Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob coronavirus yog dab tsi thiab lawv qhov txawv li cas

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hais txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj muaj npe nrov tshaj plaws rau COVID-19.

"Sputnik V" ("Gam-COVID-Vak")

Leej twg yog tus tsim tawm

NIM lawv. N. F. Gamalei, Russia.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li cas

Vector adenoviral.

Nws ua haujlwm li cas

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Vector yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob cab (tseem hu ua To taub Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccines / CDC vectors). Cov kws tshawb fawb "ntxuav" cov kab mob sib kis los ntawm tus kab mob qub, tsis muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg, thiab hauv lawv qhov chaw lawv nruab ib feem ntawm lwm tus kab mob - ib qho tawm tsam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Hauv Sputnik V, tus vector yog Yuav ua li cas adenovirus vector vaccines ua haujlwm / Sputnik V adenovirus. Hauv nws lub xeev ib txwm, cov kab mob no tuaj yeem ua rau mob khaub thuas me me. Tab sis txij li thaum nws raug txiav tawm ntawm lub cib fim rau kev yug me nyuam, nws tsuas muaj peev xwm xa ib daim kab mob coronavirus mus rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm lub cev. Tshwj xeeb, cov noob encoding S - protein ntawm tus kabmob coronavirus "ntsiag heev". Thaum tau txais cov noob, cov hlwb rov tsim "pos". Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kuaj pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis paub meej thiab pib tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ua kom puas.

Thaum muaj ib hnub tus mob coronavirus tiag tiag nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tam sim ntawd lees paub nws los ntawm cov "pos" uas twb paub lawm. Thiab nws yuav sim sai sai rhuav tshem tus invader.

Yuav muab tshuaj tiv thaiv li cas

Ob zaug ntawm ntu ntawm 21 hnub.

Dab tsi yog qhov efficiency

91.6%. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau hais los ntawm Denis Y. Logunov, Inna V. Dolzhikova, Dmitry V. Shcheblyakov, Amir I. Tukhvatulin, Olga V. Zubkova, Alina S. Dzharullaeva, et al. Kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm rAd26 thiab rAd5 vector - raws li heterologous prime - txhawb nqa cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID - 19: kev tshuaj xyuas ib ntus ntawm kev tswj hwm qib 3 kev sim hauv tebchaws Russia / The Lancet hauv phau ntawv xov xwm thoob ntiaj teb The Lancet. Qhov no yog li cas qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob tau txo qis dua 21 hnub tom qab thawj koob tshuaj.

Lwm yam uas koj yuav tsum paub txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Sputnik V yog qhov kev tshawb fawb tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Lavxias. Nws txoj kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb tau lees paub los ntawm Tsab Ntawv Tshaj Tawm rau cov kws kho mob: Yuav ua li cas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 raug tswj kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua tau zoo / WHO los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm.

“EpiVacCorona”

Leej twg yog tus tsim tawm

State Research Center "Vector", Russia.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li cas

Synthetic peptide.

Nws ua haujlwm li cas

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog tsim los ntawm Weidang Li, Medha D. Joshi, Smita Singhania, Kyle H. Ramsey, thiab Ashlesh K. Murthy. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Peptide: Kev nce qib thiab kev sib tw / Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke (fragments) ntawm cov kab mob kis kab mob - lawv hu ua peptides. EpiVacCoron siv qhov chaw ntawm S-protein ntawm tus mob coronavirus ua peptides. Lawv muab tso rau ntawm ib tug carrier protein thiab tsau nrog excipients. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj nyob rau ntawm lub vev xaib ntawm Rospotrebnadzor Tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv COVID-19 / Rospotrebnadzor, uas yog subordinate rau lub chaw tshawb fawb "Vector".

Ua tsaug rau peptides, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob paub tias tus kab mob zoo li cas. Thiab thaum kis tus kab mob, nws yuav nquag teb rau nws.

