5 kev tawm dag zog rau cov kws yees duab aspiring

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Koj tau txiav txim siab yuav lub koob yees duab zoo thiab kawm yuav ua li cas thaij duab txias. Koj txawm nyeem phau ntawv qhia thiab koj paub tias qhov chaw hauv lub koob yees duab, muaj qhov raug thiab aperture. Tab sis txog tam sim no cov no tsuas yog cov lus tsis meej. Ua ob peb ce thiab koj yuav nkag siab tias vim li cas tag nrho cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov cim no xav tau ntawm lub koob yees duab.

Koj puas paub tias koj lub koob yees duab muaj peev xwm ua tau dab tsi? Tsis muaj? Tom qab ntawd tsab xov xwm yuav los ua ke rau koj. Nws muaj tsib txoj haujlwm los pab koj nkag siab lub koob yees duab thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas. Cov ntawv sau tseg ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau muab nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm tsab xov xwm, tab sis koj yuav tsum tuaj rau feem ntau ntawm cov lus xaus ntawm koj tus kheej. Sim txheeb xyuas tus cwj pwm ntawm lub koob yees duab koj tus kheej. Tsis txhob peep!

Ua kom tiav tag nrho cov kauj ruam, koj yuav tau manually kho qhov rhiab heev ntau yam, aperture, shutter ceev thiab dawb tshuav nyiaj li cas.

1. Ua si nrog qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw siv aperture

Thawj txoj haujlwm yog yooj yim. Muab peb yam khoom tso rau ntawm lub rooj rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub lens. Xaiv cov ntsiab lus uas yooj yim rau kev tsom mus rau (nrog ntau cov kab thiab qhov sib txawv). Piv txwv li, cov khoom ua si menyuam yaus.

Lub koob yees duab yuav tsis txav, yog li muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj. Muab thawj yam khoom ncaj nraim rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub koob yees duab, ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 60 cm. Qhov thib ob yuav tsum yog 30 cm ntxiv, qhov thib peb ntxiv 30 cm. Cov khoom yuav tsum tau staggered kom lawv poob rau hauv lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub lens.. Cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsum zoo li qhov no.

Teem lub koob yees duab rau aperture qhov tseem ceeb hom. Tsis paub yuav ua li cas? Ua tib zoo saib cov lus qhia. Feem ntau, hom no tau muab zais tom qab A lossis Av xaiv ntawm lub ntsiab lus txib hu. Tom qab ntawd teeb qhov rhiab heev rau Auto. Lub koob yees duab yuav tsom rau qhov chaw nruab nrab. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua lub koob yees duab xaiv qhov chaw tsom mus rau ntau txoj hauv kev, thiab yog tias koj li tsis tau tsom mus rau hauv qhov chaw, koj yuav tsum rov qab mus rau cov lus qhia.

Taw lub koob yees duab ntawm thawj qhov kev kawm kom coj nws mus rau hauv kev tsom xam. Teem qhov tsawg kawg nkaus aperture uas koj lub koob yees duab tso cai (f / 1.8 lossis f / 3.5, piv txwv). Yog tias koj siv lub lens zoom, teem lub focal ntev ntawm 40-60 mm.

thaij duab. Yog tsis txav lub koob yees duab, hloov tus nqi aperture rau f/8. Siv lwm daim duab. Tom qab ntawd teeb tsa tus nqi siab tshaj plaws (nrog rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus aperture), piv txwv li, f / 22 lossis siab dua. thaij duab.

Tom qab ntawd teem lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev kawm thib ob, nws yuav ua tau ntse. Thiab rov ua peb qhov kev txhaj tshuaj nrog apertures sib txawv, los ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws.

Thaum kawg, tsom ntsoov rau qhov thib peb thiab muab peb daim duab dua.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, koj yuav tsum muaj cuaj txhaj tshuaj, peb rau txhua qhov kev kawm hauv kev tsom xam, nrog rau qhov sib txawv apertures.

