Yuav ua li cas rau npe LLC koj tus kheej

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Ib qho kev qhia rau cov neeg uas xav pib ua lag luam yam tsis muaj tus neeg nruab nrab thiab cov nqi tsis tsim nyog.

LLC yog dab tsi

Lub tuam txhab txwv kev lav phib xaub (LLC) yog ib hom kev lag luam uas muaj npe raws cai. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nws yog ib tug tag nrho-fledged tuam txhab uas muag: nws muaj cov neeg ua hauj lwm, chaw nyob raws li txoj cai thiab ib tug bank account. LLC raug tso cai koom nrog txhua yam kev ua ub no, tsis zoo li tus neeg ua lag luam, uas tsis tuaj yeem tsim cawv, riam phom thiab tshuaj, lossis koom nrog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev nqis peev.

Ib qho LLC tuaj yeem qhib los ntawm ib tus neeg lossis ob peb - txog li 50 tus tsim nyob rau hauv tag nrho.

Yog tias muaj ntau tshaj ib tus tsim hauv ib lub zej zog, lawv txiav txim siab los ntawm kev pov npav. Thiab cov nyiaj tau los Tshooj 28. Kev faib tawm ntawm lub tuam txhab cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm lub tuam txhab tau txais kev faib ua feem rau lawv cov peev txheej lossis raws li kev pom zoo.

Yog tias muaj ib yam dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm thiab kev lag luam poob, cov tswv cuab ntawm lub tuam txhab feem ntau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm Tshooj 2. Cov kev cai tseem ceeb ntawm cov tuam txhab kev lav phib xaub tsis yog tus kheej, tab sis cov cuab yeej ntawm lub koom haum: khoos phis tawj, rooj tog, kev thauj mus los thiab nyiaj txiag ntawm lub tuam txhab. tus account. Tab sis yog tias cov nuj nqis loj, lub tsev hais plaub tuaj yeem sau cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm tus tsim kom them rau nws.

Kev sau npe rau LLC yog qhov nyuaj dua li kev tso npe tus neeg ua lag luam, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm ua tau koj tus kheej.

Yuav ua li cas rau npe LLC

1. Tuaj nrog lub npe ntawm lub koom haum

Cov thawj coj pom zoo ua ntej ntawm lub npe ruaj khov Tshooj 4. Lub npe ruaj khov ntawm lub tuam txhab thiab nws qhov chaw nyob. Lub npe tseem ceeb ntawm lub tuam txhab yuav tsum yog tag nrho thiab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab: Limited Liability Company "Crystal". Nws yuav siv tau rau hauv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv thiab luam ntawv.

Lub koom haum kuj tseem muaj lub npe luv luv ntxiv hauv Lavxias - Crystal LLC, tag nrho lossis luv luv lub npe ua txawv teb chaws lossis hom lus ntawm cov neeg ntawm Lavxias Federation - Crystal Limited Liability Company lossis Crystal LLC. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, mus txog rau rau kev xaiv, noj mus rau hauv tus account lub ntsiab ib. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb, piv txwv li, yog tias lub tuam txhab npaj yuav ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg txawv teb chaws.

2. Muab qhov chaw nyob raws cai

Raws li qhov chaw nyob raws li txoj cai (lossis qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub tuam txhab), lub tuam txhab yuav raug sau npe nrog lub tuam txhab se hauv cheeb tsam, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev soj ntsuam se yuav tuaj ntawm no.

Koj tuaj yeem sau npe qhov chaw nyob raws cai:

• Nyob rau hauv peb tus kheej qhov chaw tsis nyob. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav xav tau ib daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua tswv cuab: daim ntawv pov thawj tshwj xeeb lossis cov ntawv rho tawm los ntawm USRN. Ib daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj lossis daim ntawv luam nrog kev nthuav qhia ntawm tus thawj yuav ua.
• Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw xauj. Koj yuav xav tau tus tswv txoj kev tso cai siv qhov chaw nyob los sau npe LLC, xws li tsab ntawv lav lossis daim ntawv cog lus. Daim ntawv lav yog kos rau hauv daim ntawv dawb.
• Chaw nyob. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua tswv cuab ntawm chav tsev thiab kev tso cai los ntawm lwm tus tswv kom tso npe rau LLC hauv nws, yog tias muaj ob peb ntawm lawv.