Yuav muab tshuaj tiv thaiv li cas

Ob zaug nrog lub sijhawm ntawm 2-3 lub lis piam.

Dab tsi yog qhov efficiency

94%. Tab sis qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm developers. Niaj hnub no tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm thoob ntiaj teb uas cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg yuav raug lees paub.

Lwm yam uas koj yuav tsum paub txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Qee tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias tsis ntseeg tias EpiVacCorona ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, ib tug virologist, ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub koom haum. Gamalei Anatoly Altstein hu rau Anatoly Altstein: "Kev siv EpiVacCorona yuav tsum tau nres ua ntej kuaj" / Novye Izvestia kom tsis txhob txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj no. Qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas ntau tus neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb uas koom nrog EpiVacCorona kuaj tsis pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv lawv cov ntshav. Cov neeg tsim khoom piav qhia nws li no: tsuas yog kuaj tshwj xeeb ELISA "SARS - CoV - 2 - IgG - Vector" tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tom qab txhaj tshuaj.

Kov

Leej twg yog tus tsim tawm

Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Txhim Kho ntawm Immunobiological Preparations muaj npe tom qab Chumakov, Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, Russia.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li cas

Inactivated.

Nws ua haujlwm li cas

Tsis zoo li lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Lavxias, KoviVac tsis muaj cov khoom, tab sis tag nrho tus kabmob coronavirus. Tsuas yog nws yog "tua" (inactivated) - uas yog, nws yog deprived ntawm lub cib fim ntau thiab kis cov hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tseem paub tias nws yog kab mob thiab yog li cob qhia nws tus kheej los tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam.

Yuav muab tshuaj tiv thaiv li cas

Ob koob tshuaj 2 lub lis piam sib nrug.

Dab tsi yog qhov efficiency

90%. Qhov no txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob 21 hnub tom qab koob thib ob ntawm cov tshuaj. Qhov no tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv Chumakov Center, ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID ntawm 90% / Interfax, tus thawj coj ntawm Chumakov Center, Aydar Ishmukhametov. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm kev ua tau zoo, uas yuav tau luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm thoob ntiaj teb scientific.

Lwm yam uas koj yuav tsum paub txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Kev sim tshuaj ntawm "KoviVac" tseem tab tom mus. Lawv theem peb pib tsuas yog nyob rau nruab nrab Lub Rau Hli. Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kho Mob [RCT] / Lub Xeev Kev Sau Npe Tshuaj Kho Mob yuav tsum ua kom tiav thaum kawg ntawm 2022.

Pfizer / BioNTech

Leej twg yog tus tsim tawm

Pfizer, Inc. (USA) thiab BioNTech (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees).

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li cas

Raws li mRNA technology.

Nws ua haujlwm li cas

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA tsis txhaj ib feem ntawm cov kab mob lossis cov kab mob mus rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm lub cev. Lawv tsuas yog xa cov Kev Nkag Siab mRNA COVID-19 Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv / CDC lub npe hu ua messenger RNA (mRNA, lossis tus xa xov RNA, mRNA Ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 / WHO).

Cov matrix no muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm S-protein ntawm tus mob coronavirus. Ib zaug hauv lub cell, mRNA ua rau nws tsim cov protein ntau. Lub cev kho cov qauv tsis paub thiab kawm tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau "spikes" ntawm tus mob coronavirus. Thaum muaj tus kab mob tiag tiag, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav npaj los tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam.

Yuav muab tshuaj tiv thaiv li cas

Ob koob tshuaj 21 hnub sib nrug.

Dab tsi yog qhov efficiency

92% lossis ntau dua Sara E. Oliver, Julia W. Gargano, Mona Marin, Megan Wallace, thiab al. Pawg Neeg Tawm Tswv Yim Txog Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob 'Kev Pom Zoo Ib Ntus Rau Kev Siv Pfizer - BioNTech COVID-19 Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv - Tebchaws Meskas, Kaum Ob Hlis 2020 / CDC.

