Cov txheej txheem:
- Buridan nees luav
- Qhov tsua myth
- Lub paradox ntawm omnipotence
- Qaib thiab qe paradox
- Achilles thiab vaub kib
2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58
Muaj ib lub tswv yim hais tias kev xav yog ib qho kev txawj ntse heev uas tau sib nrauj los ntawm lub neej tiag tiag. Qhov tseeb, qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb kiag li. Muaj qee cov lus qhia tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau kawm los ntawm kev tshawb fawb no.
Cov neeg tuaj saib rau "Wikipedia" qee qhov pom tias yog tias koj nyem rau ntawm thawj qhov txuas hauv txhua tsab xov xwm, tom qab ntawd sai lossis tom qab koj tseem yuav tau khiav mus rau ib qho ntawm cov lus ntawm kev xav. Qhov kev piav qhia rau qhov tshwm sim no yog qhov yooj yim heev: yuav luag txhua qhov kev ua tiav ntawm kev coj noj coj ua niaj hnub no, kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tau tsim los ntawm kev xav txog kev xav thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tsim nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm immemorial.
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb tau sau rau koj ib co nthuav piv txwv thiab dab neeg uas philosophers tau siv los piav qhia lawv lub tswv yim. Muaj coob leej ntau tshaj li ob txhiab xyoo, tab sis lawv tseem tsis poob lawv qhov tseeb.
Buridan nees luav
Buridan tus nees luav yog qhov kev xav tsis zoo uas muaj npe tom qab Jean Buridan, txawm tias nws tau paub los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Aristotle.
Tus nees luav sawv ntawm ob lub haystacks zoo tib yam. Tsis tuaj yeem xaiv ib qho ntawm lawv, nws nkim sijhawm los ntsuas txhua qhov kev xaiv. Raws li kev ncua sij hawm, tus nees luav dhau los ua kev tshaib kev nqhis, thiab tus nqi ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab nce ntxiv. Thaum tsis xaiv ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv sib npaug, tus nees luav thaum kawg tuag ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis.
Qhov piv txwv no, tau kawg, tau coj mus rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis nws zoo kawg nkaus qhia tias qee zaum kev ywj pheej ntawm kev xaiv hloov mus ua qhov tsis muaj kev ywj pheej. Yog tias koj sim ntsuas cov kev xaiv zoo sib xws raws li kev xav tau, koj tuaj yeem poob ob qho tib si. Hauv qhov no, txhua kauj ruam yog qhov zoo dua qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tsis kawg rau qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo.
Qhov tsua myth
Lub qhov tsua hais lus dab neeg yog ib lo lus uas nto moo siv los ntawm Plato hauv kev sib tham "State" los piav qhia nws cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov tswv yim. Nws raug suav hais tias yog lub hauv paus ntawm Platonism thiab lub hom phiaj kev xav zoo tshaj plaws.
Xav txog ib pawg neeg raug txim nyob hauv lub qhov tsua tob. Ntawm ob txhais ceg thiab caj npab ntawm nws cov tswv cuab yog fetters uas impede txav. Ntau tiam neeg twb tau yug los nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua no, tsuas yog qhov chaw ntawm kev paub uas yog faint reflections ntawm lub teeb thiab muffled suab mus txog lawv lub siab los ntawm qhov chaw.
Tam sim no xav txog dab tsi cov neeg no paub txog lub neej sab nraud?
Thiab yog li ntawd ib tug ntawm lawv tau tshem nws shackles thiab mus txog qhov nkag mus rau lub qhov tsua. Nws pom lub hnub, ntoo, tsiaj txhu, noog ya saum ntuj. Tom qab ntawd nws rov qab mus rau nws cov kwvtij zej zog thiab qhia lawv txog qhov nws tau pom. Lawv puas yuav ntseeg nws? Los yog lawv puas yuav xav txog qhov kev ntseeg siab dua cov duab ntawm lub ntiajteb sab hauv uas lawv tau pom ntawm lawv tus kheej lub qhov muag tag nrho lawv lub neej?