Qee lub tuam txhab kev cai lij choj muab kev xauj tsev, tab sis qhov no yog lub tswv yim phem.

Lub chaw lis haujlwm se yuav tsis sau npe rau lub tuam txhab yog tias qhov chaw nyob zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg lossis twb muaj ntau lub koom haum raug cai ntawm nws.

Thiab cov tsev txhab nyiaj thiab cov neeg koom tes - tsis kam qhib ib tus account tam sim no lossis kev koom tes rau tib qho laj thawj. Rau kev muab cov ntaub ntawv tsis tseeb txog qhov chaw nyob, lub tuam txhab raug nplua ntawm Txoj Cai Tswjfwm Kev Ua txhaum cai ntawm Lavxias Federation, tsab xov xwm 14.25. Ua txhaum txoj cai lij choj ntawm lub xeev sau npe ntawm cov koom haum raug cai thiab cov neeg ua lag luam - 5-10 txhiab rubles.

Yog tias lub tuam txhab txiav txim siab hloov qhov chaw nyob, nws yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov chaw tshiab hauv Charter ntawm lub tuam txhab thiab Unified State Register of Legal Entities (USRLE). Feem ntau, lub xeev yuav siv lub luag haujlwm rau qhov no los ntawm Txoj Cai Se Se ntawm Lavxias Federation, tsab xov xwm 333.33. Qhov loj ntawm lub xeev tus nqi rau kev sau npe hauv lub xeev, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lwm yam tseem ceeb raug cai - 800 rubles.

3. Xaiv cov lej ua haujlwm

Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv All-Lavxias Classifier ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Kev Lag Luam - OKVED. Xaiv cov cai tseem ceeb thiab ob peb yam ntxiv, yog tias tsim nyog, thiab nkag mus rau hauv daim ntawv thov rau npe ntawm ib lub koom haum raug cai. Txhua tus lej yuav tsum yog plaub tus lej, thiab tag nrho cov lej tsis txwv.

Marina txiav txim siab los xaws lub tsho tiv no, tab sis txoj cai "14 - Kev tsim cov khaub ncaws" yuav tsis ua haujlwm: dav dhau. Koj yuav tsum xaiv tus lej tshwj xeeb "14.13 - Kev tsim khoom ntawm lwm cov khaub ncaws sab nraud" thiab qhia tias nws yog qhov tseem ceeb. Yog tias Marina tseem xav kho cov khoom, nws yuav tsum tau coj tus lej ntxiv "95.29 - Kho lwm yam khoom ntiag tug thiab tsev neeg".

Qee hom kev ua ub no ntawm LLC tej zaum yuav yog Tshooj 12. Cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm uas cov ntawv tso cai yuav tsum tau koom nrog tsuas yog daim ntawv tso cai tshwj xeeb - daim ntawv tso cai. Piv txwv li, tsim thiab ntim cawv, thauj neeg, thiab xa tshuaj. Koj tuaj yeem thov thiab tau txais daim ntawv tso cai ntawm chav tso cai ntawm koj cheeb tsam - lawv cov neeg sib cuag tau yooj yim nrhiav hauv Is Taws Nem. Piv txwv li, Moscow Licensing Chamber ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub peev, thiab Lub Chaw Tso Cai Tso Cai hauv St.

Qee hom ntawv tso cai tuaj yeem tau txais online. Piv txwv li, thov daim ntawv tso cai tsim cov cawv ntawm lub vev xaib ntawm cov kev pabcuam pej xeem.

4. Xaiv ib txoj kev them se

Yuav siv nyiaj npaum li cas rau cov se nyob ntawm qhov no. LLC tuaj yeem xaiv ib qho ntawm plaub txoj kev them se.

