Kev puas siab puas ntsws tiag: yuav ua li cas paub txog cov neeg dag ntxias

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Phau ntawv qhia rau nthuav tawm cov kws paub txog homebrew thiab couch gurus.

Muaj ntau phau ntawv, cov kev kawm thiab kev cob qhia ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab hauv Is Taws Nem uas cog lus tias yuav ua rau koj zoo siab, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg koom nrog kev sib hlub, thiab tib lub sijhawm kho mob thaum yau. Kev thov siab ua rau muaj ntau tus neeg dag ntxias thiab cov neeg tsis muaj peev xwm, zais tom qab cov ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntseeg thiab ntxias cov kev cia siab. Lub neej hacker qhia yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob poob rau lawv cov kab nuv ntses. Thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nws pom tias qhov chaw puas siab puas ntsws nyob hauv kev tshawb fawb.

Puas yog psychology yog science

Ua ntej tham txog kev puas siab puas ntsws cuav, koj yuav tsum nkag siab seb nws puas suav tias yog kev tshawb fawb txhua. Qhov kev sib tham no yog ua los ntawm Henriques G. "Psychology puas yog Science?" Sib cav. Psychology Niaj hnub no txij li thaum pib ntawm qhov kev paub no nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Tseem tsis muaj lus teb meej, vim tias ob qho tib si kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev tshawb fawb yog cov ntsiab lus nyuaj, ntau yam.

Muaj ntau ntau yam kev lees paub rau kev tshawb fawb:

• systematic, kev txawj ntse;
• tsim txoj kev (feem ntau lees txais txoj kev tshawb fawb);
• empiricism (lub peev xwm los ua pov thawj txoj kev xav, ua ib qho kev sim), rov ua dua ntawm cov txiaj ntsig;
• objectivity, kev ywj pheej ntawm qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev xav ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb.

Nws pom tseeb tias kev puas siab puas ntsws muaj teeb meem nrog qee cov ntsiab lus no. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua, thiab cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb ntawm ntuj tsim (physics, chemistry, biology) tsis tuaj yeem siv rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev puas siab puas ntsws. Qhov tseeb yog tias kev puas siab puas ntsws kawm ib qho kev kawm tsis ruaj khov - lub hlwb thiab tib neeg tus cwj pwm. Nws kuj yog ib qho chaw ntawm kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv uas nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev kom tsis txhob muaj kev paub tsis meej thiab delusions.

Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb yog Henriques G. "Psychology puas yog Science?" Sib cav. Psychology Niaj hnub no qhov teeb meem ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws yog tias thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho nws lub neej nws tsis tau tsim ib lub tswv yim uas tag nrho cov psychologists los yog feem ntau ntawm lawv yuav pom zoo. Qee qhov chaw tshwm sim thiab ploj mus Gilbert D. Cov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws niaj hnub no yog dab tsi? Big Think tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam thiab tsis siv neeg sai heev.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis lees paub txog kev puas siab puas ntsws los ua kev tshawb fawb: cov kws tshawb fawb-psychologists ua kev tshawb fawb, tsim cov kev xav thiab sim lawv, nrhiav cov qauv. Yog li txawm tias qhov no tsis yog kev tshawb fawb (tseem muaj kev sib cav ntau ntxiv txog kev sociology, kev nom kev tswv thiab keeb kwm), ces tsawg kawg yog kev qhuab qhia kev tshawb fawb lossis kev paub txog kev paub.

Dab tsi yog pseudopsychology

Tam sim no cia peb tig mus rau kev puas siab puas ntsws cuav. Lub Encyclopedia of Psychology, kho los ntawm Raymond Corsini thiab Alan Auerbach, muaj cov lus piav qhia hauv qab no:

Cov kev ua ub no uas muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg lossis zoo li zoo ib yam li kev puas siab puas ntsws tuaj yeem muaj los ntawm ze rau cov haujlwm tshaj lij mus rau kev tawm tsam tsis ncaj ncees. Qee hom pseudo-psychology yog qhov tsis muaj teeb meem thiab kev lom zem ua si, tab sis lwm yam ntawm nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav.

Pseudo-psychology, tsis zoo li tam sim no, tsis cia siab rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sim thiab kev tshawb fawb. Nws txoj kev siv dav dav yog vim qhov tseeb tias nws feem ntau dhau los ua ib qho kev txo qis kev ntxhov siab lossis kev ntxhov siab.

