Yuav qhia tus menyuam nyeem li cas: cov cai tseem ceeb thiab cov tswv yim zoo

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Kev qhia tus menyuam kawm ntawv preschool nyeem yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev txaus siab hauv phau ntawv yog qhov tiag. Lifehacker tau xaiv txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau cov niam txiv lub luag haujlwm.

Yuav ua li cas paub thaum nws yog lub sij hawm: cov cim qhia ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws npaj

1. Tus menyuam hais lus tau zoo thiab nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tau hais.
2. Tus menyuam paub qhov txawv ntawm lub suab (cov kws kho hais lus hu ua kev hnov lus zoo li cas). Cias muab, tus me nyuam yuav yooj yim to taub los ntawm pob ntseg qhov twg lub tsev thiab hneev yog, thiab qhov twg tom thiab lub hatch.
3. Koj tus menyuam hais txhua lub suab thiab tsis muaj teebmeem kev hais lus.
4. Tus menyuam nkag siab cov lus qhia: sab laug-txoj cai, nce-down. Cia peb tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus uas cov neeg laus feem ntau tsis meej pem sab laug thiab sab xis. Rau kev kawm nyeem, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tus me nyuam ua raws li cov ntawv nyeem ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis thiab los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab.

8 txoj cai los qhia koj tus menyuam nyeem

Ua piv txwv

Hauv tsev neeg uas muaj kab lis kev cai thiab kev nyeem ntawv, cov menyuam yaus lawv tus kheej yuav raug kos rau hauv phau ntawv. Nyeem tsis yog vim nws tsim nyog thiab muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis vim nws yog rau koj txaus siab.

Nyeem ua ke thiab sib tham

Koj nyeem nrov nrov thiab tom qab ntawd saib daim duab ua ke, txhawb kom tus menyuam sib tham nrog phau ntawv: “Leej twg yog tus kos? Qhia tus miv pob ntseg? Thiab leej twg yog tus sawv ntawm ib sab ntawm nws? Cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem nug cov lus nug nyuaj dua: “Vim li cas nws thiaj ua li no? Koj xav tias yuav muaj dabtsi tshwm sim tom ntej no?”

Mus ntawm yooj yim mus rau complex

Pib nrog cov suab, ces txav mus rau cov lus. Cia thawj lo lus yog cov lus uas muaj cov lus rov qab: ma-ma, pa-pa, dya-dya, nya-nya. Tom qab lawv, txav mus rau ntau qhov sib xyaw ua ke: to-t, zhu-k, to-m.

Qhia tias cov ntawv nyob txhua qhov chaw

Ua si. Cia tus me nyuam nrhiav cov ntawv uas nyob ib puag ncig nws ntawm txoj kev thiab hauv tsev. Cov no yog cov npe ntawm cov khw muag khoom, thiab cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm, thiab txawm tias cov xov xwm teeb pom kev zoo: nws tshwm sim tias cov ntawv sau "Mus" teeb rau ntsuab, thiab "Tsib vib nas this" liab.

Ua si

Ua si dua. Quav lub voos xwmfab nrog cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov suab, ua cov lus, hais kom koj tus menyuam nyeem koj ib co kos npe lossis kos npe rau ntawm lub ntim hauv khw.

Siv txhua lub sijhawm los cob qhia

Txawm hais tias koj tab tom zaum hauv kab hauv tsev kho mob lossis tsav tsheb mus rau qhov chaw, muab ib phau ntawv nrog cov duab thiab cov dab neeg luv luv rau lawv thiab caw koj tus menyuam los nyeem ua ke.

Tsim koj txoj kev vam meej

Rov ua dua cov ntawv paub, nrhiav cov npe nrov uas twb muaj lawm hauv cov dab neeg tshiab. Lub runaway hare tuaj yeem pom ob qho tib si hauv Teremka thiab Kolobok.

Txhob yuam

Tej zaum qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Tsis txhob muab tshem tawm ntawm tus menyuam nws thaum yau. Kev kawm yuav tsum tsis txhob dhau kev nruj kev tsiv thiab kua muag.

