Yog vim li cas kev sib tw rau megapixels hauv smartphones yog absurd

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Qhov zoo ntawm daim duab nyob ntawm ntau yam ntxwv, yog li lub koob yees duab 48 megapixel tseem tsis tau hais dab tsi.

Lub koob yees duab smartphone ua haujlwm li cas

Lub koob yees duab yog ib qho nyuaj: nws ua ke nrog lub sensor, lub tshuab kho qhov muag, tus tswj hwm thiab lwm yam khoom siv, nrog rau software rau kev yees duab thiab yees duab. Cia peb xav txog txhua yam hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv.

Matrix

Lub matrix yog ib daim duab plaub microcircuit uas muaj lub teeb-sensitive ntsiab - pixels. Txhua pixel muaj peb subpixels. Ib sub-pixel kis tsuas yog qee qhov wavelengths: rau liab, ntsuab lossis xiav (liab, ntsuab, xiav). Cov qauv xim no hu ua RGB.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov matrix tuaj yeem yog monochrome, tsis muaj xim lim. Peb zaug ntau npaum li photons poob ntawm txhua qhov ntawm nws cov pixels. Yog li ntawd, cov duab dub thiab dawb yog sharper. Xws li matrices tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho cov duab xim los ntawm lwm lub koob yees duab module.

Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm matrix yog kev daws teeb meem. Nws qhia txog pes tsawg pixels haum rau nws.

Lens

Lub lens me me ntawm lub xov tooj smartphone yog yuav luag ib qho ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Ib qho tsis tshua muaj xws li 4-5 lub ntsiab lus - feem ntau 7-8 lossis ntau dua.

Hauv smartphones nrog ntau lub koob yees duab, txhua lub matrix yuav muaj nws lub lens. Txhua tus ntawm lawv daws nws tus kheej qhov teeb meem:

• Telephoto Lens (telephoto) yog xav tau rau kev tua los ntawm qhov deb.
• Dav dav (shirik) yuav pab kom haum rau ntau yam khoom nyob rau hauv lub thav duab - qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau pab pawg neeg duab thiab architecture photography.
• Universal lub lens yuav tso cai rau koj los ua tib zoo tua txhua yam kev kawm: los ntawm portrait mus rau toj roob hauv pes.
• Varifocal lens (zoom) tuaj yeem coj cov ntsiab lus los ze zog.

Lens rau lub xov tooj smartphones yog ua los ntawm iav los yog polymers tshwj xeeb. Yog tias lawv cov pob tshab yog nyob deb ntawm qhov zoo tagnrho thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo, tsis txhob cia siab tias cov duab zoo. Txawm hais tias lub lens txav tau ob peb microns, lub tshuab kho qhov muag yuav defocus.

Diaphragm

Lub diaphragm yog lub qhov uas lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv lub koob yees duab. Lub teeb ntau npaum li cas lub sensor tuaj yeem tau txais nyob ntawm nws. Tus nqi aperture yog tso zis hauv f / 1, 7 hom.

Stabilization system

Stabilization them nyiaj rau qhov muag plooj los ntawm lub koob yees duab co, xws li thaum shooting handheld es tsis siv lub tripod. Nws tuaj yeem yog ob hom:

• Kho qhov muag. Kev ncaj ncees hluav taws xob-mechanical system uas tuav lub koob yees duab hauv ib txoj haujlwm (tsawg kawg nws sim). Nws muab koj cov duab sharper nrog suab nrov tsawg thiab zoo tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau kev ua software.
• Hluav taws xob. Cov no yog software algorithms. Lub koob yees duab tseem shakes, tab sis los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas ob peb thav ntawv, ib qho txiaj ntsig ntau dua lossis tsawg dua tsim nyog.

