.

Point 2. Pib tshawb nrhiav

Txhawm rau ntsuam xyuas tsoomfwv cov khw muag khoom, koj tuaj yeem siv lub vev xaib tseemfwv kev yuav khoom lossis kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb. Lub vev xaib raug cai tsis muaj txoj haujlwm ua rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntawv ceeb toom tau yooj yim dua (dua li, nws tsis muaj sijhawm), yog li ntawd, cov peev txheej tau nquag txhim kho uas nws yooj yim dua rau kev ua haujlwm:

• Kev tshawb nrhiav meej dua yog teeb tsa;
• koj tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv rau kev xaiv ntawm kev yuav khoom;
• nqa cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ntawv ceeb toom rau hauv ib lub rooj;
• txheeb xyuas kev yuav khoom thiab lwm yam.

Point 3. Txheeb xyuas cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg sib tw

Pom qee qhov kev yuav khoom txaus siab rau koj tus kheej? Ua yam tsawg kawg me ntsis kev tshuaj xyuas. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog nrhiav txhua qhov kev yuav khoom tso los ntawm tus neeg siv khoom siv tus neeg siv khoom tus lej se. Saib cov txiaj ntsig: ntawm tus nqi dab tsi tau yeej, leej twg yog leej twg? Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab tus nqi sib tw rau koj cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam, ntsuas lub sijhawm ntawm kev yeej qhov kev yuav khoom ntawm ib tus neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb. Yog tias muaj ntau qhov kev tsis txaus siab tawm tsam nws mus rau Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Antimonopoly Service, tib tus neeg muag khoom feem ntau yeej, cov nqi ntawm cov ntawv cog lus kos npe zoo li tsis tsim nyog siab lossis qis, nws yog qhov zoo dua los hla nws qhov kev yuav khoom los ntawm tog.

Point 4. Txiav txim siab: koom lossis tsis koom

Ib zaug ntxiv, ua tib zoo kawm cov ntaub ntawv kev yuav khoom, daim ntawv cog lus, ntsuas koj lub peev xwm thiab tus nqi uas koj tuaj yeem muab rau hauv daim ntawv thov (lossis qhov uas koj tuaj yeem txo qis thaum lub sijhawm sib tw). Yog tias koj muaj lus nug, koj muaj cai xa daim ntawv thov kom meej txog cov kev cai ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev yuav khoom mus rau lub xeev cov neeg siv khoom. Koj puas tau npaj koom nrog? Xa koj daim ntawv thov.

Cov kev sib tw nrov tshaj plaws ntawm kev yuav khoom yog:

• Auction. Nws tus yeej yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib tw hluav taws xob rau qhov kev tshaj tawm zoo tshaj plaws. Tus nqi muab xa tuaj thaum lub sijhawm sib tw thiab tuaj yeem hloov ntau zaus. Lub auction yog tuav hauv hluav taws xob nkaus xwb (saib nqe lus 6).
• Kev sib tw. Tus yeej ntawm no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntsiab lus raws li ntau yam (piv txwv li, tus nqi, nqe lus, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov kev txiav txim tiav lawm, kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo, kev khiav hauj lwm thiab kho cov nqi, kev tsim nyog ntawm cov neeg koom nrog kev yuav khoom). Cov qauv no yog txiav txim los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab tau teev tseg hauv cov kev xav tau.
• Thov rau quotes. Nyob rau hauv nws, cov qauv tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv tus yeej yog tus nqi. Tus nqi muab yog xa ib zaug ua ntej pib qhov kev sib tw. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom xam tam sim tus nqi qis tshaj.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg siv khoom muaj cai yuav qee yam khoom los ntawm ib tus neeg muag khoom. Nws tseem tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus neeg muag khoom nkaus xwb hauv kev sib tw, yog tias thaum lub sijhawm xaiv tus yeej tag nrho lwm qhov kev twv tau raug tsis lees paub (lossis lawv tsuas yog tsis nyob ntawd). Tom qab ntawd tus neeg siv khoom, hauv kev pom zoo nrog cov neeg saib xyuas, tuaj yeem kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nrog ib tus neeg koom nrog.