• General taxation system (OSN, OSNO). Lub koom haum them peb hom se: ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm Tax Code ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, tsab xov xwm 373. Cov neeg them se, ntawm cov nyiaj tau los thiab VAT ntawm Tax Code ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, tsab xov xwm 143. Cov neeg them se. Tus nqi se ntawm cov nyiaj tau los yog 20%. VAT tus nqi - 20%, 10% ntawm cov se Code ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, tsab xov xwm 164. Cov nqi se los yog 0% ntawm cov se Code ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, tsab xov xwm 164. Cov nqi se rau cov khoom ntawm cov khoom nyiam, piv txwv li, menyuam yaus. Tus nqi se vaj tse yog teem los ntawm cheeb tsam, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem ntau dua 2.2% ntawm RF Tax Code, kab lus 380. Tus nqi se. OSN yog tsim rau cov lag luam loj nrog ntau dua 100 tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov nyiaj tau los ntawm ntau dua 150 lab rubles ib xyoos.
• Simplified taxation system (STS). Lub koom haum them se Code ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, tsab xov xwm 346.14. Cov khoom ntawm kev them se yog ib qho se - ntawm cov nyiaj tau los lossis nyiaj tau los. Kev them nyiaj tsuas yog ua tau los ntawm cov nyiaj tau los - ntawm tus nqi ntawm 6% ntawm se Code ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, tsab xov xwm 346.20. Cov nqi se lossis qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nyiaj tau los thiab cov nuj nqis - ntawm tus nqi ntawm 15%. Cov txheej txheem se yooj yim yog tsim rau cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab, tsis hais hom kev ua haujlwm li cas. Tab sis lub koom haum yuav tsum ntiav txog 100 tus neeg, thiab cov nyiaj tau los yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 150 lab ntawm Cov Cai Se ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, tsab xov xwm 346.13. Cov txheej txheem thiab cov xwm txheej rau kev pib thiab kev txiav tawm ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov txheej txheem se yooj yim rau rubles ib xyoos.
• Unified Agricultural Tax (UAT). Tsuas yog cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tuaj yeem siv qhov kev sau se no. Lawv them se Code ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, tsab xov xwm 346.4. Cov khoom ntawm kev them se yog cov nyiaj tau los ntawm tus nqi ntawm 6% ntawm se Code ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, tsab xov xwm 346.8. Tus nqi se.
• Unified tax on imputed income (UTII). Nrog UTII ntawm Kev Ua Se Code ntawm Lavxias Federation, tsab xov xwm 346.29. Cov khoom ntawm kev sau se thiab se hauv paus, lub koom haum tsuas yog them se ntawm cov nyiaj tau los kwv yees ntawm lub tuam txhab - los ntawm 7.5 mus rau 15%. Tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem siv UTII, tab sis, piv txwv li, khw muag khoom lossis chaw ua noj. Ua kom tiav cov npe Tshooj 346.26. Cov kev cai dav dav ntawm hom kev ua ub no uas poob hauv UTII tau muab rau hauv Tax Code. Cov cheeb tsam tuaj yeem tshem tawm qee qhov ntawm lawv raws li lawv pom zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, UTII tsis siv tau hauv Moscow.

Txhua hom muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Ua ntej xaiv ib qho kev sau se, sab laj nrog tus accountant.

Thaum sau npe rau LLC, OCH tau nkag mus rau hauv kev quab yuam.

Lawv hloov mus rau lub simplified se system ib txhij nrog rau kev sau npe ntawm ib tug raws li txoj cai - rau qhov no lawv sau ntawv ceeb toom rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm se.

Txhawm rau hloov mus rau Unified Agricultural Tax, lub tuam txhab tshiab kuj tseem xa ib daim ntawv ceeb toom tshwj xeeb rau cov tub ceev xwm se. Yog tias lub tuam txhab twb muaj lawm, nws muaj txoj cai hloov txoj cai tsuas yog txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo.

Hloov mus rau UTII tau tso cai los ntawm Txoj Cai Se Se ntawm Lavxias Federation, tsab xov xwm 346.28. Cov neeg them se txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo calendar. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum xa daim ntawv thov hauv daim ntawv ENVD-1.

Koj tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau OSN txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo tom ntej lossis thaum lub tuam txhab cov nyiaj tau los tshaj 150 lab rubles.

