Stem cells yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas lawv thiaj xav tau?

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Lawv tuaj yeem dhau los ua ib daim ntawv qhia rau cov hluas nyob mus ib txhis. Yog science tuaj yeem teb qee cov lus nug.

Stem cells yog dab tsi?

Ua ntej, ob peb lub hauv paus. Lub hlwb, cov leeg, cov kabmob sab hauv los ntawm lub plawv mus rau ob lub raum, pob txha, tawv nqaij - tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm peb lub cev yog tsim los ntawm cov hlwb. Tab sis lawv txawv heev ntawm ib leeg. "Muscle" tsis tuaj yeem hloov cov pob txha ntawm tes. "Hepatic" yuav tsis ua cerebral. Cov hlwb uas ua rau lub raum yog txawv kiag li ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Muaj tsuas yog ib yam uas koom ua ke lawv: lawv tag nrho ib zaug hloov zuj zus los ntawm qia hlwb: lawv yog dab tsi thiab lawv ua dab tsi (tsis txawv, "undefined") hlwb.

Stem cells yog dab tsi tom qab kev xeeb tub embryo yog tsim los ntawm nws qhov ntxov tshaj plaws Embryonic Stem Cells theem ntawm kev loj hlob.

Tom qab implantation rau hauv lub tsev me nyuam, lub embryo pib nquag tsim. Thaum lub sijhawm no, cov hlwb tsis txawv yog "txhais". Qee tus ntawm lawv dhau los ua cov hlwb ntawm lub paj hlwb, lwm tus pib tsim cov pob txha, thiab tseem muaj lwm tus - cov kabmob sab hauv.

Qhov tseeb, qia hlwb yog cov khoom siv raw los ntawm cov kab mob uas tsuas yog nascent ua tiav nws lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg, tig los ntawm cov zygote me me rau hauv me nyuam.

Vim li cas thiaj muaj ntau tham txog cov qia hlwb?

Cov qia hlwb tuaj yeem raug hu ua tib yam "cov ntsiav tshuaj khawv koob" rau txhua yam kab mob. Thiab tsis yog xwb.

Txhua yam ntawm peb lub cev tuaj yeem loj hlob los ntawm lawv. Yog tias koj rhuav koj txhais caj npab, qia hlwb yuav pab kho cov pob txha, ua rau nws cov hluas, muaj zog thiab noj qab nyob zoo dua - ib yam li thaum koj tseem hluas, txawm tias koj laus dua. Yog tias koj muaj cirrhosis ntawm daim siab, qia hlwb yuav loj hlob hepatocytes tshiab, thiab lub cev yuav ua haujlwm zoo li tshiab. Tib yam siv rau cov teeb meem nrog rau lwm yam hauv nruab nrog cev, cov leeg, cov hlab ntsha.

Stem Cells kwv yees tias muaj ib hnub, qia hlwb yuav muaj peev xwm kov yeej Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, txha caj qaum raug mob, plawv tsis ua hauj lwm, ntshav qab zib thiab mob caj dab.

Undifferentiated cells ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom lub cev rov zoo dua txhua lub sijhawm: los ntawm lub plawv, pob txha, qhov muag, hniav mus rau daim tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau.

Cov kev tshawb fawb uas kawm txog txoj hauv kev siv cov qia hlwb hu ua cov tshuaj kho dua tshiab Stem cells: lawv yog dab tsi thiab lawv ua dab tsi (tseem hu ua qia cell therapy).

Tsuas yog embryos muaj qia hlwb?

Tsis muaj. Muaj Stem cells: Lawv yog dab tsi thiab lawv ua li cas plaub hom qia hlwb, txawv hauv keeb kwm thiab muaj peev xwm.

1. Embryonic qia hlwb

Lawv yog tsim los ntawm embryos txog 3-5 hnub tom qab fertilization ntawm lub qe. Nyob rau theem no, lub embryo hu ua blastocyst. Nws muaj txog 150 hlwb.

Cov no yog cov qia hlwb ntau yam: lawv tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus ntawm txhua lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg.

2. Cov neeg laus qia hlwb

Txhua tus neeg muaj lawv. Muaj tseeb, hauv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog kom loj hlob hlwb tshiab kom rov zoo los ntawm ntau hom kev puas tsuaj. Muaj ib tug tee ntawm qia hlwb nyob rau hauv lub plawv, lub siab, lub raum. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha thiab cov ntaub so ntswg adipose.