6 cov txheej txheem kuaj lub sijhawm

ABCs thiab primers

Kev lig kev cai, tab sis txoj kev ntev tshaj plaws. Qhov txawv ntawm cov phau ntawv no yog cov tsiaj ntawv kho txhua tsab ntawv nrog ib daim duab mnemonic: lub nruas yuav raug kos rau ntawm nplooj B, thiab yula yuav kos ib sab ntawm Yu. Cov tsiaj ntawv pab kom nco qab cov tsiaj ntawv thiab - feem ntau - nthuav cov lus sib dhos, tab sis nws yuav tsis qhia koj nyeem li cas.

Tus primer qhia tus menyuam kom sib txuas cov suab rau hauv cov suab lus, thiab cov suab lus rau hauv cov lus. Cov txheej txheem no tsis yooj yim thiab yuav tsum tau ua siab ntev.

Tam sim no muaj ntau tus kws sau ntawv primers. Raws li cov phau ntawv ntawm Nadezhda Betenkova, Vseslav Goretsky, Dmitry Fonin, Natalia Pavlova, cov menyuam tuaj yeem kawm ob leeg nrog lawv niam lawv txiv ua ntej tsev kawm ntawv thiab thawj qib.

Cov niam txiv pom zoo tias ib qho ntawm cov kev nkag siab zoo tshaj plaws rau kev qhia cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool yog Nadezhda Zhukova tus primer. Tus kws sau ntawv tsuas piav txog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws rau tus menyuam: yuav ua li cas hloov cov tsiaj ntawv ua suab, nyeem ma-ma, thiab tsis pib sau ib tus tsiaj ntawv me-a-me-a.

Zaitsev Cubes

Yog hais tias, thaum kawm los ntawm primer, tus me nyuam ua raws cov ntawv thiab cov suab lus, ces nyob rau hauv 52 Zaitsev cubes nws tau txais kev nkag mus rau txhua yam nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm: ib tsab ntawv los yog ua ke ntawm ib tug consonant thiab vowel, consonant thiab ib tug nyuaj los yog mos kos npe rau.

Tus menyuam kawm ntawv tsis muaj kev sib txawv ntawm lub suab tsis muaj suab thiab lub suab, vim hais tias lub voos xwmfab uas tsis muaj suab npe tau ntim nrog cov ntoo, thiab lub voos xwmfab nrog cov suab lus muaj cov hlau.

Cov cubes kuj txawv ntawm qhov loj. Cov loj loj qhia txog cov khoom lag luam, cov me me - cov muag muag. Tus sau ntawm cov txheej txheem piav qhia qhov no los ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaum peb hais rau (khoom khov khov), lub qhov ncauj qhib dav, tsis yog (mos warehouse) - daim di ncauj hauv ib nrab luag.

Cov txheej txheem suav nrog cov rooj nrog cov tsev khaws khoom, uas niam txiv hu nkauj (yog, tsis hais, tab sis hu nkauj) rau nws tus menyuam.

Tus menyuam kawm ntawv sai sai hauv tsev kawm ntawv kev nyeem ntawv nrog kev pab ntawm cov cubes, tab sis tej zaum yuav pib nqos qhov xaus thiab yuav ntsib cov teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv thaum parsing cov lus hauv kev sib xyaw.

"Warehouses" thiab "Teremki" los ntawm Vyacheslav Voskobovich

Nyob rau hauv Skladushki, Vyacheslav Voskobovich reworked Zaitsev lub tswv yim: ntawm 21 phaib, tag nrho cov warehouses ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus tau nthuav tawm nrog zoo nkauj thematic duab. Cov txheej txheem suav nrog CD nrog cov nkauj, cov nkauj uas nyob hauv txhua daim duab.

Cov folds zoo haum rau cov menyuam yaus uas nyiam saib duab. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog lub sijhawm los tham nrog tus menyuam tias tus menyuam miv nyob qhov twg, tus menyuam dev ua dab tsi, qhov twg cov kab ya mus.

