Yuav ua li cas rau nruab Linux: cov lus qhia ntxaws

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Tam sim no txhua tus tuaj yeem txhim kho Mint, Ubuntu, thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam ntawm Windows thiab macOS khoos phis tawj lossis tsis muaj.

Linux tuaj yeem ua ke rau ntau yam laj thawj. Piv txwv li, koj lub khoos phis tawj qub tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho mus rau qhov tshiab ntawm Windows lossis macOS, lossis koj xav tau cov ntawv thov Linux tshwj xeeb, lossis koj tsuas yog xav sim sim ib qho tshiab. Los yog tej zaum koj nyuam qhuav yuav lub khoos phis tawj tshiab tsis muaj kev khiav haujlwm thiab xav txuag nyiaj los ntawm kev xaiv Linux dawb.

Txhim kho Linux yog ib qho yooj yim. Tau kawg, muaj kev faib khoom zoo li Arch, uas yog qhov nyuaj heev rau nruab rau tus pib. Tab sis feem ntau niaj hnub kev faib khoom yog yooj yim heev rau nruab. Tej zaum txawm tias yooj yim dua thiab sai dua Windows.

Ua ntej txhim kho Linux ntawm koj lub computer loj, thaub qab koj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog partitions ntawm koj lub hard drive, koj yuav inadvertently lwv tej yam tseem ceeb. Tau kawg, yog tias koj ua raws li cov lus qhia thiab ua tib zoo nyeem qhov koj tab tom ua, ces tsis muaj dab tsi xav txog yuav tshwm sim. Tab sis backup yog ib qho zoo heev lawm.

Koj tuaj yeem nruab Linux ntawm cov khoos phis tawj uas khiav Windows thiab macOS, lossis ntawm ib qho nyuaj tsav. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv Linux ua koj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, lossis siv nws nrog koj lub cev qub.

1. Rub tawm Linux faib

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom siv faib khoom. Peb sab saum toj ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws Linux faib yuav pab koj txiav txim siab.

Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum rub tawm cov kev faib khoom xaiv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no yog ib qho yooj yim li shelling pears: qhib qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv faib khoom, nrhiav cov seem rub tawm thiab xaiv qhov uas haum rau koj lub processor bitness.

Raws li txoj cai, Linux kev faib tawm ntawm cov vev xaib raug cai raug muab rub tawm hauv ob txoj hauv kev. Thawj txoj kev yog ib txwm download. Qhov thib ob yog los ntawm P2P ntawm tus neeg siv torrent. Qhov thib ob txoj kev yog, ntawm chav kawm, sai dua. Yog li xaiv nws yog tias koj xav txuag sijhawm.

2. Hlawv qhov kev faib tawm rau hauv xov xwm

Thaum cov khoom siv faib tau rub tawm hauv ISO hom, koj yuav tsum tau hlawv nws rau CD lossis USB flash drive li niaj zaus.

Hlawv rau CD tuaj yeem ua tiav siv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem: "Hlawv disk duab" Windows lossis "Disk Utility" macOS. Nws yog txaus los nyem rau ntawm daim duab loaded nrog txoj cai nas khawm thiab xaiv cov khoom sib xws hauv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov.

Koj yuav xav tau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb los hlawv ISO rau USB flash drive. Rau Windows nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv Rufus, thiab rau macOS - Etcher. Cov kev pab cuam no muaj ib tug yooj yim interface, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tsis meej pem nyob rau hauv lawv.

Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog tsuas yog qhib cov ntsiab lus ntawm ISO archive mus rau USB flash drive. Qhov no, txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog ua haujlwm nrog ntau dua lossis tsawg dua cov khoos phis tawj niaj hnub uas muaj UEFI tshiab es tsis txhob siv BIOS li qub.

3. Npaj lub disk muab faib

Cov kauj ruam no yuav tsum tau ua yog tias koj xav khaws lub kaw lus rau koj thiab siv Linux tib lub sijhawm. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab hloov koj lub khoos phis tawj mus rau Linux tag nrho lossis nruab OS ntawm lub hard disk, hla cov kab lus no.

Qhov rai

Qhib Windows Disk Management Tool. Xaiv lub disk lossis muab faib los ntawm qhov koj npaj yuav txiav qee qhov chaw rau koj lub Linux installation. Rau feem ntau cov kev faib tawm, 15 GB yog ntau tshaj qhov txaus. Tab sis yog tias koj npaj rau kev txhim kho ntau lub apps, siv ntau dua. Right-click lub muab faib thiab xaiv Shrink Volume. Sau qhov loj me thiab nyem OK.

Cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntev heev, yog li thov ua siab ntev.

Thaum Disk Management ua tiav resizing partitions, ib qho chaw khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob. Peb yuav nruab Linux rau ntawd.