Autofocus qhov system

Autofocus nws tus kheej txiav txim siab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov khoom thiab kho qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub koob yees duab optics raws li. Peb hom tshuab yog siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub smartphones:

• Theem. Cov sensors tshwj xeeb sau lub teeb rays ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv hauv tus ncej. Tom qab ntawd lub teeb yog muab faib ua ob kwj thiab xa mus rau lub teeb sensor los txiav txim qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov khoom. Qhov zoo: siab precision thiab ceev ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Disadvantages: tus nqi siab, complexity ntawm tus tsim thiab nws cov chaw.
• Kev sib piv. Qhov sib piv ntawm qhov chaw raug tshuaj xyuas. Los ntawm kev hloov cov lo ntsiab muag, lub koob yees duab sim ua kom pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau. Qhov zoo: compact loj thiab tus nqi qis. Disadvantages: Lub kaw lus qeeb qeeb thiab tsis haum zoo rau cov xwm txheej dynamic.
• Hybrid. Muab cov theem thiab qhov sib piv tsom kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.

Software

Software kuj tseem raug suav hais tias yog ib feem ntawm lub koob yees duab, vim tias nws tau koom nrog ncaj qha rau kev tau txais cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tua. Niaj hnub no, tsis muaj smartphones muab rau koj thav ntawv raws li lawv yog, tsis muaj software ua. Sophisticated algorithms, feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv loj lossis cov cuab yeej txawj ntse, kho txhua qhov txhaj tshuaj kom "ua rau koj zoo nkauj."

Cov duab nyoos yuav tsis ci lossis pom meej txaus. Lub software tshem tawm overexposure, kos tawm qhov chaw tsaus, txhim kho xim, nce sharpness. Thiab nws ua txhua yam no tau thiab sai heev.

Tab sis kuj muaj qhov downside rau npib. Kev txo qis suab nrov tuaj yeem ua rau daim duab ntes thaum tsaus ntuj tshwm sim - zoo li nws muaj ntau qhov me me. Qhov no degrades nthuav dav thiab ua rau xim unnatural.

Tus naj npawb ntawm pixels cuam tshuam li cas?

Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws specifications ntawm lub smartphone feem ntau qhia lub cev loj ntawm lub koob yees duab matrix - ib yam dab tsi zoo li 1/2, 6 ″. Ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lub vev xaib, koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pixel loj hauv matrix. Qhov kev ntsuas no cuam tshuam rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv tus ncej. Qhov siab dua qhov kev daws teeb meem, cov ntsiab lus zoo dua yog rov tsim dua.

Tab sis yog tias cov pixels me me, lawv txhua tus tau txais lub teeb me me thiab tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov xim ntawm qhov taw tes hauv cov duab tiag tiag. Yog li ntawd, suab nrov tshwm nyob rau hauv daim duab.

Lub suab nrov yog tawg dots ntawm random xim thiab brightness. Qhov phem dua qhov illumination thiab qhov qis dua qhov zoo ntawm lub koob yees duab matrix, lub suab nrov yuav muaj nyob hauv daim duab.

Nws tus lej nyob rau hauv tus ncej yog proportional rau lub pixel loj los yog lub square ntawm matrix kab pheeb ces kaum. Yog tias peb sib piv ob lub matrices nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov loj 1, 55 µm thiab 1, 1 µm, ces nyob rau hauv lub thav duab nrog thawj yuav muaj ib nrab lub suab nrov.

Lub dynamic ntau yam ntawm matrix kuj tseem ceeb - nws muaj peev xwm mus ntes tag nrho cov spectrum ntawm cov xim thiab brightness ntawm ib puag ncig lub ntiaj teb no. Cov pheej yig muaj ntau yam me me, thiab cov duab tig tawm mus rau faded, hazy.

Vim li cas cov tuam txhab smartphone tab tom caum pixels

Vim cov neeg yuav khoom ib txwm xav tau tshaj plaws. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv ib lub tsheb rau 300 nees koj yuav tsum tau sawv ntsug nyob rau hauv lub tsheb jam los yog ua si solitaire ntawm ib tug txias gaming computer.

