2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58
Koj puas nyiam thaij duab? Ces tsab xov xwm no yog rau koj. Ntawm no koj yuav pom 10 txoj kev yees duab yooj yim uas yuav txhim kho koj cov duab zoo.
Tus kws yees duab Fabkis nto moo Henri Cartier-Bresson tau hais tias: “Tus kws yees duab ntau yam tau ploj mus tas li. Thiab thaum lawv tawm mus, tsis muaj kev txawj ntse, tsis muaj dab tsi hauv ntiaj teb yuav ua rau lawv rov qab los." Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob nco "cov khoom ploj", koj yuav tsum ua kom koj cov kev txawj ntse. Nov yog qee cov lus qhia los pab koj.
Txoj cai thib peb
Qhov no yog ib qho txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th thiab tau pib siv hauv kev pleev xim.
Faib tus ncej nrog ob kab rov tav thiab ob txoj kab ntsug rau hauv cuaj lub voj voog (xws li hauv tic-tac-toe). Cov ncej yuav muab faib ua qhov sib npaug peb feem vertically thiab horizontally. Ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm peb, cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb yog tsim - "nodes of mloog". Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm tus ncej yuav tsum nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus no.
Raws li txoj cai ntawm kev xaav, ib tug neeg tsis tuaj yeem khaws nws cov xim ntawm tag nrho cov duab ib zaug. Lub ntsej muag xim catches lub qhov muag thiab ua rau cov neeg saib pom. Yog li ntawd, txoj cai ntawm peb tsis tsuas yog streamlines muaj pes tsawg leeg, tab sis kuj simplifies kev xaav.
Lub viewfinders ntawm ntau lub koob yees duab niaj hnub yog nruab nrog txoj cai ntawm peb daim phiaj. Hauv qhov no, txhua yam koj yuav tsum tau ua (piv txwv li, hauv kev yees duab toj roob hauv pes) yog kom paub tseeb tias lub qab ntug yog sib npaug rau kab kab kab rov tav thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb (ntoo, roob, thiab lwm yam) nyob ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm peb.
Txoj Cai ntawm Thirds yog qhov yooj yim thiab ntau yam (txawm tias tsim nyog rau portraits). Tab sis tsis txhob nqa mus. Muaj kev txhaj tshuaj uas tus neeg kawm tsuas yog thov kom nyob hauv qhov chaw; thiab qee zaum nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso nws ntawm ntug.
Tsim kom muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem yees duab. Nws yuav tsum tau xav ua ntej. Tab sis yog tias tsis muaj sij hawm los yog cov tswv yim, ces xav siv txoj cai thib peb.
Aspect ratio
Cov duab feem ntau saib zoo ntawm lawv qhov piv txwv ib txwm muaj (feem ntau 2: 3 lossis 4: 3). Tab sis lwm qhov piv txwv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig tsis txaus ntseeg thiab ua kom cov duab zoo dua.
Tsis txhob tawm hauv kev xav txog qhov sib piv thiab ua si nrog cov qoob loo rau kev ua tiav tom qab, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua tib zoo saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab thiab txiav txim siab seb qhov piv twg yog nyob rau theem ntawm kev tua.
Ntau lub koob yees duab tso cai rau koj los teeb tsa qhov sib piv ncaj qha hauv lub koob yees duab, tab sis thaum tua hauv RAW thiab JPEG tib lub sijhawm, koj yuav muaj qhov chaw rau qoob loo thaum kho.
Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua yog tias koj yuav pom daim duab nyob rau hauv qhov kev xaiv nam piv thiab txav lub koob yees duab los yog kev kawm los txhim kho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis pom zoo kom qoob loo cov duab arbitrarily - thaum cropping, nws tseem zoo dua los soj ntsuam ib qho piv txwv.
Maj mam, koj yuav kawm saib seb qhov piv txwv twg zoo tshaj plaws qhia txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas
Metering yog qhov kwv yees ntawm qhov ci ntawm cov duab los ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv lub koob yees duab. Nws tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob tsaus ntuj lossis teeb pom cov duab. Muaj peb hom kev ntsuas: nruab nrab-qhov hnyav, matrix, thiab qhov chaw.
Nrog rau qhov ntsuas qhov muag, qhov ci ci feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub thav duab lossis los ntawm qhov chaw ua kom pom tseeb. Spot metering yog siv thaum qhov ci ntawm qhov kev kawm sib txawv ntawm qhov ci ntawm lub keeb kwm yav dhau, nrog rau thaum muaj teeb pom kev zoo lossis cov khoom tsaus heev hauv lub thav duab.
