Dab tsi yog firewall thiab vim li cas koj lub PC xav tau ib qho

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Spoiler ceeb toom: tiv thaiv koj cov ntaub ntawv.

Dab tsi yog firewall

Lub firewall, los yog firewall, yog ib lub firewall uas ua raws cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm nws. Siv qee cov cai lossis cov qauv, nws txheeb xyuas cov tsheb khiav los ntawm lub network lossis los ntawm koj lub computer. Yog tias pob ntawv tsis raug lees paub, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem hla lub firewall thiab ncav cuag koj lub cuab yeej los ntawm Is Taws Nem.

Lo lus "firewall" (los ntawm German hom - "kub", mauer - "phab ntsa") tau txais los ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm ib qho barrier ua los ntawm cov khoom siv refractory, uas tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm cov nplaim taws ntawm ib feem ntawm lub tsev mus rau lwm qhov. Thiab qhov no, feem ntau, qhia txog lub hom phiaj ntawm software: tsis txhob hla kev khiav tsheb uas tuaj yeem ua mob rau lub cev.

Firewalls yog ntsia tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg siv lub computers, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv servers los yog routers ntawm subnets. Qhov no yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev sib kis sai sai thoob plaws lub vev xaib.

Firewalls yog software (tsuas yog software) thiab software thiab hardware (software thiab ntaus ntawv uas nws khiav). Cov qub yog pheej yig dua, tab sis lawv coj ib feem ntawm lub khoos phis tawj cov peev txheej thiab tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab. Rau cov neeg siv zoo tib yam, lawv txaus txaus. Cov tom kawg feem ntau yog cov kev daws teeb meem uas tau teeb tsa hauv cov tes hauj lwm loj uas muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntxiv.

Hom kev tawm tsam dab tsi yog firewall tiv thaiv?

• Phishing … Cybercriminals faib cov kev txuas mus rau phishing qhov chaw uas zoo li ob lub peas nyob rau hauv lub pod zoo ib yam li koj online banking, social network, los yog lub npe nrov. Ntawm cov chaw, nws tau thov kom tawm ntawm tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv - nrog lawv, cov neeg ua phem tuaj yeem thim tag nrho cov nyiaj los ntawm koj tus as-qhauj hauv txhab nyiaj lossis blackmail koj nrog cov duab zoo nkauj. Lub firewall yuav thaiv kev sib txuas rau cov peev txheej zoo li no.
• Backdoor nkag … Qhov no yog lub npe muab rau qhov tsis zoo uas qee zaum sab laug - ntawm lub hom phiaj lossis tsis yog - hauv kev khiav haujlwm thiab lwm yam software. Qhov no tso cai rau cybercriminals lossis cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub cuab yeej txuas nrog Network thiab tau txais kev khiav tsheb los ntawm nws, piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej, passwords, thiab lwm yam. Lub firewall muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau cov dej ntws.
• Hacking siv tej thaj chaw deb Desktop … Kev tawm tsam ntawm hom ntawv no tso cai rau koj kom nkag mus rau lub computer hauv lub network thiab tswj nws. Lub foob pob hluav taws yuav ntes cov tsheb khiav tsis zoo thiab tsis lees paub nws kis.
• Cov pob ntawv xa mus … Qee lub sij hawm fraudsters hloov txoj kev tsheb khiav hauv lub vev xaib txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ntseeg tias cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm qhov chaw ntseeg siab. Lub firewall yuav taug qab qhov no thiab thaiv cov tsheb khiav.
• DDoS tawm tsam … Yog tias firewall pom ntau pob ntawv los ntawm cov npe me me ntawm IP chaw nyob, nws yuav sim lim lawv tawm. Los ntawm txoj kev, yog tias ib tug neeg sim siv koj lub computer rau DDoS tawm tsam, lub firewall tseem yuav thaiv cov tsheb khiav tawm.

Hom kev tawm tsam dab tsi lub firewall yuav tsis tiv thaiv

Txhawm rau kom firewall txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, nws yuav tsum raug lees paub nws. Feem ntau, firewalls ua haujlwm ntawm ob peb theem ntawm OSI (Lub Open Systems Interconnection qauv) qauv: network, channel, thauj, daim ntawv thov, thiab lwm yam. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej lim. Thiab yog hais tias, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub channel (siab dua) tsheb sib tw raws li txoj cai, thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov (qis) tsheb khiav nws yog encrypted, ces lub firewall yuav cia li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm. Thiab qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv qhov system.