Koj puas yuav lub xov tooj smartphone twg rau tib tus nqi: nrog lub koob yees duab 12MP lossis 48MP? Xaiv qhov thib ob, koj tau txais plaub zaug ntau dua megapixels rau tib cov nyiaj. Tab sis koj cov duab yuav tsis tau plaub zaug zoo dua.

Ib lub sensor nrog ntau pixels me me yog pheej yig dua li lub sensor nrog pixels loj thiab yuav muag zoo dua.

Cov matrices loj siv ntau qhov chaw hauv lub smartphone. Optical system rau lawv kuj yuav tsum loj dua. Yog li ntawd, yuav muaj qhov chaw tsawg dua rau qhov seem ntawm lub cev. Lub smartphone yuav tuab dua lossis lub koob yees duab yuav tawm. Nws yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv nrog tempered los yog sapphire iav. Thiab qhov no kuj yog nyiaj.

Muag ib tug rog, kim smartphone yog nyuaj. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua rau xaj matrices nrog ntau tus me me pixels thiab ua qhov kev lag luam nrov nrov: ntxiv lub cim tsis siv neeg "tua nrog 48MP supermegaflagman" rau lub koob yees duab duab, kom txhua tus paub tias ib tug neeg tau yuav lub xov tooj tshiab. Thiab cia cov kiv cua thiab cov kws tshaj lij siv DSLRs.

Txawm hais tias Nokia, piv txwv li, tau siv sijhawm thiab tau txais lub koob yees duab zoo nkauj Lumia 1020 nrog 41 megapixel koob yees duab. Thiab qhov no yog xyoo 2013!

Dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm daim duab tiag tiag nyob ntawm?

Matrix thiab pixel loj

Yog tias koj coj ob lub matrices ntawm tib qhov kev daws teeb meem, ces daim duab ntawm qhov zoo dua yuav muaj peev xwm tau txais nrog qhov loj ntawm lawv. Nyob ntawd, cov pixels loj dua, uas txhais tau hais tias ntau photons poob rau txhua tus thaum tua. Yog li ntawd, subpixels tuaj yeem txiav txim siab cov xim ntawm ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb.

Nws yuav zoo li tias nyob rau hauv ib tug matrix pixels yog 1, 4 microns nyob rau hauv loj, thiab nyob rau hauv lwm yam - 1, 2 microns, lawv xyaum zoo tib yam. Tab sis 17% yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov pom tseeb uas yuav tshwm sim hauv qhov zoo ntawm cov duab thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj tua hauv lub teeb qis.

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov pixels uas nyob ib sab. Nyob rau hauv me me matrices, manufacturers frankly txuag rau nws. Hauv cov loj dua, lawv tuaj yeem tso cai rau koj cais cov pixels nyob sib ze kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam ib leeg.

Kev siv tshuab ntau lawm

Cov txheej txheem tshiab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab qhov siv ntawm lub teeb flux los ntawm tsawg dua photons, uas txhais tau hais tias koj tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj suab nrov thiab cov xim zoo, txawm tias koj tua thaum tsaus ntuj yam tsis muaj flash.

Tab sis koj yuav tsum nyeem thiab txheeb xyuas. Piv txwv li, HTC One (M7) smartphone muaj UltraPixel thev naus laus zis. Cov chaw tsim khoom tau cog lus tias yuav muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv qhov zoo ntawm cov duab thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab.

Qhov tseeb, UltraPixels tau dhau los ua qhov loj dua 2 micron pixels. Qhov no puas tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev siv tshuab tshiab? Tsis zoo li. Rau kev sib piv: Google Pixel, uas HTC kuj tau sib sau ua ke thiab uas ib zaug tau suav tias yog ib lub koob yees duab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub khw, muaj matrix nrog pixels ntawm 1.55 microns. Qhov loj ntawm lub koob yees duab tsis tau nce kom tsis txhob nce lub thickness ntawm lub smartphone. Lub matrix daws teeb meem ntawm 5 megapixels yog me me txawm rau xyoo 2014. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tsis muaj kab rau HTC One (M7).