Spot metering feem ntau yog siv kom tau cov duab nrog cov ntsiab lus kom raug. Lub brightness ntawm lwm yam khoom yog ignored.
Qhov ntau koj siv qhov chaw ntsuas, qhov ntau koj yuav nkag siab txog qhov raug.
Dawb tshuav
Yog tias koj tua hauv RAW, ces qhov nyiaj tshuav dawb tuaj yeem tweaked tom qab. Tab sis yog tias koj xav siv cov duab JPEG tam sim ntawd thiab tseem thaij duab hauv cov teeb pom kev zoo lossis sib xyaw, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los teeb tsa qhov nyiaj tshuav dawb manually.
Cov kev teeb tsa tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm lub koob yees duab qauv. Tab sis lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog tib yam.
Yees duab ib qho kev kawm uas tsis muaj xim (piv txwv li, daim npav grey) nyob rau hauv lub teeb uas koj npaj yuav tua lub ntsiab ncej. Teem lub thav duab ntes nyob rau hauv cov chaw raws li ib tug siv rau dawb tshuav nyiaj li cas. Ib qho kev siv nruab nrab yuav tso cai rau koj kho cov kev txhaj tshuaj tom ntej thiab ua kom cov xim hauv cov thav duab ntuj.
Koj tuaj yeem siv koj tus kheej qhov nyiaj tshuav dawb kom pom cov xim tones hauv koj daim duab. Siv cov txheej txheem tau piav qhia saum toj no, tab sis tus qauv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj xim, tab sis xim. Piv txwv li, txias xiav. Nws yuav muab cov xim daj daj sov rau lub thav duab - tsuas yog qhov koj xav tau los tua qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm kaj ntug.
Flash
Ntau tus neeg ntshai siv flash, txawm tias ua-hauv lossis sab nraud. Tab sis ib zaug koj "ua phooj ywg" nrog nws, qhov zoo ntawm koj cov duab yuav nce ntau.
Lub bounce flash ua rau hauv lub koob yees duab yog feem ntau thuam. Lub flash sab nraud yeej ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Tab sis lub built-in kuj siv tau los ntxiv sparkle rau lub qhov muag los yog highlight ntxoov ntxoo.
Flash yog ib qho yooj yim mus use. Muaj ntau yam ntawm sab nraud flash units uas ua haujlwm nrog lub koob yees duab built-in metering system thiab tsim kom muaj qhov sib npaug.
Thaum koj pib siv lub flash, sai sai koj yuav zoo siab rau tinker nrog nws thiab sim nrog phau ntawv tswj. Lub flash yog ib qho cuab yeej zoo rau kev yees duab txhua hnub, tsis yog rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb. Cia li sim nws!
Qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw
Qhov no yog qhov kev ncua deb uas cov ntsiab lus tshwm nyob rau hauv tus ncej li ntse. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev yees duab, uas, ntawm lwm yam, tuaj yeem ua rau cov duab tsis pom tseeb.
Qhov dav aperture (f / 2.8) ua rau muaj qhov tob tob ntawm thaj chaw. Conversely, ib tug me me aperture (xws li f / 16) tsub kom lub teb ntawm tsom.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem tswj qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw siv qhov focal ntev thiab qhov nrug ntawm qhov kev kawm. Qhov ze dua rau cov ntsiab lus koj tua, lossis ntev dua koj siv lub lens ntev focal ntev, qhov ntiav qhov tob ntawm daim teb - tsuas yog ib daim duab nqaim xwb yuav ua kom pom tseeb. Thiab vice versa.
Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv lub lens rau kev tua, xav txog seb nws yuav cuam tshuam li cas rau qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw. Kho lub aperture thiab / los yog nyob deb ntawm qhov kev kawm raws li xav tau.
Hyperfocal nrug
Lwm lub tswv yim cuam tshuam nrog qhov tob ntawm thaj teb yog hyperfocal tsom mus deb. Tej zaum koj tau pom cov toj roob hauv pes uas keeb kwm yav dhau thiab lub hauv ntej yog qhov sib npaug. Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov no hauv koj cov duab, koj yuav tsum kawm paub siv hyperfocal nrug.