Aperture tswj qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw. Dab tsi hloov thaum koj teeb tsa tus nqi aperture siab dua? Puas muaj ntau dua lossis tsawg dua cov khoom hauv kev tsom xam? Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim thaum koj tsom mus rau qhov ze lossis qhov deb ntawm tib qhov txiaj ntsig aperture? Dab tsi yog tsom?

Kev sim nyiaj ntxiv: rov ua qhov kev tawm dag zog, teeb tsa qhov ntev ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, nyob ib ncig ntawm 18 mm. Tshawb xyuas qhov sib txawv.

2. Kev them nyiaj raug mob

Nws yog qhov txaj muag los yuav lub koob yees duab tshiab thiab pom tias qhov chaw tsis siv neeg nyob deb ntawm qhov zoo tagnrho. Raws li txoj cai, koj tsis tas yuav siv qhov kev hloov kho tsis siv neeg txhua. Nws tsis nyuaj heev, thiab koj yuav tsum ua kom zoo nrog tag nrho cov parsley.

Xaiv ob yam khoom los muab. Ib tug yog dub kiag li, lwm tus yog dawb kiag li. Muab lawv tso ze rau ib leeg. Cov piv txwv hauv daim duab siv lub rooj plaub iPad thiab phuam.

Teem aperture qhov tseem ceeb hom thiab xaiv tus nqi qis tshaj aperture. Teem tus nqi ISO rau 400 thiab pab kom autofocus. Saib seb koj lub koob yees duab qhov ntsuas tau teeb tsa li cas thiab xaiv qhov chaw lossis qhov hnyav.

Teem lub koob yees duab nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov, tsom rau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov xim dub, kom qhov ntsuas tau ua tiav ntawm cov khoom no. Yog tias koj siv hom nruab nrab qhov hnyav, sim ua kom tag nrho qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas nrog dub. thaij duab.

Tam sim no nrhiav qhov raug them nyiaj ua haujlwm. Nws tuaj yeem txhais tau los ntawm cov cim - / +.

Tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau hloov cov chaw thiab underexpose tus ncej ib kauj ruam. Yog tias koj ua tiav, nws yuav raug qhia rau ntawm cov zaub raws li -1. Yog tias koj lub koob yees duab qauv siv qhov sib koom ua ke, tus pointer yuav txav 1 faib mus rau sab laug ntawm xoom. Feem ntau, txiav txim siab seb koj qhia qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov raug, thiab thaij lwm daim duab.

Rov qab tus nqi raug them rau xoom thiab tsom lub koob yees duab ntawm ib qho khoom dawb. thaij duab. Tom qab ntawd hloov tus nqi them rau +1.

Koj yuav tsum muaj plaub daim duab. Saib cov duab ntawm ib yam khoom dub. Nyob rau hauv daim duab twg yog xim ntawm cov khoom ze rau kev muaj tiag? Yuav ua li cas dawb?

3. Ntsuas qhov rhiab heev

Cov koob yees duab niaj hnub no muaj ntau yam rhiab heev, tab sis txhua yam muaj nws qhov txwv. Tsis txhob raug dag los ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaum tua hauv chav tsaus ntuj ntawm ISO 6,400, txhua yam yuav zoo los ntawm nws tus kheej. Cov hauj lwm tom ntej no qhia tau hais tias hloov pauv li cas nrog tus nqi ISO thiab qhov kev txwv ntawm tus kheej koj lub koob yees duab muaj dab tsi.

Muab ob peb yam khoom rau ntawm ib qho kawg ntawm lub rooj thiab muab lub koob yees duab tso rau ntawm lwm qhov. Zoom nyob rau hauv thiaj li hais tias cov khoom tag nrho puv lub lens. Nws yog qhov zoo yog tias muaj cov khoom dawb, xim dub thiab xim hauv lub thav duab. Rau cov teeb pom kev zoo li qub, tig lub teeb yog tias tsim nyog. Disable flash.

