Los ntawm 0, 11 megapixels rau neural networks-pab: yuav ua li cas lub koob yees duab hloov zuj zus hauv smartphones

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Ib qho luv luv excursion rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm mobile photography.

Lub koob yees duab hauv lub xov tooj smartphone tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub neej: nrog nws cov kev pab koj tuaj yeem khaws lub sijhawm tseem ceeb thiab qhia rau lwm tus. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qhov no los ua tiag tiag, nws tau siv 20 xyoo ntawm kev ua tiav, kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom siv yees duab ua lag luam thiab ntau yam tshiab. Peb tau txiav txim siab nco ntsoov tias kev yees duab txawb tau tawg rau hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub thiab cov tuam txhab twg ua rau nws yooj yim thiab siv tau.

Thawj lub koob yees duab xov tooj

Thawj thawj zaug lub koob yees duab tau tshwm sim hauv xov tooj xyoo 1999: lub tuam txhab Nyij Pooj Kyocera tau tso tawm VP-210 tus qauv, uas tso cai rau kev hu xov tooj. Lub koob yees duab tau nyob rau pem hauv ntej thiab ntes tus tswv lub ntsej muag ntawm tus nqi ntawm 2 thav duab ib ob. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem coj selfies nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm 0, 11 megapixels thiab khaws cia rau hauv lub cuab yeej nco txog li 20 daim.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, lub koob yees duab ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes tau tsim sai heev nyob rau hauv lub inslaught ntawm kev sib tw, thiab twb nyob rau hauv 2004 qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 1 lab pixels (1 megapixel) tau coj. Thiab nyob rau hauv 2005 lub lag luam tau xav tsis thoob los ntawm ob tus qauv uas tuaj yeem hu ua thawj lub koob yees duab xov tooj: Nokia N90 thiab Sony Ericsson k750i. Lawv ua si 2-megapixel autofocus koob yees duab thiab ntes cov duab ntse, tsis pom qhov muag plooj. Nws yog thaum ntawd tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg siv rau kev yees duab mobile pib hloov pauv: pawg thematic tau tshwm sim ntawm Flickr, tib neeg pib pauv cov duab tau txais hauv lawv lub xov tooj thiab sib tham txog lawv.

Nrog rau txhua xyoo tom ntej, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg thaij duab hauv xov tooj tau nce zuj zus. Kev tso tawm ntawm iPhone hauv 2007 tau hloov pauv tus cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom siv monofunctional: smartphones pib hloov MP3-players, thiab tom qab ntawd pib siv yees duab thiab yees duab yees.

Kaj ntug ntawm Instagram

Lub koob yees duab kev lag luam poob rau xyoo 2010 nrog kev tshaj tawm ntawm Instagram. Cov neeg siv xav kom tau txais cov duab ntxim nyiam kom yooj yim thiab sai li sai tau thiab tshaj tawm rau hauv kev tes hauj lwm.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov zoo ntawm cov koob yees duab txawb tau zoo tuaj. Taw qhia hauv xyoo 2011, iPhone 4s tau txais lub koob yees duab 8-megapixel thiab lub teeb-rhiab optics nrog aperture ntawm f / 2, 4. Cov yam ntxwv no tau them rau feem ntau ntawm cov kev xav tau: nias lub pob, tau lub teeb ci thiab upload rau Instagram.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov duab hauv smartphones tau dhau los ua qhov hnyav dua: qhov sib piv, saturation thiab contour sharpness nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb, thiab naturalness ntawm daim duab ploj mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev sim coj cov thev naus laus zis tshaj lij rau lub koob yees duab mobile. Yog li, Nokia hauv 2012 ua 808 PureView koob yees duab xov tooj.

Tus qauv tau txawv los ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas zoo kawg nkaus rau nws lub sijhawm. Lub koob yees duab daws teeb meem yog 41 megapixels, thiab lub cev loj ntawm lub sensor yog 1/1, 2 ″. Nws kuj tau nruab nrog lub tshuab kaw lus, ua-hauv ND - lim, Carl Zeiss lens nrog f / 2, 4 aperture thiab xenon flash.

Hmoov tsis zoo, lwm cov tuam txhab lag luam tsis maj nrawm ua raws li Nokia tus qauv, tso siab rau cov lim dej thiab lwm yam khoom siv.

Ntau lub koob yees duab, zoo thiab sib txawv

Qee lub sij hawm, cov tuam txhab txiav txim siab nce cov koob yees duab hauv smartphones. Rov qab rau xyoo 2011, HTC Evo 3D thiab LG Optimus 3D raug tso tawm, uas tau siv ob lub lo ntsiab muag los tsim cov duab stereoscopic. Txawm li cas los xij, thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ua qhov tsis lees paub thiab cov neeg tsim khoom tsis nco qab txog cov kev sim no tau ntau xyoo.

Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 2014, kev ua lag luam pom HTC One M8. Lub smartphone tau txais ib qho kev pabcuam rau kev ntsuas qhov tob thiab cais cov khoom ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau los. Yog li, lub tuam txhab siv portrait hom ob xyoos ua ntej Apple tau ua.

Qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag tshwm sim hauv xyoo 2016, thaum cov tuam txhab loj tshaj plaws nthuav tawm lawv cov kev daws teeb meem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj ib qho kev pom vim li cas lub smartphone xav tau ob lub koob yees duab. Piv txwv li, Huawei txhawb kev yees duab monochrome nrog P9, uas nws tau tsim nrog Leica. LG G5 tso siab rau shirik, thiab Apple tau qhia lub koob yees duab lub koob yees duab rau portraits thiab optical zoom hauv iPhone 7 Plus.

Raws li nws muab tawm, ob lub koob yees duab tsis yog qhov txwv. Tam sim no yuav luag txhua lub xov tooj ntawm tes ntawm kev ua lag luam tau nruab nrog peb lo ntsiab muag nrog qhov sib txawv focal ntev, nrog rau cov koob yees duab rau macro photography thiab ntsuas qhov tob.

Nce tus yam ntxwv

Qhov zoo ntawm cov koob yees duab txawb tau ib txwm raug txwv los ntawm kev txwv lub cev: lub thickness me me ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tso cai rau equipping smartphones nrog zoo optics thiab loj sensors. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg siv tau thov kev txhim kho, cov tuam txhab tau sim ua kom txaus siab rau lawv cov kev xav tau.

Yog li peb xaus nrog cov koob yees duab protruding ob peb millimeters ntawm lub cev. Lub cev qhov ntev ntawm cov sensors kuj tau loj hlob: yog tias tsib xyoos dhau los lawv hloov pauv hauv 1/3 ″, tam sim no Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra thiab Huawei P40 nrog 1/1, 3 ″ sensors tau tshwm sim hauv khw. Cov duab sensors tau nthuav dav yuav luag cuaj zaug, uas tau txhim kho cov duab zoo.

Lub cheeb tsam loj ntawm cov sensors tso cai rau kom nce qhov kev daws teeb meem. 48MP thiab 64MP mobile koob yees duab tau dhau los ua tus qauv, thaum Samsung thiab Xiaomi twb tau ntaus lub 108MP lub ntsiab lus. Txawm li cas los xij, cov duab nrog qhov kev daws teeb meem hnyav dhau lawm, yog li cov kws tsim khoom tau mus ua kom yuam kev: cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov pixels nyob sib ze tau ua ke. Qhov no txo qis qhov kev daws teeb meem, tab sis rov qab los peb tau txais lub suab nrov tsawg dua thiab muaj qhov dav dav dua.

Tom ntej no yog dab tsi

Tag nrho cov kev hloov tshiab no tau ua rau cov xov tooj smartphones hloov pauv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov koob yees duab digital point-and-shoot. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tseem muaj chaw loj hlob. Thiab txawm hais tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev tsoo lub qab nthab, software yuav ib txwm tuaj rau kev cawm.

Tam sim no kev yees duab suav tau txais lub zog: lub koob yees duab siv ntau cov duab, thiab cov neural networks raws li lawv sau cov thav duab zoo meej, txo qis suab nrov, sib npaug ntawm qhov ci thiab kho xim. Txoj kev siv hauv Google Pixel 4, iPhone 11, Huawei P40 thiab ntau lwm lub xov tooj smartphones. Kev ua haujlwm yuav siv qhov chaw txiav thiab imperceptibly rau tus neeg siv - nws tsuas pom qhov tshwm sim.

Raws li kev ua tau zoo nce, lub peev xwm ntawm cov koob yees duab tau dav dua. Lawv tuaj yeem kaw cov vis dis aus thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm tiag tiag: plooj tom qab lossis ua kom nws dub thiab dawb, tawm hauv cov khoom xim. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm augmented kev muaj tiag tseem tab tom tsim: Apple twb tau nruab lub iPad Pro nrog LiDAR sensor rau kev ua haujlwm nrog AR daim ntawv thov, thiab tsis ntev no cov thev naus laus zis tseem yuav tshwm sim hauv iPhone.

Cov koob yees duab txawb tau dhau los ua ib qho nyuaj-software complex, lub peev xwm uas peb tsis nkag siab tag nrho. Tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj li nthuav kom ua raws li kev txhim kho tshiab hauv cheeb tsam no thiab sim lawv tus kheej.