Hyperfocal nrug yog qhov kev ncua deb mus rau pem hauv ntej ntug ntawm lub tshav pob ntawm kev tsom xam thaum lub lens yog tsom ntawm infinity.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, nws yog tib qhov tob ntawm thaj chaw, tab sis thaum tsom mus rau infinity. Zoo li qhov tob ntawm daim teb, hyperfocal nrug nyob ntawm lub lens focal ntev thiab aperture. Qhov me me ntawm qhov aperture thiab qhov focal ntev rau cov ntsiab lus, qhov luv nws yog.
Muaj cov ntawv thov uas tuaj yeem pab koj txiav txim siab hyperfocal nrug thiab qhov tob ntawm thaj teb. Lawv yuav qhia koj qhov zoo tshaj plaws focal ntev, thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub ntsiab lus, thiab lub aperture.
Yog tias koj tsis muaj lub xov tooj smartphone ntawm tes, koj tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov ntev ntawm qhov xav tau los ntawm kev tsom mus txog ib feem peb ntawm qhov kev ncua deb mus rau qhov chaw, uas yuav tsum tau ntse. Qhov no ua kom pom tseeb tias lub hauv ntej thiab keeb kwm yav dhau yog ntse li sai tau, thiab tsis txhob nkim lub teb ntawm kev tsom xam los ntawm kev tsom mus rau cov khoom nyob deb.
Ntuj HDR
Ntau tus tau tuaj hla kev txhaj tshuaj nyob qhov twg muaj lub ntuj xiav zoo nkauj thiab ib qho tsaus nti foreground, los yog qhov twg muaj ib tug zoo foreground, thiab lub ntuj tau sib sau ua ke rau hauv ib qho chaw dawb. Feem ntau cov khoom ntawm kev yees duab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhia kom siv ND lim, uas txo cov nqi ntawm lub teeb mus txog lub koob yees duab. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm kev yees duab digital, muaj lwm txoj kev.
Siv ob lossis peb txhaj tshuaj los ntawm tib lub ntsiab lus, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv. Tom qab ntawd muab lawv ua ke. Koj yuav tau txais ntau qhov ci ntsa iab.
Cov txheej txheem no, hu ua HDR kev yees duab, feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov duab nrog ntau lub halo (halos tsis zoo nyob ib puag ncig cov khoom), tsis muaj xim dub lossis dawb, thiab xim zoo nkauj.
Tab sis HDR txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua.
Piv txwv li, nqa ob lossis peb daim duab nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm 1-3EV. Qhov no yuav txaus los tsim cov duab sib xyaw uas cov ntsiab lus muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si tseem ceeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo.
Koj tuaj yeem ua ke cov thav duab hauv txhua tus duab editor uas txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm. Muab cov kev txhaj tshuaj thiab kho cov pob tshab ntawm thaj chaw uas xav tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis txhob sim ua kom zoo ib yam ci ntsa iab txhua qhov chaw, ua si nrog midtones, duab ntxoov ntxoo thiab lub teeb.
Geometric duab
Thaum cov kws yees duab siv lub koob yees duab uas tsom iav thiab upside down, lawv tsim ib qho kev nkag siab ntawm kev sib xyaw. Lawv pom ib qho kev txiav txim sau cov duab, tsis yog cov khoom uas paub tau xwb.
Sim saib cov duab geometric hauv koj ib puag ncig. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj los txhim kho qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Ib qho kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv qhov no yog kev yees duab hauv nroog thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo, tab sis portraits thiab tseem lub neej kuj zoo.
Dub thiab dawb yees duab
Ntau tus kws yees duab hloov xim duab rau xim dub thiab dawb tom qab tua. Tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los tua tam sim hauv monochrome, xav txog cov duab dub thiab dawb ua ntej.
Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa lub koob yees duab kom cov duab khaws tseg ib txhij hauv JPEG thiab RAW. Tom qab ntawd xaiv monochrome style lossis b / w zaj duab xis emulation hom.
Yog li, cov duab xim yuav raug cawm hauv RAW. Qhov no yuav cia koj ua haujlwm nrog lawv tom qab tua. Txawm hais tias koj siv DSLR nyob rau hauv kev pom, compact lossis mirrorless, koj yuav tuaj yeem pom qhov xwm txheej hauv b / w ntawm qhov screen ua ntej txhaj tshuaj.
Ib tus kws yees duab uas noj nws lub ncuav rau qhov laj thawj zoo yuav siv kaum tawm txhiab tus duab qias neeg. Ansel Adams
Cov txheej txheem yees duab piav qhia yuav pab koj txhim kho koj cov duab zoo. Lawv yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab tau rau beginners. Tsis txhob ntshai sim, vim hais tias nrog kev xyaum los nkag siab.
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