Teem lub aperture qhov tseem ceeb hom thiab teeb tsa tus nqi aperture rau f / 5.6. Teem ISO rau 100 thiab thaij duab. Sim tsis txav lub koob yees duab, teeb tsa ISO rau 200 thiab thaij lwm daim duab. Tom qab ntawd thaij duab ntawm ISO 400, 800, thiab lwm yam (ob npaug ntawm qhov rhiab heev txhua lub sijhawm) kom deb li deb ntawm lub koob yees duab tuaj yeem ua.

Tshawb xyuas koj cov duab, zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub monitor loj. Thaum saib cov duab ntawm lub koob yees duab zaub, siv lub zoom thaum saib cov khoom tsaus. Txhua qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw muab kev hloov pauv dab tsi? Koj puas pom qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom dawb thiab xim dub zoo li cas?

4. Ntxiv cov nyhuv plooj nrog lub kaw lus qeeb

Txoj haujlwm no yooj yim thiab tuaj yeem daws tau sai. Tej zaum koj yuav xav tau tus pab, koj tuaj yeem tawm mus sab nraud thiab thaij duab ntawm lub tsheb txav. Koj xav tau ib yam khoom uas txav mus rau hauv lub koob yees duab qhov chaw saib ntawm ib sab mus rau lwm qhov (tsis yog rau pem hauv ntej lossis rov qab) ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm.

Muab lub koob yees duab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ruaj khov lossis lub koob yees duab pem hauv ntej ntawm cov khoom txav. Teem lub kaw qhov tseem ceeb hom (qhia los ntawm cov ntawv S lossis Tv), ISO rhiab heev yog 100, shutter ceev yog 1/500.

Nqa cov duab ntawm cov khoom hla pem hauv ntej lub koob yees duab. Tom qab ntawd hloov lub shutter ceev mus rau 1/60 thiab siv lwm qhov kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov khoom txav.

Thaum kawg, teeb tus nqi shutter ceev rau 1/10.

Koj pom dab tsi txawv ntawm peb daim duab?

5. Qhov tseem ceeb dawb tshuav

Qhov nyiaj tshuav dawb yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias koj khaws cov duab hauv JPEG hom. Feem ntau lub koob yees duab lawv tus kheej yog qhov zoo heev ntawm kev teeb tsa dawb, tab sis nws yuav zoo kom paub tswj qhov kev ntsuas no manually yog tias lub koob yees duab nco.

Koj xav tau ib qho chaw nrog peb qhov chaw sib txawv. Nws tsis ua li cas yog tias cov peev txheej no tsis nyob ze, koj tuaj yeem txav nrog lub koob yees duab. Thiab koj kuj xav tau ib daim ntawv dawb nrog cov ntawv sau (kom pom tseeb).

Teem programmed hom. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj siv cov kev teeb tsa tsis siv neeg rau shutter ceev, aperture thiab ISO, tab sis tswj cov nyiaj dawb. Ib zaug ntxiv, peb tab tom tham txog cov chaw uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws, tab sis qhov kev siv ntawm hom no yuav txawv rau txhua tus neeg tsim khoom.

Nrhiav ib qho chaw nrog lub teeb ntuj. Teem lub dawb tshuav hom rau "Hnub". Nws yog feem ntau qhia los ntawm lub hnub icon. Siv ib daim duab ntawm daim ntawv dawb nrog nruab hnub poob rau ntawm nws (txawm tias hnub dhau los).

Sim tsis txhob txav deb ntawm qhov chaw tua, rov kho qhov nyiaj tshuav dawb hauv "Incandescent" hom, uas, qhov tseeb, yog qhia los ntawm lub cim ntawm lub teeb. Rov ua dua daim duab dhau los. Thaum kawg, teeb lub hom rau "Ntxhais Duab" (lub tsev icon). Thiab muab daim duab dua.