Lwm qhov piv txwv yog cov thev naus laus zis zoo li Super Pixel lossis Quad Pixel. Plaub pixels uas nyob ib sab ntawm lub matrix loj yog ua ke kom tau txais daim duab ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem qis dua, tab sis zoo dua. Qhov kev daws teeb meem yog software dawb huv. Yog hais tias lub matrix yog li ntawd, cov efficiency yuav tsawg.

Stabilization

Optical stabilization yeej ib txwm zoo dua li digital. Tom qab ua tiav algorithms tseem yuav raug siv rau lub thav duab, thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua yog tias nws yog ntse pib.

Zoom

Txhawm rau kom ze rau cov ntsiab lus hauv tus ncej, qhov kho qhov muag zoom hloov cov lo ntsiab muag, thiab qhov zoo ntawm daim duab zoo tsis cuam tshuam. Digital zoom stretches ib feem ntawm daim duab kom sau tag nrho cov ncej. Cov yam ntxwv no muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev yees duab editor, feem ntau txawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov lub koob yees duab txheem. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tsim nyog them nyiaj rau digital zoom.

Autofocus qhov system

Contrast AF yog qhov pheej yig rau cov koob yees duab nruab nrab. Phase detection autofocus yog qhov tsim nyog yog tias koj tua cov menyuam yaus, miv lossis ncaws pob. Tab sis qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog hybrid system uas sib txuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb pom theem thiab qhov sib txawv nrhiav kom pom autofocus.

Diaphragm

Txij li thaum lub xov tooj smartphone siv los tua ntau yam xwm txheej, lub koob yees duab nrog lub aperture loj dua yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig: f / 1, 7 zoo dua f / 2, 0. Tus nqi siab dua (lossis tus lej qis dua tom qab txiav), qhov siab dua lub lens aperture thiab qhov ua tau zoo dua nws yuav ua haujlwm thaum tsaus ntuj lossis sab hauv tsev.

Hom lub npe

Yog, nws tsis yog ib qho cuab yeej tshaj tawm xwb. Nws tshwm sim tias tib lub matrix yog nruab rau hauv Suav smartphone thiab cov flagship ntawm A-brand. Tab sis cov zis txhaj tshuaj yog txawv heev.

Yog tias cov chaw tsim khoom tsis nqis peev rau kev siv zog thiab nyiaj txiag hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom siv, thev naus laus zis thiab software, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob cia siab tias yuav zoo nkauj, meej thav ntawv. Yog tias nws txuag txhua yam, piv txwv li, muab cov lo ntsiab muag pheej yig nrog cov pob tshab tsis zoo, qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim.

Yuav nco ntsoov dab tsi

• Kaum ob ntawm megapixels feem ntau yog kev lag luam. Qhov zoo ntawm cov duab thiab cov yeeb yaj duab tsis ncaj qha nyob ntawm lawv.
• Txawm tias 5 lossis 8 megapixels txaus los luam tawm cov duab zoo ntawm daim ntawv toj roob hauv pes. Qhov kev daws teeb meem 4K ntawm lub TV siab heev yog li 8-9 megapixels. Full HD - tsuas yog 2 megapixels.
• Loj pixels khaws ntau lub teeb. Qhov tshwm sim yog lub nkig, zoo-ntxhais thav duab nrog ntuj xim luam tawm thiab tsis muaj suab nrov.
• Yog tias koj tsis xav thab nrog kev xav, mus xyaum. Kev sib piv kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov xov tooj smartphones thiab cov duab los ntawm cov koob yees duab (tag nrho-loj thiab qoob loo - txiav thiab loj me me) yuav ua rau nws nkag siab txog lub xeev tiag tiag.