Yuav ua li cas decipher ib tug tag nrho cov ntshav suav: tus nqi ntawm cov ntsuas

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Nov yog txoj hauv kev nrawm tshaj plaws los ntsuas koj qhov kev noj qab haus huv.

Cov ntshav suav tag nrho yog dab tsi thiab yog vim li cas thiaj xav tau

Tib neeg cov ntshav muaj ntau pua yam khoom, txhua tus ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tag nrho. Thaum peb noj qab haus huv, lawv nyob rau hauv nruj sib npaug - lawv cov naj npawb thiab qhov sib piv nrog ib leeg tsis mus dhau ib qho kev cai. Tab sis yog hais tias ib yam dab tsi mus tsis ncaj ncees lawm nyob rau hauv lub cev, qhov nyiaj tshuav yuav chim.

Kev kuaj ntshav dav dav (clinical) (CBC) yog ib txoj hauv kev sai thiab pheej yig kom ntes cov kev hloov pauv pom tseeb tshaj plaws, yog tias muaj. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm KLA yuav qhia seb koj puas noj qab nyob zoo, thiab yog tias koj muaj teeb meem nrog kev noj qab haus huv, lawv yuav qhia koj tias vim li cas.

Kev suav ntshav ua tiav (CBC) tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ntshav qab zib, mob hauv lub cev, kev tsis haum tshuaj, kab mob cab, leukemia thiab lwm yam kab mob.

Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau txhawm rau txiav txim siab txog lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv, ib tus yuav tsum paub tias tus lej hauv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm UAC txhais li cas, thiab tuaj yeem txhais tau raug. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias koj tus kws kho mob saib xyuas nws.

Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm koj tus kheej. Tab sis yog tias lawv deviate txawm me ntsis los ntawm tus qauv, yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsis nco ib tug mob hnyav.

Qhov kuaj ntshav kuaj pom li cas

KLA tsom mus rau peb hom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlwb uas tsim cov ntshav. Cov no yog Cov Ntshav Ua Haujlwm:

• leukocytes;
• erythrocytes;
• platelets.

Txhua pab pawg ntawm tes muaj nws txoj haujlwm.

Leukocytes yog dab tsi thiab yog vim li cas lawv xav tau

Leukocytes (lawv kuj yog cov qe ntshav dawb) yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv pab txheeb xyuas, tua thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob pathogenic, kab mob, fungi thiab lwm yam txawv teb chaws ntawm lub cev. Cov ntshav suav ua tiav ntsuas lawv tus lej - qhov ntsuas no tau muab zais tom qab lub npe WBC.

Leukocyte hlwb, nyob rau hauv lem, yog subdivided rau tsib cov ntshav sib txawv cov ntaub ntawv | Mount Sinai - New York bands. Ua ke, lawv tau suav nrog hauv lub npe hu ua leukocyte formula.

• Neutrophils … Cov hlwb no muaj li 40-60% ntawm tag nrho cov leukocytes. Lawv yog thawj zaug tua kab mob, ntim thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob "cov qhua" los ntawm cov ntshav.
• Lymphocytes(20-40% ntawm tag nrho cov leukocytes). Lymphocytes kuj tau muab faib ua ntau hom, thiab feem ntau, lawv cov dej num raug txo kom paub txog tus kab mob pathogenic lossis microbe, rhuav tshem nws thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
• Monocytes(2-8%). Cov no yog cov hlwb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas muaj peev xwm dhau los ntawm cov ntshav mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev. Nyob ntawd lawv dhau los ua macrophages - "orderlies", absorbing pathogenic microorganisms, nrog rau cov hlwb puas thiab tuag. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj "dev", piv txwv li, cov kab mob pathogenic, monocyte qhia nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb (antigens) rau lwm lub hlwb ntawm lub cev - thiab yog li txhim kho kev tiv thaiv.
• Eosinophils(1-4%). Cov qe ntshav dawb no feem ntau tawm tsam cov kab mob parasitic.
• Basophils (0.5-1%). Hom ntshav dawb no koom nrog hauv kev txhim kho kev ua xua.