Tom qab ntawd mus rau lub teeb pom kev zoo: lub teeb fluorescent lossis lub teeb incandescent. Ib zaug ntxiv, koj yuav tsum nqa peb daim duab ntawm daim ntawv dawb nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib npaug dawb, zoo li lub sijhawm dhau los. Nco ntsoov tias lub teeb los ntawm qhov chaw ntog ntawm daim ntawv, thiab tsis dhau los ntawm nws.

Dab tsi tshwm sim rau daim ntawv dawb xim hauv txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj? Dawb tuaj yeem txawv, txoj cai? Puas yog xim daj lossis xiav thaum tua hauv Duab ntxoov ntxoo? Tam sim no nws paub meej rau koj tias nws ua haujlwm li cas. Siv nws.

Cov lus teb thiab cov lus qhia

Ua si tau zoo, tam sim no nws yog lub sijhawm los nkag siab qhov koj xav tau pom thaum txhua qhov kev tawm dag zog.

1. Hauv thawj qhov kev tawm dag zog, koj yuav tsum pom ntau yam khoom hauv kev tsom xam raws li qhov aperture nce. Thaum koj tsom mus rau cov ntsiab lus uas nyob deb ntawm lub koob yees duab, qhov tob ntawm thaj teb kuj nce nrog tus nqi aperture.
2. Koj lub koob yees duab cia li teeb tsa qhov kis tau zoo li lub ntiaj teb yog 18% grey. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov khoom dub thiab dawb coj mus rau grey tint. Yog tias koj tab tom tua tej yam grey zoo li asphalt, tsis tas yuav hloov kho ntxiv. Tab sis, kom whiten dawb, koj yuav tsum overexpose tus ncej, thiab kom blacken dub, underexpose tus ncej.
3. Raws li qhov rhiab heev, cov suab nrov digital (tsis zoo li nplej ntawm zaj duab xis, tab sis zoo sib xws) nce. Lub suab nrov tsis tshua xav tau, thiab raws li thev naus laus zis txhim kho, lub koob yees duab manufacturers tau kawm los kho qhov teeb meem no. Yog li ntawd, txawm tias tsib xyoos dhau los, cov kws yees duab tsis tau qhia kom teeb tsa tus nqi rhiab heev tshaj 800. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem tua ntawm ISO 2000 nrog cov txiaj ntsig txaus. Tab sis txhua lub koob yees duab nws muaj nws tus kheej txwv, uas pom empirically.
4. Qhov qeeb ntawm lub shutter kaw, qhov ntau plooj lub thav duab ua. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias koj txav lub koob yees duab, lossis qhov tseeb tias cov ntsiab lus txav mus. Cov nyhuv no tsis yog ib txwm phem, thiab koj tuaj yeem nqa cov duab zoo nkauj nrog nws. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj. Yog li sim nrog kev tua ntawm qhov sib txawv shutter speeds.
5. Qhov nyiaj tshuav dawb yog qhov nyuaj rau nrhiav tau thaum muaj ntau lub teeb sib txawv nyob ib puag ncig, tab sis qhov kev xaiv no yuav pab kho cov xim hauv daim duab. Artificial teeb ua daj lossis ntsuab hues, duab ntxoov ntxoo thiab huab cua huab cua ua rau cov duab xiav. Yog tias koj xav hloov cov xim hauv daim duab, sim ua haujlwm nrog qhov chaw dawb tshuav nyiaj li cas.

Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev yees duab yog lub peev xwm rov ua dua. Koj muab ib daim duab, ces muab nws dua. Khaws qhov muag ntawm kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem pab koj tau txais kev paub zoo los ntawm kev sim. Tsuas yog ib qho kev hloov pauv - thiab qhov tshwm sim zoo li txawv heev.

Mus tom ntej thiab sim. Qhov ntau koj tua thiab ntau zaus koj saib lub ntiaj teb los ntawm lub lens, koj yuav kawm ntau dua.