Dab tsi yog bacteriophages thiab vim li cas lawv zoo dua li cov tshuaj tua kab mob

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Txoj kev cog lus no los kov yeej lub ntiaj teb kev hem thawj rau tib neeg tseem xav tau kev tshawb fawb.

Dab tsi yog bacteriophages

Bacteriophages Bacteriophages: A Therapy Concept against Multi-Drug - Resistant Bacteria yog cov kab mob uas tua cov kab mob tab sis tsis ua mob rau lwm yam kab mob.

Lub hauv paus "-phagos-" txhais los ntawm Greek thaum ub txhais tau tias "dev". Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog li cas cov kab mob tshwj xeeb no ua haujlwm. Lawv nkag mus rau cov kab mob, "kis" nws thiab hloov cov kab mob genome nrog lawv tus kheej. Yog li, microbe poob nws lub peev xwm los sib npaug. Hloov chaw, nws pib tsim cov bacteriophages ntau dua, uas maj mam tshem tawm tag nrho cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob.

Qee zaum cov kab mob bacteriophages tsuas yog hu ua phages, thiab lawv siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj los yog txhaj tshuaj los tua cov kab mob pathogenic yog phage therapy, los yog phage therapy.

Ib yam li cov tshuaj tua kab mob, bacteriophages yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Feem ntau, lawv ua tib txoj haujlwm - lawv tua cov kab mob, tab sis lawv ua nws ntau txoj hauv kev.

Yuav ua li cas bacteriophages txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob los yog tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev sib npaug. Qhov no yog ib qho ntxiv.

Tam sim no cov cons. Ua ntej, txhua yam tshuaj tua kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv tsuas yog ib lossis ob peb hom kab mob pathogenic microorganisms. Qhov thib ob, cov kab mob, txij li thaum lawv muaj sia nyob, muaj peev xwm hloov mus rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj thiab thaum kawg poob lawv rhiab heev rau nws. Ntawd yog, qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo tshwm sim: koj noj tshuaj tua kab mob, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem kho tus kab mob. Qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm microbes rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob hu ua tshuaj tua kab mob.

Txhua hom kab mob bacteriophage (thiab muaj ntau lab tus ntawm lawv) kuj tseem ua tau zoo Bacteriophages: Ib Lub Tswv Yim Kho Mob Tiv Thaiv Ntau Yam - Cov kab mob tiv thaiv tsuas yog tawm tsam "nws tus kheej" hom kab mob. Tab sis cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis tshwm sim thaum lawv cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob microbes, vim tias cov kab mob bacteriophages yog cov kab mob thiab lawv tuaj yeem hloov Phage Therapy hauv Postantibiotic Era. Thaum cov kab mob yoog thiab tsis tso cai rau tus kab mob mus txog lub genome, phage tuaj yeem nrhiav tau "tus yuam sij" tshiab rau nws - thiab ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj.

Vim li cas cov tshuaj tua kab mob paub, tab sis bacteriophages tsis zoo heev

Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm keeb kwm kev tsis ncaj ncees.

Feem ntau, kev kho phage tshwm sim txawm tias ntxov dua li kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob. Rov qab rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, suav nrog Lavxias teb sab microbiologist Nikolai Gamaleya, uas nws lub npe dais lub National Research Center for Epidemiology thiab Microbiology, nrhiav tau Bacteriophage Therapy uas tej yam khoom muaj, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv dej dej, qhia hais tias. antimicrobial kev ua haujlwm.

Xyoo 1917, tus kws kho mob microbiologist los ntawm Paris-based Pasteur Institute Felix d'Hérelle tau hais rau lub ntiaj teb tias cov tshuaj no tau dhau los ua cov kab mob tshwj xeeb - tib yam bacteriophages. Tus kws tshawb fawb pom nyob rau hauv Lub epic ntawm phage therapy uas phages ib txwm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov quav ntawm cov neeg mob dysentery ua ntej cov neeg mob tau zoo.

D'Herelle tso ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov quav uas muaj kab mob dysentery bacillus hauv Petri tais. Nws ntxiv muaj ib qho piv txwv coj los ntawm tus neeg mob rov zoo, thiab tom qab ob peb hnub pom tias cov kab mob dysentery tau ploj mus. "Dissolved zoo li qab zib hauv dej!" - tus kws tshawb fawb tau piav qhia nws cov kev soj ntsuam rau The epic of phage therapy.

Raws li qhov kuaj pom cov kab mob bacteriophages, tus kws tshawb fawb tau ua Phage ua tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kab mob: d'Herelle's heretical theories thiab lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev poob qis ntawm phage prophylaxis nyob rau sab hnub poob kev txhaj tshuaj thiab ncua kev kawm, uas nws tau pib siv rau cov neeg mob dysentery. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1920, kev kho phage tau siv los kho tsis tau tsuas yog tus kab mob no xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj tus kab mob typhoid, kab mob cholera, kab mob staphylococcal ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab pob txha, thiab sepsis.

Bacteriophages kov yeej lub ntiaj teb no raws li ib tug antibacterial neeg sawv cev. Lawv tau siv nyob rau hauv cov tsev kho mob loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Asmeskas, thiab hauv USSR, ua tsaug rau d'Herelle, lub chaw soj nstuam rau kev tsim cov tshuaj no tau tsim los ntawm keeb kwm coj txawv txawv ntawm phage kho. Tab sis nyob rau xyoo 1940, lub ntiaj teb "phageomania" tau nres.