Tom qab ntawd, yog tias koj tsis xav tau Linux, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov partitions nrog nws thiab muab qhov chaw pub dawb rov qab rau Windows siv tib "Disk Management Tools".

macOS

Koj tuaj yeem faib chaw rau koj qhov kev teeb tsa Linux los ntawm macOS Disk Utility. Xaiv koj lub tsav thiab nyem rau ntawm "+" kos npe los tsim Linux faib. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ib pliag los tsim ib qho kev faib tshiab.

4. Npaj lub bootloader

Qhov rai

Cov khoom no tsuas yog siv rau cov khoos phis tawj tshiab uas tau teeb tsa ua ntej Windows 10, 8.1, lossis 8. Cov khoos phis tawj no siv UEFI khau raj loader uas yuav tiv thaiv koj los ntawm booting ib qho system uas tsis yog Windows.

Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov no, mus rau koj lub khoos phis tawj lub BIOS nqis thiab lov tes taw kev xaiv Secure Boot. Ces reboot. Ua tiav, tam sim no koj tuaj yeem rub tawm thiab nruab lwm lub tshuab nrog koj lub Windows.

macOS

Tsis zoo li feem ntau cov khoos phis tawj, Mac xav tau ob peb kauj ruam ntxiv rau nruab Linux ntawm ob lub khau raj nrog macOS.

Disable SIP ua ntej. Reboot koj Mac thiab nias Cmd + R. Cov ntawv qhia zaub mov rov tshwm sim. Xaiv "Terminal" hauv nws thiab nkag mus

csrutil lov tes taw

Restart koj Mac dua. SIP yog neeg xiam.

Download tau thiab nruab rEFInd. Lub built-in Boot Camp qhov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem pab koj nruab Windows. rEFInd tuaj yeem khau raj macOS, Windows, thiab Linux. Yog li koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov system yuav khau raj thaum pib.

Unpack rEFInd. Tom qab ntawd qhib "Terminal" thiab ntaus ntawv

diskutil lis

… Nrhiav lub npe ntawm koj EFI bootloader hauv cov npe uas tshwm. Feem ntau qhov no yog / dev / disk0s1.

Nkag mus

mount / dev / disk0s1

thiab khiav lub rEFInd installation los ntawm dragging install.sh los ntawm unzipped nplaub tshev mus rau lub qhov rais Terminal.

5. khau raj Linux los ntawm kev tshaj tawm

Reboot thiab xaiv koj li Linux stick lossis CD li bootable media. Qhov no yog ua txawv ntawm txawv computers. Ntawm cov khoom siv Windows, kev txiav txim khau raj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab siv Esc, F9, lossis BIOS ntawv qhia zaub mov. Ntawm Mac, qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm qhov ntev nias lub Option key.

6. Pib lub installation Linux

Peb tau txais tos los ntawm Linux installer. Piv txwv li, cia peb coj Linux Mint faib rau nws qhov chaw. Tab sis cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa rau Ubuntu, openSUSE, Fedora, Debian, Manjaro, thiab lwm yam kev faib tawm feem ntau yuav luag zoo ib yam.

Ib qho kev zam yog kev faib tawm uas siv pseudo-graphic installer. Tsuas yog qhov sib txawv loj ntawm tus installer no yog tias koj yuav tsum siv cov yuam sij los xaiv cov kev xaiv hauv nws. Txwv tsis pub, txhua yam yog tib yam.

Xaiv hom lus koj xav siv hauv lub kaw lus thiab nyem "Txuas ntxiv".

Qhia meej cov keyboard layout koj xav siv ntxiv rau lus Askiv.

Kos "Nruab thib peb software" lossis "Nruab multimedia codecs" kom Linux tuaj yeem siv tus tswv tsav tsheb thiab codecs.

Qhov kev xaiv "Download hloov tshiab thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa", yog tias tam sim no, tuaj yeem qhib kom lub kaw lus rub tawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thaum nws tab tom raug teeb tsa. Los yog tso nws tawm yog tias koj muaj kev sib txuas hauv internet qeeb thiab hloov kho tom qab.

7. Muab faib lub disk

Qhov no yog ib theem tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tsum ceev faj heev.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej no txawv nyob ntawm seb koj puas xav nruab Linux ib sab ntawm koj lub cev lossis hloov lub kaw lus. Tsis txhob yuam kev tshem tawm cov disc yog tias koj xav tawm hauv lub cev.

Yuav ua li cas rau nruab Linux hloov ntawm qhov system tam sim no

Yog li, koj tau txiav txim siab los nruab Linux es tsis txhob ntawm koj qhov system tam sim no (lossis ntawm qhov khoob khoob khoob). Muaj ob txoj kev xaiv.

Tsis siv neeg

Tus installer yuav lwv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm koj lub disk, tsim cov partitions tshiab thiab nruab qhov system yam tsis muaj teeb meem rau koj nrog cov lus nug tsis tsim nyog. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, xaiv "Lwv Disk thiab Nruab Linux". Ua ntej ua qhov kev teeb tsa huv, txuag koj cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lwm lub hard drive lossis huab cia.