Firewalls kuj tsis tiv nrog tunneled tsheb - ib qho uas kis tau los ntawm VPN thiab lwm yam kev pab cuam zoo sib xws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug ruaj ntseg qhov yog tsim ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus network, ib co network raws tu qauv tau ntim rau hauv lwm tus neeg (feem ntau yog ib tug qis dua). Lub firewall tsis tuaj yeem txhais cov pob ntawv no. Thiab yog hais tias nws ua hauj lwm raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus "txhua yam uas tsis txwv yog tso cai", ces nws cia lawv mus.

Thaum kawg, yog tias tus kab mob tuaj yeem nkag mus rau koj lub computer, ces lub firewall yuav tsis ua dab tsi txog kev puas tsuaj nws tuaj yeem ua rau. Piv txwv li, yog tias malware encrypts lossis tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv, lossis txuag koj tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv txhawm rau hloov lawv los ntawm tus xa xov xwm encrypted lossis lwm yam kev ruaj ntseg channel, firewall tsis zoo li ceeb toom koj.

Tau kawg, firewalls tau ntse dua: lawv siv cov algorithms ntse thiab heuristics uas pom cov teeb meem txawm tias tsis muaj cov cai thiab cov qauv ua ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua ke nrog antivirus software, firewall thaiv ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tsam. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cybercriminals kuj tsis zaum idly los ntawm thiab tsim txoj hauv kev tshiab los hla kev tiv thaiv.

Cov teeb meem dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau firewall?

Txhua qhov kev tiv thaiv tuaj ntawm tus nqi.

Txo kev ua haujlwm hauv computer

Lub firewall lim tsheb khiav hauv lub sijhawm. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj peev txheej: ob lub zog processor thiab RAM. Yog li ntawd, lub software tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub computer qeeb. Thiab yog tias nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tsawg, koj yuav hnov nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob.

Txo kev khiav ceev

Lub firewall siv sijhawm los txheeb xyuas cov tsheb khiav. Thiab yog tias muaj ntau cov ntxaij lim dej, ces qhov kev ncua sij hawm tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw, tab sis hauv kev ua si hauv online nws tuaj yeem ua rau poob.

Qhov zoo tsis tseeb

Nws tsis yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau firewalls ua yuam kev kev khiav tsheb raug cai raws li qhov muaj peev xwm hem thiab tsis txhob cia cov pob ntawv no dhau mus. Lawv kuj tsim kev ceeb toom - nrog lub suab ntse, yog li ntawd koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau. Yog li ntawd, koj tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntsiag to thiab tsis nkag mus rau qhov tsim nyog hauv Internet.

Koj tuaj yeem txo tus naj npawb ntawm qhov tsis zoo yog tias koj teeb tsa koj lub firewall kom raug. Piv txwv li, pab nws tsuas yog hauv cov tes hauj lwm tsis ruaj ntseg (public Wi-Fi) lossis rau qee yam kev siv (browser, instant messengers).

Puas tsim nyog siv firewall

Yog tias koj lub computer txuas nrog internet, firewall yuav pab tau. Nws yuav thaiv ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas hauv network uas koj "tsis tau xaj."

Lub firewall tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog thaum txuas mus rau Wi-nkaus dawb thiab lwm yam tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg network. Attackers feem ntau siv lawv rau kev tawm tsam, kev cuam tshuam kev tsheb thiab cov ntaub ntawv spoofing.

Yog tias koj lub khoos phis tawj tsis txuas nrog Is Taws Nem lossis lub network muaj kev tiv thaiv txaus, piv txwv li, los ntawm lub tuam txhab kho vajtse thiab software firewall, ces koj yuav tsis siv tus kheej. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj lub PC khiav ceev me ntsis, thiab qhov tsis zoo yuav tsis cuam tshuam koj.

Ntau tus qauv tshiab tshiab ntawm router muaj lub firewall built-in. Nws tso cai rau koj los teeb tsa pob ntawv lim, tso cai lossis tsis lees txais kev sib txuas rau cov URLs tshwj xeeb thiab IPs, thiab siv cov chaw nres nkoj. Txhawm rau paub seb koj lub cuab yeej puas muaj firewall built-in, nrhiav ib yam khoom xws li Internet Firewall hauv nws lub vaj huam sib luag.