Vim li cas pseudopsychology txaus ntshai?

Cov kev coj ua zoo li no tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau tib neeg, tsim thiab txhawb nqa kev ntseeg pseudoscientific thiab txawm tias nco tsis tseeb.

Quack psychologists tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus mob hnyav dua nrog lawv cov lus qhia. Nws yog qhov phem dua yog tias, tau tuaj rau qhov kev cob qhia, koj poob rau hauv ib pawg ntseeg thiab ua neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsis tsuas yog poob nyiaj thiab pheej hmoo ua txhaum kev sib txuas nrog cov neeg koj hlub thiab lub ntiaj teb tiag tiag, tab sis kuj, tej zaum, tau txais kev puas siab puas ntsws tshiab lossis kev raug mob ntawm lub cev.

Piv txwv li, tus neeg sau xov xwm ntawm "Novaya Gazeta" Elena Kostyuchenko tsuas yog plaub hnub tau siv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab sib npaug ntawm Lifespring - "Rose of the World" kev cob qhia - siv sijhawm ib hlis thiab ib nrab "Kuv tsuas yog nco ntsoov tias kuv tau dag rau pem teb ntawm lub tsev thiab quaj - thiab quaj ntawm kuv." Yuav ua li cas kev cob qhia kev lag luam tig tib neeg los ua cultists. Tus Insider ntawm lub tsev kho mob puas hlwb. Nws tab tom tshawb nrhiav kev tua tus kheej ntawm peb lwm tus tswv cuab ntawm qhov project.

Tsis tas li ntawd, pseudo-tus kws tshaj lij txo qis kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws feem ntau thiab ua rau muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb kev kawm. Thiab qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, tsuas yog ntxiv dag zog rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm pseudopsychology.

Cov ntsiab lus dab tsi yog pseudopsychology feem ntau ua raws li?

Nws tuaj yeem nyuaj rau kos ib txoj kab meej ntawm cov tswv yim tshiab hauv kev kawm txog kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab cov kev xav tsis tseeb. Yog tias nws muaj ntau dua lossis tsawg dua nrog cov kev xav tsis meej, xws li astrology, numerology, palmistry, ces teeb meem yuav tshwm sim nrog ntau lub tswv yim kev tshawb fawb. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog:

• Phrenology - cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm tib neeg lub siab lub ntsws thiab cov qauv ntawm nws pob txha taub hau, ib qho ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws pseudosciences.
• Physiognomy - ib txoj kev xav raws li tus neeg lub ntsej muag tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab nws tus cwj pwm, kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab lub xeev ntawm kev noj qab haus huv. Hauv Cambridge Keeb Kwm ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, physiognomy yog nyob ntawm qhov sib npaug nrog alchemy thiab astrology.
• Graphology - cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev sib txuas ruaj khov ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab tus cwj pwm tus cwj pwm. Kev tshawb fawb; tsis ua pov thawj nws ua haujlwm.
• Kev nyeem ntawv txias - cov txheej txheem siv los ntawm psychics thiab illusionists los tsim lub tswv yim uas lawv paub ("scan", "nyeem") tus neeg uas lawv pom thawj zaug. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev nyeem ntawv txias, tsuas yog kev kwv yees thiab cov kab lus dav dav siv.
• Parapsychology - pseudoscientific Reber A. S., Alcock J. E. Vim li cas Parapsychological thov tsis tuaj yeem muaj tseeb. Skeptical Inquirer Ib qho kev qhuab qhia uas sim siv txoj hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab cov lus siv los tshawb nrhiav qhov tshwm sim supernatural.
• Transpersonal Psychology - ib qho qauv uas sib txuas cov txheej txheem ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm lwm yam kev tshawb fawb, kev cai dab qhuas thiab sab ntsuj plig. Tsis lees paub los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov zej zog kev tshawb fawb.
• Kev yug dua tshiab - cov txheej txheem ua pa uas supposedly yuav pab kho cov kev puas siab puas ntsws qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev raug mob, uas, raws li adherents ntawm txoj kev no, txhua tus neeg tau txais thaum yug los. Thaum ib lub sijhawm rov yug dua tshiab, tus ntxhais 10 xyoo, Candice Newmaker, tuag. Qhov kev coj ua tau pom tias muaj kev lees paub.
• Socionics - lub tswv yim pseudoscientific ntawm cwm pwm hom, tsim nyob rau hauv USSR.
• Lifespring - Kev cob qhia tus kheej kev loj hlob los ntawm lub tuam txhab ntawm tib lub npe, uas tau tshwm sim hauv ntau qhov kev foob pib los ntawm nws cov neeg qub qub. Lub koom haum nws tus kheej thiab nws cov successors yog txaus ntshai manipulative sects.
• Human Design System - ib tug pseudoscientific Tolboll M. Ib tug Critique ntawm tib neeg tsim System nkaum qab lub tswv yim los ntawm physics thiab psychology, combining cov ntsiab lus ntawm astrology, Eastern qhia thiab tswv yim los ntawm ancient treatises.
• "Vedic Psychology" - ib qho kev ntseeg uas hais txog cov ntawv ntawm Vedas (cov vaj lug kub dawb huv ntawm Hinduism) thiab txhawb lub tswv yim ntawm "poj niam" thiab "txiv neej" txoj hmoo. Tus kws kho mob ntawm Psychology Alexander Tkhostov, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm ntawm Moscow State University, hauv kev xam phaj "Kev hu tus poj niam ua vajtswv poj niam yog ib txoj hauv kev pheej yig. Nws yuav ua kom koj nyob kaj siab lug rau ib hnub lossis ib lub lim tiam, thiab tom qab ntawd txoj sia yuav pib." Realnoe Vremya tau hais tawm txoj haujlwm rau Realnoe Vremya cov ntawv xov xwm tias cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm txoj hauv kev no "tsis ua pov thawj dab tsi, lawv cov lus yog raws li kev ntseeg."
• Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) - lub tswv yim pseudoscientific, raws li qhov koj tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev luam cov cwj pwm ntawm lwm tus neeg.