Kev tuav tes

Txoj kev no tsim nyog yog tias koj xav teeb qhov ntev rau koj cov partitions koj tus kheej lossis, piv txwv li, tsim ib qho kev faib cais rau koj cov ntaub ntawv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, xaiv "Lwm txoj kev xaiv" thiab nyem "Ntxiv mus".

Linux yuav tso saib cov partitions koj muaj nyob rau hauv koj lub computer. Koj tuaj yeem rho tawm lawv, hom ntawv, lossis, hloov pauv, tawm cov ntu nrog cov ntaub ntawv koj xav khaws cia.

Txhawm rau nruab Linux hloov ntawm koj lub kaw lus, xaiv qhov muab faib nrog OS ntsia thiab tshem nws nrog lub pob "-". Tom qab ntawd tsim cov partitions tshiab hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj.

• Hauv paus muab faib rau Linux system cov ntaub ntawv. Xaiv cov ntaub ntawv Ext4 thiab mount point /.
• Swap partition, los yog swap partition. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias koj tsis muaj RAM txaus, tab sis ceev SSD tsav. Xaiv Swap Partition los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus.
• Tshooj tsev uas koj cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug khaws cia. Xaiv cov ntaub ntawv Ext4 thiab / tsev mount point.

Nyem "Ntxiv" thiab paub meej tias cov kev hloov pauv. Tus installer yuav tshem tawm cov partitions uas koj xaiv thiab tsim cov tshiab hauv qhov chaw so.

Yuav ua li cas rau nruab Linux ib sab ntawm qhov system tam sim no

Muaj ob txoj hauv kev rau nruab Linux nrog koj lub cev.

Tsis siv neeg

Feem ntau Linux installers yuav pom tam sim ntawd cov tshuab koj tau nruab. Yog tias koj tsis tau tsim qhov chaw disk cais rau Linux, koj tuaj yeem sim xaiv qhov "Nruab ib sab ntawm Windows" kev xaiv. Lub installer yuav tsim cov partitions tsim nyog ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab koj tsis tas yuav ua dab tsi manually. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, koj yuav tau xaiv qhov xav tau system thaum koj boot koj lub computer.

Kev tuav tes

Yog tias koj xav txiav txim siab rau koj tus kheej ntau npaum li cas los faib rau lub kaw lus, thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia hauv kab lus 3, nyem "Lwm yam kev xaiv" thiab nyem "Txuas ntxiv". Koj yuav pom koj cov partitions disk thiab qhov chaw khoob uas peb tau npaj rau Linux. Tsim ib lub hauv paus muab faib muaj (mount point /) raws li tau piav saum toj no. Cov ntu hauv tsev tsis tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no: koj tuaj yeem luam thiab hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm koj lub ntsiab system.

Nyem Txuas ntxiv. Lub installer yuav tso koj cov ntaub ntawv nyob qhov twg. Nws tsuas yog tsim cov partitions tshiab hauv qhov chaw dawb. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov system uas koj xav khau raj thaum pib.

8. Ua kom tiav Linux installation

Ces txhua yam yog yooj yim. Tus installer yuav nug koj seb koj nyob qhov twg los txiav txim siab koj lub sijhawm thiab yuav hais kom koj xaiv koj hom lus uas koj nyiam.

Ces koj yuav raug hais kom qhia koj tus kheej. Sau koj lub npe thiab tsim tus password. Tsis txhob hnov qab nws, raws li koj yuav xav tau nws los ua kom tiav cov haujlwm sawv cev ntawm txhua tus. Koj tuaj yeem encrypt koj lub tsev nplaub tshev yog tias koj xav tau.

Lub installation ntawm lub system yuav pib. Tos thaum Linux luam nws cov ntaub ntawv.

Thaum cov txheej txheem tiav, koj yuav raug ceeb toom kom tshem tawm lub installation disc thiab reboot. Tsis txhob hnov qab kaw khau raj los ntawm cov tsav sab nraud hauv BIOS yog tias koj qhib nws.

Thaum koj rov pib dua thiab koj lub Linux desktop tshwm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj, koj tuaj yeem ua txhua yam koj ua hauv Windows thiab macOS: nthwv dej hauv Internet, kho cov ntaub ntawv thiab mloog suab paj nruag. Tab sis ua ntej ntawd, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum hloov kho - cov khoom sib xws feem ntau tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov tseem ceeb ntawm lub kaw lus.

Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem saib mus rau hauv "Application Store" (lossis nws qhov sib npaug, nyob ntawm qhov kev faib tawm) txhawm rau txhim kho cov ntawv thov uas koj xav tau. Thiab thaum kawg, xaiv lub wallpaper zoo nkauj.

Sim Linux thiab koj yuav pom tias nws tsis yooj yim dua hauv lub neej niaj hnub dua li Windows lossis macOS.

Cov ntawv nyeem ntawm tsab xov xwm tau hloov kho kawg rau lub Peb Hlis 11, 2021.