Ib qho laj thawj yog kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb. Hauv particular, qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm tau nce zuj zus. Thiab d'Herelle thiab nws cov thwjtim tsis quav ntsej txog qhov no: lawv tsis ua qhov kev tshawb fawb kom raug, ua yuam kev hauv kev piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem lom neeg thiab lub cev.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tib lub sijhawm, thawj cov tshuaj tua kab mob raws li penicillin tau tsim. Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj tau mus txog qhov kev tshawb fawb ntau dua scrupulously. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau dhau los ua ib qho kev lees paub ntawm kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas, thiab cov kab mob phage tau tsis nco qab lawm. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm "cov kab mob noj" txuas ntxiv tsuas yog hauv USSR.

Vim li cas lawv tham txog bacteriophages tam sim no?

Vim cov tshuaj tua kab mob poob hauv av. Tib neeg siv rau lawv, pom tias lawv yog cov tshuaj muaj kev nyab xeeb uas tuaj yeem noj "rau kev tiv thaiv." Yog li ntawd, cov kab mob txaus ntshai ntau dua tuaj yeem tiv taus cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tsis teb rau lawv.

Tau ntau xyoo tam sim no, WHO tau hu ua tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog ib qho kev hem thawj loj tshaj plaws rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.

Tej zaum tib neeg yuav pom sai sai tias cov tshuaj niaj hnub thiab txhim khu kev qha tau dhau los ua ib qho dummy. Muaj kev pheej hmoo tias txawm mob caj pas lossis kab mob otitis xov xwm yuav rov ua tus kab mob tuag taus uas tsis muaj kev kho.

Raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj dab tsi tiv thaiv kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshiab, uas cov kab mob tseem tsis tau tsim kev tiv thaiv. Tab sis cov kev txhim kho zoo li no yuav siv sijhawm ntau xyoo lossis ntau xyoo.

Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov kab mob bacteriophages tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov yuav pab kom lub ntiaj teb kov yeej qhov teebmeem kev kho mob loj. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem tsim sai thiab pheej yig dua. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias cov kab mob bacteriophages muaj peev xwm hloov tau raws li cov kab mob hauv lub hom phiaj, uas txhais tau hais tias cov tshuaj no yuav ua tau zoo.

Cov kab mob bacteriophages puas tuaj yeem hloov cov tshuaj tua kab mob?

Tsis yog, tsawg kawg tseem tsis tau. Muaj ob peb lub laj thawj rau qhov no.

Bacteriophages tseem tsis tau nkag siab zoo

Bacteriophages: A Therapy Concept against Multi-Drug - Resistant Bacteria tseem tsis muaj cov kev tshawb fawb loj loj uas yuav lees paub qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev kho phage.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov thawj coj tswj hwm hauv ntau lub tebchaws tau xav tsis thoob txog lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv cov kab mob rau kev kho mob. Piv txwv li, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tau pom zoo FDA Pom Zoo Bacteriophage Trial, thawj qhov kev sim tshuaj ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov hlab ntsha, tsuas yog thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2019.

Muaj ib hnub, cov ntawv pov thawj thiab cov ntawv tso cai rau cov khoom phage tej zaum yuav yooj yim dua. Tab sis lub caij no tseem tsis tau los.

Bacteriophages muaj qhov nqaim heev

Ib qho broad spectrum tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem kho ntau yam kab mob. Tab sis bacteriophages yog snipers: lawv lub hom phiaj tsuas yog rhuav tshem ib hom kab mob xwb. Yog li ntawd, rau txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob, koj yuav tsum xaiv nws tus kheej phage.

Ntxiv mus, cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv ntawm cheeb tsam mus rau ib cheeb tsam, thiab qee zaum txawm los ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau lwm tus. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, txhawm rau kho tib tus mob caj pas hauv 10 tus neeg hauv tebchaws Russia thiab, piv txwv li, hauv tebchaws Ltalis, 10 qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob bacteriophages lossis cov cocktail complex ntawm lawv yuav xav tau.

Niaj hnub no, ntau yam thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshuaj tua kab mob yog me ntsis siab dua.

Bacteriophages zoo li ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws nrog rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob

Kev sim ntawm cell thiab tsiaj kab lis kev cai qhia Phage - Antibiotic Synergy ntawm Delayed Lysis tias, yog tias siv cov kab mob bacteriophages thiab tshuaj tua kab mob ib txhij, lawv cov txiaj ntsig tag nrho tshaj qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm txhua yam tshuaj sib cais. Qhov kev sib koom ua ke no yog hu ua kev sib koom ua ke.

Txog tam sim no, tsis muaj pov thawj ntseeg tau tias kev sib koom ua ke yuav tshwm sim hauv tib neeg. Tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb pom zoo txog Stronger ua ke? Kev pom ntawm phage - tshuaj tua kab mob sib koom ua ke hauv kev kho mob ntawm kev kho phage, tias qhov no yog qhov kev zam.

Hauv ib txoj kev tshawb fawb, Phage kev kho mob ntawm aortic graft kis nrog Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacteriophage OMKO1, ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob ceftazidime, muaj peev xwm txo tau tus neeg mob ntawm superinfection, uas tau ua tsis tiav nrog tshuaj tua kab mob rau ntau xyoo.

Yog li bacteriophages feem ntau yuav tsis hloov cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov tshuaj no yuav ntxiv rau ib leeg kom kho cov kab mob sai thiab ua tau zoo dua.