Cov txheej txheem:

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub koob yees duab smartphone hais dab tsi thiab koj tuaj yeem ntseeg lawv?
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub koob yees duab smartphone hais dab tsi thiab koj tuaj yeem ntseeg lawv?
Anonim

Lifehacker qhia yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas kaum tawm megapixels thiab qhov sib txawv focal lengths.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub koob yees duab smartphone hais dab tsi thiab koj tuaj yeem ntseeg lawv?
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub koob yees duab smartphone hais dab tsi thiab koj tuaj yeem ntseeg lawv?

Thaum kaj ntug ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm smartphones, ib tug cais pawg sawv tawm - lub koob yees duab xov tooj: nyob rau hauv cov gadgets lub siab tshaj plaws xim tau them rau lub koob yees duab. Tam sim no txhua tus qauv flagship ntawm yuav luag txhua hom yog sim ua kom nyiam nrog kev siv lub koob yees duab nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab nthuav. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv yog npog los ntawm cov lus nrov, cov lus hais siab tawv, cov lej loj thiab lawv tus kheej lub npe ntawm cov thev naus laus zis. Tab sis nws puas tuaj yeem rho tawm ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lawv thiab nkag siab tias lub koob yees duab no puas tuaj yeem tsim cov duab zoo? Cia peb xav txog tam sim no.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Smartphone koob yees duab

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub koob yees duab smartphone yog qhov tseem ceeb tib yam li cov koob yees duab digital. Tab sis koj yuav tsum to taub dab tsi qhov no los yog qhov parameter yog lub luag hauj lwm rau.

Megapixels

Cov neeg tsim khoom tau them nyiaj ntau tshaj rau lawv hauv kev tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm. Lub pixel yog lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm lub koob yees duab sensor, lossis photodiode. Nws muaj plaub subpixels, txhua qhov, vim lub teeb lim, cia tsuas yog lub teeb ntawm nws tus kheej ntxoov ntxoo kom dhau mus. Feem ntau cov no yog liab, xiav thiab ntsuab. Los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xim no, ib qho taw qhia ntawm qhov xav tau ntxoov ntxoo thiab qhov xav tau ci ntsa iab tau txais.

Qee lub tuam txhab tau txav deb ntawm cov tswv yim nrov tshaj plaws thiab ntxiv cov xim dawb lossis daj rau cov xim liab, xiav thiab ntsuab xim lim. Hauv qhov no, photodiode captures lub teeb ntau dua thiab cov duab ci dua.

Megapixels qhia txog qhov kev daws teeb meem uas lub koob yees duab muaj peev xwm thaij duab, uas yog, pes tsawg lab pixels cov duab kawg yuav muaj.

Niaj hnub no, ntau lub tuam txhab nthuav tawm cov xov tooj smartphones nrog 48, 64 lossis 108 megapixel lub koob yees duab uas ua haujlwm hauv hom kev sib koom ua ke. Nyob rau hauv xws li sensors, lub pixels tsis muaj plaub, tab sis ntawm 16 subpixels, ua ke los ntawm plaub. Whereas nyob rau hauv ib tug classic sensor, piv txwv li, ib pixel muaj ib tug xiav, ob ntsuab thiab ib tug liab subpixels, nyob rau hauv high-resolution koob yees duab nws muaj plaub xiav, yim ntsuab thiab plaub liab subpixels.

Smartphone koob yees duab specifications: pixels
Smartphone koob yees duab specifications: pixels

Los ntawm kev nce tus naj npawb ntawm pixels, lub teeb rhiab heev nce thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov duab loj hlob - qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj tshaj plaws thiab lub teeb tshaj plaws hauv daim duab. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, 48 megapixel lub koob yees duab, vim yog kev sib xyaw ua ke, qhov tseeb tsim cov duab nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm 12 megapixels. Thiab tsis muaj dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm ntawm no: qhov no yog qhov xwm txheej thaum ntau hloov mus rau qhov zoo, thiab cov duab nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm 4000 × 3000 (cov tib 12 megapixels) yog qhov txaus rau kev tshaj tawm hauv kev tes hauj lwm.

Sensor loj

Qhov no yog kab tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub koob yees duab smartphone. Qhov loj ntawm lub sensor qhia txog thaj chaw uas lub teeb-sensitive diodes nyob. Qhov loj dua lub sensor, qhov loj dua cov pixels lawv tus kheej tuaj yeem ua tau, thiab qhov loj dua pixel, qhov zoo dua nws khaws lub teeb. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg pixels nyob rau hauv niaj hnub mobile lub koob yees duab sensors yog los ntawm 0.8 mus rau 2.4 microns, txawm li cas los xij, qhov tom kawg tau ua tiav los ntawm kev sib xyaw subpixels, uas peb tau tham txog hauv kab lus dhau los.

