"Cov lus nug txog kev txhaj tshuaj" thiab "muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas": dab tsi tshwm sim nrog prepositions hauv Lavxias

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Peb paub tias yog vim li cas cov lus ua haujlwm tau nce zuj zus tuaj qhov twg lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob, thiab yuav muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw li cas.

Lub preposition yog ib qho kev pabcuam lus Askiv uas txuas cov lus hauv kab lus. Nws tsis zoo li yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev hais lus xws li, hais, lub npe lossis cov lus qhia, yog li nws tsis tshua pom.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev xaiv ntawm qee qhov txawv ntawm qhov kev pabcuam ntawm kev hais lus feem ntau stylistically xim cov kab lus. Piv txwv li, nws ntseeg tau hais tias lub preposition "pro" muaj ib tug colloquial cim (as opposed to the neutral "o"), thiab "nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog" muab cov lus ib tug official-kev lag luam tone.

Thiab txawm hais tias prepositions tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb raws li kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus, cov kev hloov pauv kuj tshwm sim nrog lawv hauv cov lus.

Qee qhov pretexts hloov lwm tus yam tsis muaj laj thawj

Ntawm cov no, "po" yog nrov heev tam sim no. Feem ntau muaj cov lus xws li "peb yuav tsum txiav txim siab txog nyiaj txiag" es tsis yog "peb yuav tsum txiav txim siab txog nyiaj txiag" lossis "cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj" es tsis yog "cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev txhaj tshuaj".

Cov kev tsim kho zoo li no tau tshwm sim ntawm cov thawj coj, thiab tam sim no muaj ntau yam hauv cov lus tshaj tawm, hauv cov lus hais ntawm tsoomfwv, cov nom tswv, nyiaj txiag, thiab cov lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv "po" nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no muaj tinge ntawm bureaucracy, yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv xws li kev hais lus, raws li txoj cai, nws yog zoo dua tsis siv nws.

Lwm pretext uas sim coj lwm tus qhov chaw yog "rau". Nws feem ntau siv tsis yog "o". Koj tuaj yeem hnov cov lus zoo li "Kuv xav tham txog teeb meem" es tsis yog "Kuv xav tham txog teeb meem". Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus qhia "hais", "hais", "qhia" yog siv nrog cov lus qhia "txog" thiab "txog".

Tsis tas li ntawd nrov yog qhov kev xaiv "rau" thiab nrog lo lus "nco": "nco tus me nyuam" es tsis yog "nco tus me nyuam", uas yog tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Tej zaum, lub preposition "rau" nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus nyob rau hauv lub cuam tshuam ntawm yav qab teb dialects thiab Ukrainian lus.

Lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm kev siv cov preposition tsis raug yog cov lus "hauv koog tsev kawm ntawv." Muaj, tau kawg, cov qauv hauv kev siv "on" thiab "hauv". Hauv particular, "hauv" yog siv rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau qhov chaw kaw ("hauv siab", "hauv tsev"), thiab "ntawm" - nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau qhov chaw qhib ("ntawm ntug dej", "ntawm lub square")..

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav no tsis ua haujlwm 100% ntawm lub sijhawm. Sib piv: "ntawm lub Hoobkas", "hauv chaw xa ntawv", "hauv chaw ua si", "hauv hav zoov." Kuj tseem muaj cov xwm txheej thaum ob qho kev lees paub: "hauv chav ua noj" thiab "hauv chav ua noj", "hauv thaj teb" thiab "hauv thaj teb", "hauv tsev" thiab "hauv chav tsev" (qhov kev xaiv no yog siv. thaum tham txog tsev xauj).

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov prepositions "hauv" thiab "on" nrog qee cov lus yog piav qhia los ntawm kev lig kev cai. Tej zaum qhov nrov ntawm qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm "hauv zej zog" yog vim qee qhov rov xav txog lub ntsiab lus spatial. Ua ntej, hauv paus tsev kawm ntawv tsis yog thaj chaw kaw, thiab qhov thib ob, peb muaj nws "ntawm txoj kev". Tab sis txog tam sim no tsuas yog "hauv cheeb tsam" kev xaiv yog suav tias muaj peev xwm.

Prepositions tshwm nyob qhov twg lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob

Tam sim no nyob rau hauv vogue kab lus uas verbs yog hloov los ntawm nouns nrog lub preposition "hauv". Piv txwv li, lawv hais tias "yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam", lub ntsiab lus "yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam"; "Sim seev cev" - "sim seev cev"; Yuav tsum tau ua lag luam - yuav tsum tau ua lag luam. Cov no yog cov kev tsim kho tshiab rau peb cov lus, lawv tsis suav tias yog cov cai tam sim no.

Txawm li cas los xij, kuj tseem muaj cov kev paub ntau dua, tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nyob rau hauv uas prepositions dheev tshwm sim. Piv txwv li, "rau" yog siv ntau dua hauv cov kab lus xws li "piav rau koj qhov kev xav." Txawm hais tias cov lus qhia "piav" hauv qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob nrog cov lus qhia: "piav koj qhov kev xav."

Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau tus neeg siv cov lus "kom lees paub txog qee yam". Tab sis nws yog qhov tseeb - "kom lees paub qee yam", lub preposition "txog" tsis xav tau ntawm no. Tib yam tshwm sim nrog cov kab lus xws li "sib tham txog kev sau tshiab", thaum qhov tseeb hloov pauv yog "sib tham txog kev sau tshiab".

Prepositions yog ua raws li cov lus hauv qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm

Thiab ntawm no cov lus hais saum toj no "los ntawm" sawv tawm. Nws muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus, tab sis ntau zaus lawv ua yuam kev nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov npe tom ntej hauv ib qho ntawm lawv. "Nyob thaum koj rov qab los," "tshem tawm tom qab hnub tas sij hawm," "hu rau thaum koj tuaj txog," qhov ntawd yog. Thaum nws los txog rau kev ua ib qho tom qab lwm qhov, cov ntaub ntawv prepositional yuav tsum tau siv tom qab preposition "los ntawm", tsis yog dative ("rov qab").

Lwm preposition los ntawm cov nom sphere, uas lawv tsis meej pem nyob rau hauv lub declension ntawm cov lus, yog "raws li". Feem ntau tom qab nws, lub npe yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv genitive - "raws li qhov kev txiav txim", tab sis qhov tseeb ntawm no yog dative - "raws li kev txiav txim."

Tib zaj dab neeg tshwm sim nrog lub preposition "raws li". Feem ntau tom qab nws los txog qhov genitive case - "raws li kev ntseeg", uas tsis muaj tseeb. Qhov no preposition tswj cov ntaub ntawv dative - "raws li koj qhov kev txiav txim siab", thiab cov instrumental - "raws li qhov no."