Koj tuaj yeem qhia tus menyuam siv daim npav no txij li hnub nyoog peb xyoos. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tus sau ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis xav txog nws tsim nyog los yuam kev loj hlob thaum ntxov.

Voskobovich's "Teremki" muaj 12 lub voos xwmfab nrog cov cim thiab 12 daim duab los qhia nrog cov lus. Ua ntej, tus me nyuam tau paub txog cov tsiaj ntawv thiab sim, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov niam txiv, tuaj nrog cov lus uas pib nrog txhua tus tsiaj ntawv.

Tom qab ntawd nws yog lub sijhawm los kawm cov lus. A yog muab tso rau hauv lub pej thuam nrog tsab ntawv M - thiab thawj lub suab tau txais. Koj tuaj yeem tso cov lus tawm ntawm ob peb lub tsev. Kev kawm yog nyob ntawm qhov kev ua si. Yog li, thaum hloov lub suab, lub tsev yuav tig mus ua pa taws.

Koj tuaj yeem pib ua si teremki txij thaum muaj hnub nyoog ob xyoos. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov niam txiv yuav tsis nyob ib leeg nrog lub cubes: cov txheej txheem suav nrog phau ntawv nrog cov lus piav qhia ntxaws txog cov txheej txheem thiab cov kev xaiv rau kev ua si.

Dynamic Chaplygin cubes

Evgeny Chaplygin phau ntawv muaj xws li 10 cubes thiab 10 movable blocks. Txhua lub dynamic block muaj ib tug consonant thiab vowel khub. Tus me nyuam txoj hauj lwm yog tig lub qhov cub thiab nrhiav ib khub.

Thaum pib, ib yam li lwm txoj hauv kev qhia kev nyeem ntawv hauv warehouses, tus menyuam ua cov lus yooj yim tshaj plaws los ntawm cov lus rov hais dua: ma-ma, pa-pa, ba-ba. Cov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub cev muaj zog pab kom nco tau sai sai ntawm cov ntawv sau, thiab kev tshawb nrhiav cov lus uas twb paub dhau los hloov mus ua qhov kev ua si zoo siab. Ib phau ntawv txuas nrog rau cov kab nrog cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov lus uas tuaj yeem tsim tau.

Lub hnub nyoog zoo rau kev cob qhia yog 4-5 xyoos. Koj tuaj yeem pib ua ntej, tab sis tsuas yog hauv hom kev ua si.

Doman daim npav

Tus kws kho mob Asmeskas Glenn Doman qhia cov menyuam yaus tsis yog ib tus tsiaj ntawv lossis cov suab lus, tab sis tag nrho cov lus. Cov niam txiv npe thiab qhia tus menyuam cov lus ntawm daim npav rau 1-2 vib nas this. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus menyuam tsis tas yuav rov hais dua qhov nws tau hnov.

Cov chav kawm pib nrog 15 daim npav nrog cov ntsiab lus yooj yim zoo li niam thiab txiv. Maj mam, tus naj npawb ntawm cov lus nce, cov uas twb kawm lawm tawm hauv lub teeb, thiab tus me nyuam pib kawm cov kab lus: piv txwv li, xim + khoom, loj + khoom.

Yuav ua li cas to taub tias tus me nyuam to taub thiab nco txog cov duab pom ntawm lo lus, yog tias tus sau ntawm txoj kev pom zoo kom pib cov chav kawm txij thaum yug los? Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas cov niam txiv saib xyuas hauv kev sim ua kom tus me nyuam ntse tshaj, tsim kho, tshaj plaws-feem ntau.

Glenn Doman nyob rau hauv "Hammonious Development of the Child" qhia meej tias tsis tas yuav npaj cov kev xeem thiab kev xeem rau tus menyuam: cov menyuam tsis nyiam qhov no thiab tsis txaus siab rau cov chav kawm.

Zoo dua kom nco ntsoov 50 daim npav ntawm 100 tshaj 10 tawm ntawm 10.

Glenn Doman

Tab sis yog tias cov niam txiv tsis tuaj yeem pab tab sis kuaj xyuas, nws qhia, yog tias tus menyuam xav tau thiab npaj mus ua si. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem muab ob peb daim npav thiab nug kom nqa ib lossis taw tes rau nws.