Lub teeb ntau lub sensor tuaj yeem ntes tau, qhov zoo dua cov duab ntes los ntawm lub koob yees duab yuav zoo dua. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tua nyob rau hauv lub teeb qis. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, nws yuav tig tawm tias lub sensor nrog tsawg dua pixels loj dua yuav tsim cov duab zoo dua li lub sensor nrog cov pixels loj dua, vim tias txhua lub photodiode tau ntes ntau lub teeb thiab, raws li, cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv.

Ntawd yog, lub koob yees duab nrog tsawg dua pixels hauv nws cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua lub koob yees duab nrog ntau tus pixels vim qhov tseeb tias cov pixels lawv tus kheej loj dua.

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub smartphones, qhov ntev ntawm lub sensors yog qhia nyob rau hauv feem feem ntawm ib nti. Qhov loj tshaj plaws sensor - 50-megapixel Samsung ISOCELL GN2 - yog ntsia hauv Xiaomi Mi 11 Ultra: nws kab pheeb ces kaum yog 1/1, 12 ntiv tes.

Smartphone koob yees duab specifications: Xiaomi
Smartphone koob yees duab specifications: Xiaomi

Lens

Cov lo ntsiab muag siv muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau cov duab zoo. Lawv muaj cov lo ntsiab muag - pob tshab daim hlau nrog qee yam khoom siv kho qhov muag. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub lens yog kom raug distort qhov teeb meem teeb pom kev zoo. Hom distortion nyob ntawm cov duab ntawm lub phaj.

Cov lo ntsiab muag feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ntau lub lo ntsiab muag, vim tias ib qho tsis txaus. Curved thiab concave lo ntsiab muag ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Kev xaiv kom raug thiab tso rau hauv lub lens yuav cuam tshuam cov duab meej thiab qhov sib txawv. Nrog rau lub lens nkhaus, optical distortion tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv ib co lo ntsiab muag, xws li wide-angle lo ntsiab muag, distortion, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, tau ua ib tug stylistic feature. Muaj tseeb, qee cov khoom siv tau kho lawv nyob rau theem tom qab ua tiav.

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub smartphones, lub koob yees duab modules muaj ob peb lo ntsiab muag, txhua tus uas muaj nws tus kheej sensor, haum rau ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj hauj lwm. Feem ntau cov no yog cov qauv, wide-angle thiab macro lo ntsiab muag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias smartphones nrog ob peb lo ntsiab muag pom tseeb zoo dua nrog ib qho: nws nyob ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm ib qho khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Tej zaum nws yuav tshwm sim tias ntawm ntau lub koob yees duab hauv ib lub module, tsis muaj ib qho yuav muab qhov kev lees paub thiab qhov ntau yuav tsis tig mus rau qhov zoo.

Focal ntev thiab aperture

Qhov qis ntawm qhov focal ntev, qhov siab dua lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub lens, thiab vice versa - lo ntsiab muag nrog lub siab focal ntev tua deb, tab sis tib lub sij hawm nrog lub kaum sab xis me me.

Lub aperture qhia ntau npaum li cas lub teeb hits lub koob yees duab sensor los ntawm lub lens. Feem ntau cov smartphones muaj lub aperture ruaj khov, uas yog qhov piv ntawm qhov focal ntev rau qhov loj ntawm lub koob yees duab inlet.

Qhov ntau lub teeb hits lub sensor thiab qhov loj ntawm lub koob yees duab inlet, qhov ntiav qhov tob ntawm daim teb, uas yog, tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus yuav nyob rau hauv tsom, thiab lub keeb kwm yav dhau tom qab nws yuav plooj.

Txhawm rau kom qhov tob ntawm daim teb, koj yuav tsum tau txo qhov inlet, txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tseem yuav txo qhov ci. Hauv smartphones, qhov no feem ntau ua tiav programmatically. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv niaj hnub no siv cov modules nrog ntau lub lo ntsiab muag - nrog rau cov lo ntsiab muag sib txawv, qhov ntev focal ntev thiab apertures. Yog li tsis txhob cia siab rau software ua, koj tuaj yeem hloov ntawm lo ntsiab muag.