5. Them lub xeev tus nqi

Nws yog tus se Code ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, tsab xov xwm 333.33. Qhov loj ntawm lub xeev tus nqi rau kev sau npe hauv lub xeev, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lwm yam tseem ceeb raug cai yog 4,000 rubles. Koj tuaj yeem tsim tau daim ntawv txais nyiaj online hauv qhov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb ntawm lub vev xaib ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Se Kev Pabcuam (FTS) lossis tau txais los ntawm lub chaw lis haujlwm se. Them - ntawm lub vev xaib ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Pabcuam Se, ntawm MFC lossis lub txhab nyiaj.

Yog hais tias muaj ntau tus tsim, txhua tus ntawm lawv tshuav nqi se Code ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, tsab xov xwm 333.18. Cov txheej txheem thiab cov nqe lus them nqi ntawm lub xeev Them koj feem ntawm ib daim ntawv txais nyiaj. Ob tus tsim yuav muab 2,000 rubles txhua, peb - 1,334 rubles txhua.

Koj tsis tuaj yeem them lub xeev lub luag haujlwm rau FTS ntawm Russia yog tias koj sau npe LLC ntawm FTS lub vev xaib thiab siv kos npe hauv hluav taws xob. Lossis yog tias koj xa cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm tus neeg sau ntawv lossis MFC.

6. Thov sau npe nrog cov se

Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau tus kheej - ntawm lub chaw ua se lossis MFC, hauv online - ntawm FTS lub vev xaib lossis xa ntawv xa mus rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub chaw ua se.

Txhawm rau tso npe rau LLC, yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no Tshooj 12. Cov ntaub ntawv xa tuaj thaum lub xeev sau npe ntawm ib lub koom haum raug cai yuav raug tsim:

• Daim ntawv thov rau npe ntawm ib lub koom haum raug cai (Р11001). Lub npe ntawm lub tuam txhab, qhov chaw nyob raws li txoj cai thiab qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov peev txheej (qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yog 10 txhiab rubles), cov ntaub ntawv hla tebchaws thiab TIN ntawm txhua tus tsim, OKVED cov lej tau qhia ntawm no. Daim ntawv thov tuaj yeem sau rau ntawm FTS lub vev xaib thiab luam tawm. Ua ntej coj mus rau lub chaw ua se, ua tib zoo xyuas nws kom tsis raug thiab typos.
• Kev txiav txim siab los tsim ib lub koom haum raug cai. Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv ntxhib ntawm txoj cai.
• Txoj cai lij choj charter. Hauv nws, cov neeg koom nrog pom zoo rau cov cai Tshooj 8. Cov cai ntawm cov koom nrog hauv tuam txhab, cov luag num Tshooj 9. Cov luag num ntawm cov koom nrog hauv tuam txhab thiab lwm yam kev ua lag luam. Lub npe, lub koom haum thiab kev cai lij choj daim ntawv thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub koom haum raws li txoj cai, cov txheej txheem rau kev tswj cov kev ua ub no thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv kuj qhia. Tshooj 12. Charter ntawm lub tuam txhab. Lub charter yog ua nyob rau hauv ob daim ntawv luam. Nov yog cov qauv kev cai lij choj rau LLC.
• Daim ntawv txais nyiaj them lub xeev lub luag haujlwm.
• Daim ntawv thov rau kev hloov mus rau qhov yooj yim taxation system (STS), yog tias tsim nyog.

Txhawm rau xa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kheej, coj lawv mus rau lub chaw lis haujlwm se lossis MFC. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav xav tau cov ntaub ntawv lees paub qhov chaw nyob raws li txoj cai: ib daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua tswv cuab ntawm thaj chaw (yog tias koj yog tus tswv), thiab tsab ntawv lav lossis daim ntawv cog lus xauj tsev (yog tias koj tsis muaj koj tus kheej qhov chaw).

Txhua tus tsim yuav tsum tuaj thiab kos npe rau nqe lus nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug neeg soj ntsuam.

Yog hais tias ib tug ntawm cov founders tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau hnub uas tau teem tseg, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau txhua tus ua tiav daim ntawv thov nrog lub notary. Nqa ib daim ntawv kos npe thiab sau ntawv rau lub chaw ua se.