Yam khoom 5. Xa daim ntawv thov kev ruaj ntseg rau kev koom nrog hauv kev sib tw hluav taws xob thiab kev sib tw

Los ntawm cov neeg koom nrog cov txheej txheem no, cov neeg siv khoom hauv xeev xav tau nyiaj txiag lav tias tus yeej yuav kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus. Qhov kev tso nyiaj ruaj ntseg (nyiaj ntsuab los yog lub txhab nyiaj lav) yog li ntawm 0.5 mus rau 5% ntawm thawj tus nqi qis kawg nkaus. Qhov tso nyiaj tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab tsuas yog ob pawg ntawm cov neeg koom nrog:

• tus yeej koom, yog nws deviated los ntawm qhov xaus ntawm daim ntawv cog lus;
• rau tus neeg koom nrog, yog tias lub sijhawm ib lub hlis twg ntawm qhov thib ob ntawm nws daim ntawv thov peb tsis tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho lwm yam, cov deposit yog refunded.

Nqe 6. Xa koj daim ntawv thov ua ntej hnub kawg

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv, daim ntawv thov yuav tsum muab xa mus rau tus neeg muas zaub nyob rau hauv ib lub hnab ntawv kaw (los ntawm courier, xa ntawv, nyob rau hauv tib neeg). Hauv hom hluav taws xob - rub tawm los ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob (ETP) los ntawm kev kos npe nrog kos npe hauv hluav taws xob.

Yog tias koj koom nrog cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob, koj yuav xav tau:

• Tau txais daim ntawv kos npe hauv hluav taws xob los ntawm lub chaw muab ntawv pov thawj. Ib qho tsis tsim nyog kos npe hauv hluav taws xob yog siv rau kev lag luam.
• Teeb tsa chaw ua haujlwm. Qhia meej txog yuav ua li cas kev teeb tsa tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv pov thawj txoj cai uas tau muab daim ntawv pov thawj kos npe.
• Dhau qhov kev lees paub ntawm ETP qhov chaw sib tw. Cov kev cai ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv yuav txawv, yog li koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo nyeem lawv.
• Xa daim ntawv thov hluav taws xob hauv ETP.

Nqe Lus 7. Tsis txhob plam lub sijhawm teem sijhawm ntawm kev sib tw

Thaum tuav qhov kev sib tw qhib lossis thov cov lus hais, ib qho kev sib sau ua ke ntawm ib hnub, uas qhib txhua lub hnab ntawv thiab txiav txim siab tus yeej. Kev xaiv yuav ua raws li cov txheej txheem teev tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv yuav khoom lossis ntawm tus nqi qis tshaj plaws. Txhua tus neeg tuaj koom muaj txoj cai tuaj koom thaum qhib lub hnab ntawv nrog cov ntawv thov.

Thaum ua qhov kev sib tw hauv hluav taws xob, koj yuav tsum tau txais kev nkag mus koom nrog nws. Qhov no tshwm sim tom qab tus neeg siv khoom tau txiav txim siab thawj ntu ntawm daim ntawv thov. Tom qab tau txais kev nkag mus rau hnub uas tau teev tseg, koj yuav tsum tau mus rau qhov chaw sib tw ntawm lub vev xaib hluav taws xob qhov chaw yuav khoom thiab xa koj cov nqi muab.

Taw tes 8. Tos rau qhov tshwm sim

Kev xaiv 1. Koj yeej. Hauv qhov no, mus rau kauj ruam 10.