Smartphone koob yees duab specifications: NTS
Smartphone koob yees duab specifications: NTS

Smartphones niaj hnub no tau nruab nrog cov tshuab autofocus siab heev. Piv txwv li, hauv PDAF thev naus laus zis, qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub koob yees duab sensor yog siv los ua cov ntsiab lus focal. Ob lub pixels uas nyob ib sab yog nyob rau hauv thiaj li hais tias ib tug ntawm lawv perceives lub teeb flux los ntawm saum toj no, thiab lwm yam los ntawm hauv qab no, thiab lub kaw lus kho qhov tsom xam yog txawv npaum li cas ntawm lub teeb poob ntawm lub pixels.

Smartphone koob yees duab specifications: Sony 2 × 2 OCL tsom system
Smartphone koob yees duab specifications: Sony 2 × 2 OCL tsom system

Kuj tseem muaj laser thiab qhov sib piv-raws li autofocus. Qee lub tuam txhab siv thev naus laus zis hauv cov koob yees duab uas tso cai rau koj tsom mus rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb hauv tus ncej, piv txwv li, paub lub ntsej muag thiab ua kom pom tseeb.

Zoom

Zoom qhia tau tias cov duab kaw li cas. Muaj ob txoj kev zoom: digital thiab optical. Cov digital tsuas loj hlob thiab qoob loo cov duab puv loj. Lub lens optical siv cov lo ntsiab muag tshwj xeeb rau kev nthuav dav, uas, vim qhov tseeb ntawm lub lens, tuaj yeem saib deb.

Nrog rau kev txhim kho cov koob yees duab hauv smartphones, ntau thiab ntau cov modules nrog optical zoom tau pib tshwm - feem ntau 2X lossis 3X. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj cov kev xaiv uas cov tuam txhab hu ua periscopes. Xws li lo ntsiab muag siv lub kaw lus ntawm lo ntsiab muag thiab tsom iav nyob rau sab hauv lub cev ntawm lub xov tooj smartphone, thiab vim yog lawv, koj tuaj yeem tau txais, piv txwv li, tsib npaug zoom. Yuav ze npaum li cas koj tuaj yeem tau txais rau ib daim duab nyob ntawm qhov focal ntev.

Smartphone koob yees duab specifications: Huawei
Smartphone koob yees duab specifications: Huawei

Qhov siab tshaj plaws optical zoom uas smartphones muaj hnub no yog 10x. Nws pom nyob rau hauv Huawei P40 Pro + (nws yog nyob rau hauv nws uas tib "periscope" yog siv) thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg lo ntsiab muag ntawm Samsung Galaxy S21 Ultra. Rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no tsis xav tau lub zog zoom, cov xov tooj smartphones no tseem muaj cov lo ntsiab muag nrog qis dua - peb zaug.

Pab sensors

Lub teeb sensors, qhov tob sensors, rangefinders, lidars - tag nrho cov tshuab no pab lub xov tooj smartphone kom nkag siab qhov twg cov khoom raug yees duab nyob, lawv tau teeb pom kev zoo li cas, txawm tias lawv tsiv los tsis yog. Lub smartphone siv cov ntaub ntawv tau txais ob qho tib si hauv qhov pom thiab hauv cov txheej txheem tom qab ua tiav, ua tiav thiab kho cov duab.

Qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov sensors nyob deb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: ib qho me me ntawm pixels txaus rau lawv ua lawv txoj haujlwm zoo. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tsis thoob pom, piv txwv li, qhov tob sensor nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm 2 megapixels: muaj txaus ntawm lawv rau nws txoj haujlwm.

Video Resolution thiab Frame Rate

Video daws teeb meem qhia tias pes tsawg pixels yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ncej. Thiab tus ncej tus nqi yog pes tsawg tus ncej ib ob yuav raug coj mus.

Raws li cov pixels loj tuaj, qhov nthuav dav thiab pom tseeb ntawm cov duab txhim kho. Raws li tus ncej tus nqi nce, cov nyhuv qhov muag plooj txo qis, cov yees duab zoo li ntse dua thiab pom tau zoo dua los ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag. Dab tsi ntxiv, yees duab ntes ntawm tus ncej siab tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb mus rau qhov paub 24fps rau qhov ntxim nyiam ua haujlwm qeeb.

HDR

HDR stands rau High Dynamic Range, uas yog qhov sib txawv loj ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj tshaj plaws thiab lub teeb tshaj plaws ntawm daim duab. Lub koob yees duab hauv HDR hom siv ob peb daim duab (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm video shooting - thav duab) nrog sib txawv exposures thiab ces muab lawv, ntsuas qhov kaj thiab tsaus. Vim qhov no, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov sib piv ntau dua thiab cov duab nthuav dav.