Cov qe ntshav liab yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas lawv thiaj xav tau

Cov qe ntshav liab yog cov qe ntshav liab uas nws txoj hauj lwm yog nqa oxygen thoob plaws hauv lub cev thiab tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide. Txhawm rau ntsuas tus naj npawb thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov qe ntshav liab, muaj cov ntsuas ntshav ua tiav (CBC), uas ntsuas hauv cov ntshav suav.

• Cov qe ntshav liab suav (RBC) … Qhov ntsuas no qhia tag nrho cov qe ntshav liab hauv cov ntshav.
• Hemoglobin (HGB, Hb) … Ntsuas tag nrho cov protein nqa oxygen, hemoglobin.
• Hematocrit (HCT) … Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm feem pua ntawm cov qe ntshav liab hauv tag nrho cov ntshav ntim.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntsuas tseem ceeb no, muaj ntxiv:

• Mean erythrocyte ntim (MCV) … Tshaj tawm qhov loj ntawm cov qe ntshav liab nruab nrab.
• Lub ntsiab lus ntawm erythrocyte hemoglobin (MCH) … Qhia ntau npaum li cas hemoglobin nyob rau nruab nrab hauv cov qe ntshav liab.
• Lub ntsiab lus ntawm erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) … Nws kuj yog xim qhia txog ntshav. Muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog seb cov qe ntshav liab ntau npaum li cas nrog hemoglobin. Qhov ntau cov protein no, qhov ci xim liab ntawm cov hlwb.
• Cov qe ntshav liab faib dav (RDW) … Tso cai rau koj kom paub seb qhov loj npaum li cas ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws erythrocyte txawv ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws.
• Erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi (ESR; qee zaum ROE - erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi) … Cov qe ntshav liab hnyav dua li cov ntshav plasma, cov kua uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntshav. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj muab lub raj tso rau hauv cov ntshav vertically, tom qab ib ntus cov erythrocytes yuav poob. Qhov no yog ib txwm ua. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov kab mob inflammatory, erythrocytes pib ua ke, thiab tus nqi ntawm lawv cov sedimentation nce.

Dab tsi yog platelets thiab vim li cas lawv xav tau

Platelets yog cov hlwb uas pab cov ntshav txhaws. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg raug mob, tus naj npawb ntawm cov platelets nce, thiab cov ntshav txhaws ntawm qhov chaw ntawm khawb los yog txiav - ib qho ntshav txhaws. Yog li, lub cev tiv thaiv nws tus kheej los ntawm kev poob ntshav.

Hauv kev kuaj ntshav dav dav, lub xeev ntawm cov hlwb, raws li txoj cai, raug ntsuas los ntawm platelet suav (RLT) … Qhov kev ntsuas no qhia txog lawv tus lej tag nrho hauv cov ntshav kuaj.

Dab tsi yog cov qauv ntawm cov ntshav suav rau KLA

Kev suav ntshav tas li (CBC) ua rau cov neeg laus zoo li no.

Index	Norm rau txiv neej	Norm rau poj niam
Cov qe ntshav liab suav (RBC)	4, 35-5, 65 × 10¹² / l	3, 92-5, 13 × 10¹² / l
Hemoglobin (HGB, Hb)	132-166 g / l	116-150 g / l
Hematocrit (HCT)	38, 3–48, 6%	35, 5–44, 9%
Platelet suav (RLT)	135-317 × 10⁹ / l	157–371 × 10⁹ / l
Cov qe ntshav dawb suav (WBC)	3, 4–9, 6 × 10⁹ / l	3, 4–9, 6 × 10⁹ / l

Cov ntshav suav tag nrho (CBC) leukocyte suav yog raws li hauv qab no:

Index	Ib txwm
Neutrophils (tus nqi tiag)	1, 8–7, 8 × 10⁹ / l
Lymphocytes	1.0–4.8 × 10⁹ / l
Monocytes	0–0, 80 × 10⁹ / l
Eosinophils	0–0.45 × 10⁹ / l
Basophils	0–0.20 × 10⁹ / l

Cov ntsuas ntxiv yuav tsum ua raws li cov hauv qab no qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Sau Ntshav Tag Nrho (CBC), Sed tus nqi (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) - Mayo Clinic, Ua tiav Cov Ntshav suav (CBC) nrog qhov sib txawv, Ntshav:

Index	Ib txwm
Mean erythrocyte ntim (MCV)	80–96: kuv
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm erythrocyte hemoglobin (MCH)	27, 5–33, 2 hlm
Ntshav xim index (MCHC)	334-355 g / l
Cov qe ntshav liab faib dav (RDW)	11, 8–14, 5%
Erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi (ESR)	0-22 mm / teev rau cov txiv neej thiab 0-29 mm / teev rau cov poj niam.