Tsis txhob muab cov tswv yim pov tseg vim tias lawv zoo li absurd rau koj thiab tsis haum rau hauv daim duab niaj hnub ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Tej zaum tag nrho koj qhov kev paub tsuas yog qhov kev xav tsis zoo ntawm lub qhov tsua phab ntsa.
Lub paradox ntawm omnipotence
Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no nyob hauv kev sim nkag siab seb tus neeg muaj peev xwm ua tau li cas tuaj yeem ua txhua yam uas yuav txwv nws lub peev xwm los ua.
Puas muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib lub pob zeb uas nws tsis tuaj yeem nqa los ntawm nws tus kheej?
Tej zaum nws yuav zoo li koj tias qhov teeb meem kev xav no yog kev xav ntawm tus kheej nkaus xwb, sib nrauj tag nrho ntawm lub neej thiab kev coj ua. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog. Lub paradox ntawm omnipotence yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ntseeg, kev nom kev tswv thiab pej xeem lub neej.
Thaum no paradox tseem unsolved. Peb tsuas tuaj yeem xav tias tsis muaj omnipotence nkaus xwb. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias peb tseem muaj lub sijhawm los yeej.
Qaib thiab qe paradox
Txhua tus tau hnov txog qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no. Thawj zaug, kev sib tham ntawm qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim hauv cov ntawv sau ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb classical ntawm Ancient Greece.
Qhov twg tuaj ua ntej: qaib los yog qe?
Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, txoj hauj lwm zoo li insoluble, txij li thaum lub tsos ntawm ib lub caij yog tsis yooj yim sua yam tsis muaj lub hav zoov ntawm lwm yam. Txawm li cas los, lub complexity ntawm no paradox nyob rau hauv lub vague lo lus. Txoj kev daws teeb meem yog nyob ntawm seb dab tsi yog kos rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm "qe nqaij qaib". Yog hais tias tus qaib lub qe yog ib lub qe tso los ntawm ib tug qaib, ces thawj yog, ntawm chav kawm, tus qaib uas tsis hatch los ntawm ib tug qaib lub qe. Yog tias tus qaib qe yog lub qe uas tus qaib hatches, ces thawj yog tus qaib lub qe uas tsis tau nteg los ntawm tus qaib.
Txhua zaus koj ntsib teeb meem uas tsis tuaj yeem daws tau, ua tib zoo nyeem nws cov xwm txheej. Qee lub sij hawm qhov no yog qhov lus teb dag.
Achilles thiab vaub kib
Qhov no paradox yog ntaus nqi rau Zeno ntawm Elea, ib tug Greek philosopher thaum ub, ib tug neeg sawv cev nto moo ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Elea. Nrog nws pab, nws sim ua pov thawj qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txav, qhov chaw thiab ntau ntau.
Cia peb hais tias Achilles khiav 10 zaus sai dua tus vaub kib thiab yog 1,000 paces qab nws. Thaum Achilles khiav qhov kev ncua deb, tus vaub kib yuav nkag 100 kauj ruam hauv tib txoj kev. Thaum Achilles khiav 100 kauj ruam, tus vaub kib nkag 10 kauj ruam ntxiv, thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem yuav txuas ntxiv mus tsis kawg, Achilles yuav tsis ntes tus vaub kib.
Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb absurdity ntawm cov lus no, nws tsis yooj yim rau refute nws. Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kev daws teeb meem, kev sib cav loj tau raug ua, ntau yam qauv ntawm lub cev thiab lej raug tsim, cov khoom raug sau thiab cov lus tshaj tawm raug tiv thaiv.
Rau peb, qhov xaus ntawm qhov teeb meem no yooj yim heev. Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb luminaries tawv tawv hais tias koj yuav tsis ntes tau tus vaub kib, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tseg. Cia li sim.
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