Tom qab ua khawv koob

Cov yam ntxwv qhuav ntawm lub koob yees duab smartphone yog, ntawm chav kawm, tsis meej pem thiab txaus ntshai. Thiab qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog tias nws tsis muaj tseeb kom nkag siab tsuas yog los ntawm cov lej no li cas lub koob yees duab smartphone yuav tua.

Ntxiv nrog rau qhov system ntawm lo ntsiab muag thiab sensors nyob ib ncig ntawm lub koob yees duab, kuj tseem muaj cov hlua khi los ntawm cov duab processor thiab cov software tom qab ua tiav - algorithms uas txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tau txais thiab siv ntau yam khoom tsim tawm. Yog li ntawd, cov tuam txhab uas siv tib lub sensors tuaj yeem xaus nrog cov duab sib txawv vim muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv tom qab ua tiav.

Txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom muaj nws tus kheej txoj hauv kev rau xim rendering thiab tsom xam ntawm cov khoom ciam teb. Txhua lub tuam txhab siv ntau yam kev ua kom yuam kev thiab thev naus laus zis txhawm rau txhawm rau xaus nrog cov duab uas phim lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj. Qee lub npe siv tshuab kev kawm kom raug txheeb xyuas cov khoom hauv tus ncej thiab seb lawv yuav tsum zoo li cas, thiab qhov no yog txhua feem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ib yam nkaus.

Cia peb ua piv txwv yooj yim ntawm cov smartphones nrov. Hauv Realme 7 Pro thiab Samsung Galaxy M51, lub koob yees duab tseem ceeb tau tsim los ntawm tib lub sensors - Sony IMX682. Nws yog 64-megapixel sensor siv los ntawm Quad Bayer sub-pixel aggregation system thiab tsim cov duab nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm 16 megapixels (tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv hom puv loj). Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lawv muaj tib lub sensors, cov duab lawv tus kheej yog txawv kiag li.

Smartphone koob yees duab specifications: Realme, Samsung
Smartphone koob yees duab specifications: Realme, Samsung

Samsung cov xim rendition nyob rau hauv nruab hnub nrig yog ntau muaj kua thiab vibrant, txawm tias tsis tau oversaturated. Cov duab los ntawm Realme 7 Pro tau txais me ntsis softer thiab ntau qhov tseeb gamut, tab sis qee zaum cov ciam teb ntawm cov ntsiab lus me me tau ploj hauv lawv, piv txwv li, ib tus neeg ntawm cov nyom nyom, tua kuj nyob deb. Ntawm Samsung, cov txheej txheem tom qab ua tiav thiab lub suab nrov txo cov ciam teb kom meej meej, uas, txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum tsim kev xav ntawm kev tsim khoom. Tsis meej pem cov duab thaij nrog cov xov tooj no yuav tsis ua haujlwm, txawm tias tib lub sensors.

Yuav ua li cas tom qab ua cov duab ua haujlwm ntawm ib lub xov tooj tshwj xeeb tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawm cov yam ntxwv. Tsuas yog cov kws tshaj lij kev tshuaj xyuas nrog cov duab sim coj hauv ntau hom yuav pab tau ntawm no.

Tsis muaj kev ntseeg hauv megapixels

Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb tsis lav cov duab zoo. Nws tsis tuaj yeem sib cav tias lub koob yees duab 108 megapixel yuav tua zoo dua li lub koob yees duab 64 megapixel, vim tias ntxiv rau megapixels, lwm lub koob yees duab tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim.

Thawj kauj ruam yog yuav tsum xyuam xim rau qhov loj ntawm lub sensor: qhov loj dua, lub teeb ntau dua nws tau txais, thiab cov duab zoo ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb lub teeb npaum li cas. Tom ntej no hauv qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov kho vajtse ib feem ntawm cov duab tom qab ua tiav, thiab tom qab ntawd software. Lawv ua haujlwm li cas tuaj yeem nkag siab tsuas yog pom cov duab coj los ntawm lub xov tooj nrog lub kaw lus no.

Qhov kev xaiv tsuas yog tso siab rau cov kev tshuaj xyuas uas cov duab kuaj tau luam tawm hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv: nyob rau hauv cov teeb pom kev sib txawv, hauv kev txav, ntawm qhov sib txawv, thiab lwm yam. Thiab tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws yees duab thiab tus neeg teb xov tooj yog caj npab ncaj thiab muaj peev xwm ntes lub sijhawm. Thiab tus so yog theem nrab.

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