Lub downside ntawm hom no yog tsawg versatility. Yav dhau los, cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau ntseeg tias cov neeg laus cov hlwb muaj peev xwm hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev uas lawv nyob. Piv txwv li, cov uas pom nyob rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha tsuas tuaj yeem ua rau cov qe ntshav. Tom qab ntawd nws tau pom tias cov khoom siv los ntawm cov pob txha pob txha tuaj yeem tsim cov pob txha lossis cov leeg hlwb. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb tseem tab tom ua tiav, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tseem nyob deb ntawm ib txwm muaj peev xwm tig cov neeg laus qia hlwb rau hauv cov khoom ntawm lub cev xav tau.

3. Induced stem cells (ISC)

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm paub yuav ua li cas hloov cov hlwb zoo tib yam rau hauv cov qia hlwb - siv cov tshuaj genetic reprogramming. Piv txwv li, cov hlwb uas tau txais los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas tau hloov mus rau hauv lub plawv hlwb. Cov kev sim ntawm cov tsiaj uas muaj lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm tau pom tias ISCs ua tau zoo rau lub plawv thiab ua kom lub neej ntev.

Tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev sim rau tib neeg.

4. Perinatal qia hlwb

Qhov no yog lub npe rau cov hlwb tsis sib xws uas tau pom hauv cov ntshav qaum thiab cov kua dej amniotic (kua amniotic). Tsis muaj ntau ntawm lawv, tab sis lawv kuj muaj peev xwm hloov mus rau yuav luag txhua lub hlwb tshwj xeeb.

Puas yog Regenerative Medicine twb ua haujlwm lawm?

Cia peb hais tias: nquag sim. Piv txwv li, qee qhov haujlwm tshwj xeeb Yuav Ua Li Cas Stem Cells Ua Haujlwm? tias qia cell kho tiag tiag pab rau kev kho mob ntawm kev raug mob thiab kab mob ntawm cov musculoskeletal system - osteoarthritis, tendon thiab ligament ruptures, lumbar disc degeneration, tsis kho cov pob txha raug mob.

Ib qho ntxiv, kev siv tshuaj kho dua tshiab yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qia hlwb (los yog cov pob txha pob txha hloov). Cov txheej txheem no yog siv los ntawm Stem cells: Lawv yog dab tsi thiab lawv ua dab tsi rau qee hom mob qog noj ntshav: leukemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, ntau yam myeloma. Rau kev hloov pauv, cov neeg laus qia hlwb los ntawm tus neeg pub dawb lossis tau txais los ntawm cov hlab ntsha hlab ntsha yog siv. Lawv hloov cov pob txha pob txha ntawm tus neeg mob uas tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kws khomob lossis mob.

Tab sis kev tshawb fawb qia cell tseem tsis tu ncua V. NIH txhawb kev tshawb fawb qia cell li cas? … Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj regenerative tseem tsis tau nthuav dav. Thiab muaj feem yuav tsis yog.

Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov zais cia ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nyob mus ib txhis thiab kev noj qab haus huv tau pom, nws tseem tsuas yog kho nws?

Stem cell therapy yog qhov kev kho mob zoo heev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam teeb meem nrog Stem cells: lawv yog dab tsi thiab lawv ua dab tsi.

• Undifferentiated hlwb, tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm ib tug neeg laus, ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tsis tau tsuas yog cov hlwb noj qab haus huv, tab sis kuj cov neeg uas muaj pathologies. Tus neeg mob laus dua, qhov kev pheej hmoo siab dua.
• Tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob qee zaum overreacts rau cov neeg pub cov qia hlwb. Lub cev tawm tsam "invaders", thiab qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv.
• Cov kab mob embryonic yog suav tias yog ntau yam thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws. Tab sis yuav ua li cas tib neeg siv tib neeg embryos (txawm tias cov uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub raj kuaj tshwj xeeb rau kev kho mob), tsis yog cov kws tshawb fawb, los yog kws kho mob, thiab tib neeg tag nrho tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab.

Nws yuav muaj peev xwm tham txog kev siv tshuaj kho dua tshiab tsuas yog tom qab kev tshawb fawb pom cov lus teb rau cov lus nug. Tab sis qhov no tseem yog txoj hauv kev ntev.