Kev xaiv 2. Koj tsis tau yeej. Nco ntsoov txheeb xyuas qhov kev yuav khoom tiav. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem kev sib tw raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai No. 44-FZ, cov txheej txheem kawg tau tshaj tawm rau hauv lub vev xaib raug cai ntawm kev yuav khoom hauv pej xeem lossis hauv cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb (saib nqe 2). Lawv qhia tias leej twg tau los ua tus yeej thiab nrog pes tsawg daim ntawv cog lus. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav pab kom nkag siab qhov twg ntawm cov neeg sib tw yuav koom nrog hauv kev ua tiav ntawm daim ntawv cog lus rau yav tom ntej, thiab kho tus nqi muab rau kev koom tes hauv kev yuav khoom tom ntej.

Kev xaiv 3. Koj tsis yeej, tab sis koj ua tiav thib ob. Tsis txhob so. Nws tshwm sim tias tus neeg siv khoom tsis lees txais daim ntawv thov ntawm tus neeg koom nrog qhov kev sib tw vim qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov thib ob ntawm daim ntawv thov (nws tsis muaj daim ntawv pov thawj xav tau lossis kev lees paub). Qhov no txhais tau tias koj cia li dhau los ua thawj.

Txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv kev sib tw muaj lub sijhawm los thov nws cov txiaj ntsig mus rau Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Antimonopoly Service. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev yuav khoom yuav raug muab tshem tawm yog tias qhov kev tsis txaus siab raug pom tias muaj kev ncaj ncees.

Nqe 9. Thaum koom nrog kev sib tw lossis kev sib tw, nkag mus rau kev ruaj ntseg rau daim ntawv cog lus

Raws li txoj cai lij choj, tus yeej ntawm cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum muaj kev ruaj ntseg nyiaj txiag rau kev ua tiav ntawm daim ntawv cog lus los ntawm kev muab lub txhab nyiaj lav lossis xa nyiaj ntsuab rau tus neeg siv khoom tus account. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ntiag tug yog los ntawm 5 mus rau 30% ntawm thawj tus nqi siab tshaj plaws.

Thaum lub Peb Hlis Ntuj xyoo 2015, tsoomfwv Lavxias tau pom zoo rau ntau qhov xwm txheej raws li cov neeg siv khoom muaj cai tsis thov kev ruaj ntseg rau daim ntawv cog lus. Txoj cai lij choj siv rau cov koom haum tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov lag luam me.

Nqe 10. Kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus

Tus yeej yuav tsum tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau lub sij hawm uas tau teev tseg los ntawm txoj cai lij choj thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, muab kev ruaj ntseg rau nws qhov kev siv (saib nqe 9). Daim ntawv cog lus yog kos npe rau ntawm daim ntawv. Qhov tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog kev sib tw hauv hluav taws xob: qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nrog kos npe hluav taws xob hauv kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev lag luam platform uas qhov kev sib tw tau tuav.

Yam 11. Ua kom tiav daim ntawv cog lus thiab tau txais kev them nyiaj

Tom qab kev ruaj ntseg tau ua tiav thiab kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tseem nyob - ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, lub sijhawm thiab qhov zoo ntawm kev pabcuam lossis kev xa khoom. Tom qab kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus ua tiav, tus neeg muag khoom tau them nyiaj rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev nyab xeeb raug xa rov qab (yog tias nyob rau theem ntawm kev kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nws tau muab rau hauv daim ntawv nyiaj ntsuab).

Yog tias koj tau txheeb xyuas koj lub peev xwm thiab pom muaj ntau yam txaus nyiam, pib koom nrog kev yuav khoom rau pej xeem. Yog tias koj tseem tsis tau ntseeg koj lub peev xwm, tsuas yog ua raws li kev ua lag luam: kawm kev yuav khoom tshiab, tus nqi ntawm cov neeg koom nrog yeej. Txawm hais tias niaj hnub no zoo li tsis muaj txoj hauv kev yeej, tag kis txhua yam tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv koj qhov kev nyiam: cov neeg sib tw yuav tsis khoom ua tiav qhov kev txiav txim, thiab koj qhov kev thov yuav dhau los ua ib qho yeej.