Tab sis objectively hais lus, software firewalls feem ntau hloov tau yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau configure. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj tsis nkag siab tag nrho yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhim khu kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev khiav tsheb siv lub router, peb xav kom koj tsis txhob tua lub firewall kom tsis txhob tso tseg yam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv.

Dab tsi firewalls yog tsim rau hauv OS

Lawv tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm kev ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv cov neeg siv los ntawm cyberattacks.

Qhov rai

Lub OS muaj firewall pib nrog Windows XP SP2. Hauv Windows 7, nws yog ib feem ntawm Windows Security Center, hauv Windows 10 - Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg thiab Kev Pabcuam. Nws txhawb kev lim dej ntawm theem ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj, pob ntawv, kev siv thiab kev tsim ntau yam kev cai rau ntau hom kev tes hauj lwm (private, public and domain networks), teem profiles.

Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov xwm txheej tiv thaiv hauv Windows 10, nkag mus rau lo lus "firewall" hauv qhov tshawb nrhiav bar.

Xwb, Start Menu - Chaw - Hloov Kho & Kev Ruaj Ntseg - Windows Security - Firewall thiab Network Protection. Ntawm no koj tseem yuav pom yog tias firewall tau qhib rau ntau hom kev sib txuas thiab tuaj yeem teeb tsa nws.

Hauv Windows 7, qhib Start Menu - Tswj Vaj Huam Sib Luag - Qhov System thiab Kev Ruaj Ntseg - Windows Firewall - Tshawb xyuas Firewall Status. Nws yog configured nyob rau hauv lub "Hloov ceeb toom chaw" khoom.

macOS

Hauv OS no, pib nrog OS X 10.5.1, koj tuaj yeem tswj hwm kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntawv thov, tsis yog cov chaw nres nkoj. Yog li, cov ntawv thov txaus ntshai yuav tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj uas "zoo" cov kev pab cuam siv.

Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov teeb tsa firewall, mus rau cov ntawv qhia zaub mov "System Preferences" - "Security" (lossis "Privacy and Security" hauv cov tshiab OS versions), tom qab ntawd mus rau "Firewall" tab, nyem rau ntawm lub xauv icon nyob rau sab laug ces kaum thiab sau koj lub npe thiab tus password admin - qhov no yuav qhib lub vaj huam sib luag. Tom qab ntawd nyem rau ntawm "Tig rau Firewall" lossis "Start" khawm. Lub pob "Advanced" yuav tso cai rau koj los teeb tsa lub firewall.

Linux

Lub Linux kernel muaj cov ntawv lim ua ke. Txij li thaum kernel 2.4, iptables utility yog siv los ua lub firewall. Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tsis lees paub ntawm kev pabcuam tawm tsam, IP spoofing, pob ntawv tawg, thiab DDoS.

Ubuntu muaj UTF (Uncomplicated Firewall) wrapper rau iptables. Koj tuaj yeem nruab qhov hluav taws xob nrog cov lus txib apt nruab ufw nyob rau hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas nws cov xwm txheej, nkag mus ufw xwm verbose (los ntawm lub neej ntawd, kev tiv thaiv tsis ua haujlwm). Thiab saib cov npe ntawm cov cai - ufw xwm txheej.

Yuav ua li cas hloov lub built-in firewall

Cov kev daws teeb meem thib peb tuaj yeem muab kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua. Lawv hloov pauv tau thiab suav nrog cov kev txawj ntse ntse rau kev tshawb nrhiav kev ua phem thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, lawv muaj tsawg dua qhov tsis zoo uas paub txog cybercriminals.

Firewalls feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm cov pob antivirus. Nov yog qee yam khoom nrov:

• Avira: Kev Tiv Thaiv Yooj Yim - Dawb; Pro versions - los ntawm 2,95 euros ib hlis twg.
• Comodo Wi-Fi Kev Ruaj Ntseg: Los ntawm $ 3.99 ib hlis.
• BitDefender Internet Security: los ntawm $ 29.99 ib xyoos twg; muaj kev sim dawb rau 30 hnub.
• Avast Hwm Kev Nyab Xeeb: los ntawm 1,990 rubles ib xyoos (nrog firewall); muaj kev sim dawb rau 30 hnub.
• ESET NOD32 Internet Security: los ntawm 1,990 rubles ib xyoo; muaj kev sim dawb rau 30 hnub.