Txhawm rau thov LLC rau npe online, npaj daim ntawv cog lus, kev txiav txim siab thiab tsab ntawv lees paub ua ntej - luam tawm, kos npe thiab luam theej duab lawv. Nov yog tag nrho cov kev cai uas cov tub ceev xwm sau se muaj rau cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob.

Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum sau npe lossis nkag rau hauv lub kaw lus, sau daim ntawv thov, xa cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog, xa daim ntawv thov thiab them tus nqi hauv lub xeev (yog tias koj tsis muaj daim ntawv kos npe hauv hluav taws xob).

Cov ntaub ntawv raug xa los ntawm kev xa ntawv Tshooj 9. Cov txheej txheem xa cov ntaub ntawv rau lub xeev sau npe los ntawm tsab ntawv nrog tus nqi tshaj tawm thiab cov npe ntawm cov ntawv txuas. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau kos npe rau daim ntawv thov rau npe ntawm LLC nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug notary thiab ntawv pov thawj cov ntawv luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txuas.

7. Tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sau npe ntawm LLC

Lub chaw lis haujlwm se yuav txais cov ntaub ntawv thiab sau npe rau lub tuam txhab hauv peb hnub. Koj yuav tau txais koj pob:

• Daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev sau npe nrog cov cai se. Nws qhia tus naj npawb ntawm tus neeg them se thiab tus lej ntawm qhov laj thawj rau kev sau npe - TIN thiab KPP.
• Daim ntawv teev npe rau Unified State Register of Legal Entities. Txhua cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub tuam txhab yuav raug cuam tshuam rau hauv nws.
• Cov khoom ntawm Koom Haum nrog cov cim sau npe los ntawm cov cai se.

Yog tias kev tso npe ntawm lub tuam txhab raug tsis lees paub, koj yuav tau txais ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb nrog rau qhov laj thawj. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum kho qhov tsis raug thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv rov qab. Lub xeev tus nqi yuav tau them dua.

8. Qhib tus as-qhauj tam sim no thiab tso nyiaj tso cai peev

Koj yuav tsum qhib ib tus as-qhauj tam sim no tam sim tom qab sau npe ntawm LLC.

Xaiv ib lub txhab nyiaj thiab qhia cov ntaub ntawv uas koj xav tau. Feem ntau lawv xav tau daim ntawv pov thawj, daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev sau npe nrog lub chaw ua haujlwm se, ib qho kev rho tawm los ntawm Lub Xeev Kev Sau Npe ntawm Cov Neeg Raug Cai thiab cov ntaub ntawv hla tebchaws ntawm txhua tus tsim.

Lub tuam txhab muaj cai qhib ib tug account nrog ib tug txawv teb chaws bank. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum tau ceeb toom rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm se nyob rau hauv ib lub hlis - sau thiab xa ib daim ntawv ceeb toom tshwj xeeb mus rau lub Federal Tax Service.

Cov peev peev uas tau tso cai yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv plaub lub hlis txij li hnub tso npe ntawm lub tuam txhab.

Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm tus neeg txais nyiaj ntawm lub koom haum lossis muab tso rau hauv tus account tam sim no. Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yog Tshooj 14. Cov peev txheej tso cai ntawm lub tuam txhab. Shares nyob rau hauv kev tso cai peev ntawm lub tuam txhab yog 10,000 rubles.

Sij hawm dhau mus, cov peev txheej tso cai tuaj yeem nce ntxiv Tshooj 17. Kev nce ntawm cov peev nyiaj tso cai ntawm lub tuam txhab ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej lossis kev koom tes, lossis txo Tshooj 20. Txo cov peev nyiaj tso cai ntawm lub tuam txhab, tab sis tsuas yog nce txog 10,000 rubles.

9. Sau npe tus neeg txais nyiaj thiab ua ib lub foob, yog tias tsim nyog

Yog tias koj txais nyiaj ntsuab los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom lossis cov neeg koom tes, koj yuav xav tau tus neeg txais nyiaj. Nws yuav tsum tau yuav los yog xauj thiab sau npe nrog Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Pabcuam Se.

Lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem muaj lub foob lossis tsis yog - raws li tus tsim pom zoo nyob rau hauv charter. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv kaw tau txhawb kev ntseeg siab ntxiv rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg koom tes.