Lwm yam uas koj yuav tsum paub txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Raws li Coronavirus (COVID-19) Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv / Peb Lub Ntiaj Teb Hauv Cov Ntaub Ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thoob ntiaj teb Qhib Ntiaj Teb hauv Cov Ntaub Ntawv, nws yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrov tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Asmeskas. Yog li, kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm Pfizer / BioNTech tau kawm hauv cov neeg coob coob.

Cov tshuaj tseem tsis tau muaj nyob rau hauv Russia.

Moderna

Leej twg yog tus tsim tawm

ModernaTX, Inc. (USA).

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li cas

Raws li mRNA technology.

Nws ua haujlwm li cas

Cov thev naus laus zis tom qab Moderna zoo ib yam li Moderna COVID-19 Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Txheej Txheem thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb / CDC Pfizer / BioNTech. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xa cov kab mob sib kis ntawm tus kabmob coronavirus rau lub cev thiab yuam cov hlwb los tsim cov proteins hauv cov qauv uas tau teev tseg. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kawm los teb rau cov ntsiab lus tsis paub thiab ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Yuav muab tshuaj tiv thaiv li cas

Ob zaug nrog lub sijhawm ntawm 28 hnub.

Dab tsi yog qhov efficiency

Saum toj no txhua yam koj xav paub txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 / Phau ntawv xov xwm ntawm Royal Pharmaceutical Society 90%.

Lwm yam uas koj yuav tsum paub txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Zoo li Pfizer / BioNTech, Moderna tsis muaj nyob hauv RF.

Oxford / AstraZeneca

Leej twg yog tus tsim tawm

University of Oxford (UK), AstraZeneca (Sweden).

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li cas

Vector adenoviral.

Nws ua haujlwm li cas

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog tib yam li ntawm Sputnik V. Tsuas yog ib qho nuance. Tus vector, uas yog, tus kab mob cab, hauv AstraZeneca tsis yog tib neeg adenovirus, tab sis yog chimpanzee. Puas muaj tseeb? Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Oxford / AstraZeneca puas muaj cov tsiaj DNA? / Australian tsoom fwv. Department of Health. Cov neeg tsim tawm pom zoo qhov kev xaiv no los ntawm kev xav tias primate adenovirus txhawb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Yuav muab tshuaj tiv thaiv li cas

Ob koob txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv Oxford / AstraZeneca COVID-19: yam koj xav paub / WHO 8-12 lub lis piam.

Dab tsi yog qhov efficiency

82.4%. Nws yuav tsum tau nco qab txog ntawm no tias kev ua tau zoo yog ntau npaum li cas qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsos mob tom qab kis tus kab mob txo. Yog tias peb tham txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mus pw hauv tsev kho mob thiab kev tuag vim yog COVID-19, ces AstraZeneca ua haujlwm Txhua yam koj xav paub txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 / Cov ntawv xov xwm tseem ceeb ntawm Royal Pharmaceutical Society ntawm 100%.

Lwm yam uas koj yuav tsum paub txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 2021, AstraZeneca muaj qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim: cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qee zaum ua Cov Lus Qhia rau cov kws kho mob: Yuav ua li cas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 raug tswj kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo / WHO rau qhov teeb meem tuag taus - thrombosis nrog thrombocytopenia syndrome Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm ib qho Cov ntshav coagulation tsis zoo uas ua ke nrog cov ntshav txhaws thiab qis platelet suav. … Cov xwm txheej zoo li no tsis tshua muaj: 10-15 ib lab koob tshuaj. Yog li, feem ntau, AstraZeneca tau lees paub tias yog qhov kev xaiv nyab xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, UK Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv tau pom zoo tias Cov neeg tsis muaj hnub nyoog 40 xyoo yuav tsum tau muab lwm txoj hauv kev rau tshuaj tiv thaiv Oxford / AstraZeneca, hais tias lub cev tawm tswv yim / Cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm ntawm Royal Pharmaceutical Society, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 40 nrog lwm yam tshuaj.