Niaj hnub no, psychologists, neurophysiologists thiab pediatricians pom zoo tias Doman txoj kev yog tsom tsis rau kev qhia nyeem ntawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv mechanically nco txog cov duab ntawm cov lus. Tus me nyuam hloov mus ua ib yam khoom ntawm kev kawm thiab yuav luag tsis muaj lub sijhawm los kawm ib yam dab tsi ntawm nws tus kheej.

Nws tseem tsim nyog ntxiv: txhawm rau mus rau theem ntawm kev nyeem ntawv raws li Doman, cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau npaj daim npav nrog tag nrho cov lus (!) uas pom hauv ib phau ntawv tshwj xeeb.

6. Nyeem ntawv hauv Montessori

Kev nyeem ntawv hauv Montessori mus los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws: thawj zaug peb sau thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd peb nyeem. Cov ntawv yog tib cov duab, yog li ua ntej koj yuav tsum kawm kos lawv thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd xyaum hais lus thiab nyeem ntawv. Cov menyuam yaus pib los ntawm kev taug qab thiab cov ntawv shading, yog li lawv nco lawv cov style. Thaum ob peb lub vowels thiab consonants tau kawm, lawv txav mus rau thawj lo lus yooj yim.

Kev saib xyuas ntau yog them rau cov khoom siv tactile, yog li cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem kov cov tsiaj ntawv, txiav tawm ntawm daim ntawv ntxhib lossis velvety.

Tus nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem yog nyob rau hauv kev kawm los ntawm kev ua si. Yog li, koj tuaj yeem sau ib tsab ntawv ntxhib thiab lub phaj nrog semolina nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tus me nyuam thiab hais tias koj thawj lub voj voog ntawm koj tus ntiv tes, thiab tom qab ntawd rov ua qhov no ntawm semolina.

Nyuaj rau cov niam txiv - yuav los yog npaj ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv qhia.

cov lus xaus

Hauv Is Taws Nem thiab hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm tshaj tawm "kev txhim kho", koj yuav tau muab cov txheej txheem niaj hnub ntawm kev qhia tus menyuam nyeem thaum peb, ob xyoos, lossis txawm tias yug los. Tab sis cia peb ua qhov tseeb: niam zoo siab xav tau ib xyoos, tsis yog kev loj hlob.

Cov lus dab neeg hais tias nws lig dhau lawm tom qab peb tau ruaj khov rau hauv lub siab thiab lub siab ntawm cov niam txiv nkees thiab nquag txhawb nqa los ntawm cov neeg lag luam.

Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm cov txheej txheem tag nrho yog ib qho hais tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm zoo tshaj plaws rau tus menyuam yog los ntawm kev ua si, thiab tsis yog los ntawm cov chav kawm uas niam txiv ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus tswj hwm nruj. Koj tus pab cuam tseem ceeb hauv kev kawm yog qhov xav paub ntawm tus menyuam nws tus kheej.

Qee cov menyuam yaus yuav kawm tau rau lub hlis thiab pib nyeem ntawv ntawm peb, lwm tus yuav tsum tau tos ob peb xyoos los kawm hauv ib hlis xwb. Pib los ntawm qhov nyiam ntawm tus menyuam. Yog tias nws nyiam phau ntawv thiab duab, primers thiab "Warehouses" yuav tuaj cawm. Yog hais tias nws yog ib tug fidget, ces cubes thiab lub Montessori system yuav pab tau.

Kev kawm nyeem yog yooj yim thiab nyuaj tib lub sijhawm. Yog tias koj tus menyuam feem ntau pom koj nrog ib phau ntawv, koj tau tsim ib qho kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev nyeem ntawv ua ntej yuav mus pw, koj yuav ua rau koj tus menyuam nyiam nyeem ntawv yuav nce ntxiv.

Qhia rau peb hauv cov lus qhia seb koj qhia nyeem li cas thiab cov phau ntawv nyiam uas koj cov menyuam muaj.