Yuav ua li cas decipher ib tug tag nrho cov ntshav

Txhawm rau kom nkag siab tias lub cev xav li cas, nws txaus los sib piv cov ntsuas tau txais thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas nrog cov qauv. Yog tias lawv tsis mus dhau qhov kev txwv, ces, feem ntau yuav, tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam koj kev noj qab haus huv. Yog hais tias ib qho ntawm cov tsis tau nce los yog tsawg, qhov no yog ib qho kev ceeb toom.

Qee qhov CBC cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem kwv yees li (tsis yog raws nraim!) Deciphered as Complete Blood Count (CBC).

• Nce leukocytes … Qhov no txhais tau tias ua kom tiav ntshav suav (CBC) uas lub cev feem ntau yuav tiv thaiv kab mob los yog mob. Koj tuaj yeem twv seb peb tab tom tham txog dab tsi los ntawm leukocyte formula. Piv txwv li, cov qib siab ntawm Neutrophilic Leukocytosis thiab Lymphocytosis lymphocytes qhia tias muaj feem yuav kis tau tus kab mob los yog kab mob. Kev nce hauv eosinophils qhia tias muaj cov kab mob cab. Basophilov - zaub mov los yog tiv tauj kev ua xua. Cov ntshav dawb suav kuj nce nrog qee yam kab mob hauv pob txha, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, lossis qee yam tshuaj.
• Txo cov leukocytes … Qhov no yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb qis ua rau - Mayo Clinic tias lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob nyuaj siab vim qee yam. Tej zaum peb tab tom tham txog qhov tsis muaj cov vitamins, kab mob autoimmune, cuam tshuam ntawm cov pob txha pob txha, cov kab mob hnyav xws li tuberculosis, HIV / AIDS, lossis lwm yam mob uas txo cov kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
• Erythrocytes thiab hemoglobin nce ntxiv … Qhov no tshwm sim nrog lub cev qhuav dej, kab mob ntsws, qog.
• Txo erythrocytes thiab hemoglobin … Qhov no feem ntau yog ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm anemia tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis muaj hlau, vitamin B12, los yog folic acid hauv kev noj haus. Tab sis cov qe ntshav liab kuj txo qis nrog los ntshav, kab mob inflammatory, lossis pob txha pob txha puas.
• Nce platelets … Qhov no qhia tau tias muaj ntshav qab zib, autoimmune lossis mob qog noj ntshav. Cov platelet suav kuj nce ntxiv tom qab raug mob lossis phais, nrog rau cov ntshav los ntawm sab hauv.
• Txo cov platelets … Qhov no tshwm sim nrog kev kis kab mob (mononucleosis, qhua pias, kab mob siab), cirrhosis, kab mob autoimmune. Los yog txawm tias tom qab noj qee yam tshuaj, suav nrog paracetamol.

Yuav ua li cas yog CBC txawv txav

Thov nco ntsoov: self-decoding tsis yog ib qho kev kuaj mob. Thiab txawm ntau li ntawd tsis yog vim li cas thiaj pib noj tshuaj rau tus kheej.

Tsuas yog tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov kev kuaj ntshav dav dav.

Yog vim li cas nws tsim nyog xav txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm CBC tsuas yog ua ke nrog cov tsos mob ntxiv thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua neej, kev xeeb tub, thiab cov kab mob ntev ntawm tus neeg mob. Tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob uas tsim nyog - tus kws kho mob lossis tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb saib xyuas koj - tuaj yeem nqa tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ua ke.

Yog tias tus kws kho mob xav tias muaj kab mob, CBC yuav tsis txaus los kuaj xyuas. Koj yuav tau txais kev kawm ntxiv, piv txwv li, kuaj ntshav biochemical, X-ray lossis ultrasound scan. Tsuas yog tom qab tau txais daim duab tiav ntawm koj tus mob, tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj tau thiab sau ntawv kho mob.