Tseem muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog qhov siv tau ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm psychoanalysis thiab txoj kev xav ntawm kev txhais lus ntawm kev npau suav ntawm Sigmund Freud - muaj pov thawj thiab kev sim me me.

Qhov no kuj tseem yuav suav nrog kev kho thawj zaug (kev puas siab puas ntsws siv qw), hypnotic hnub nyoog regression (muaj lub sijhawm dhau los hauv hypnosis), kev kho ntawm lub neej yav dhau los (muaj lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm incarnations nyob rau hauv hypnosis), kab ke hauv tsev neeg lub hnub qub (kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov teeb meem puas siab puas ntsws hauv ob peb. tiam neeg ntawm tsev neeg), neurocoaching (ib txoj hauv kev rau kev muaj tswv yim ntxiv), neuropsychoanalysis (sib txuas kev puas siab puas ntsws nrog kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj), desensitization (txo qis kev xav tawm) thiab lwm txoj hauv kev nug.

Yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas ib lub tswv yim rau cov cim scientific

Cov kws tshawb fawb cuav tuaj yeem siv lwm yam "kev ntseeg tshiab" lossis cov tswv yim pseudoscientific. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum kawm kom paub txog lawv.

Ib qho ntawm txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab txog kev ua yeeb yam tau hais rov qab rau xyoo 1934 los ntawm Austrian philosopher thiab sociologist Karl Popper. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Popper KR Logic ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb. - M., 2005 "Lub logic ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb", nws tau taw qhia tias ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm pseudoscience yog categorical xwm ntawm nws cov thwjtim, tsis kam lees tias lub tswv yim tuaj yeem thim rov qab, uas yog, kev ntseeg ntau dua li kev paub txog lub hom phiaj..

Popper tau muab piv txwv li no: qhov kev xav "Tag nrho cov swans yog dawb" tuaj yeem txhawb nqa los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev soj ntsuam tsis kawg. Tab sis nws yuav tau tsis lees paub los ntawm thawj qhov kev paub uas tau pom ib tug swan dub. Nws hloov tawm tias lo lus nug tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau nug yog tias koj tsis ntseeg qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub tswv yim yog: "Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum tshwm sim kom koj tso tseg koj tus kheej qhov kev xav?"

Tsis muaj cov kev xav tshiab thiab sim tau, cov lus tsis meej pem, tsis paub txog kev tshawb fawb hauv zej zog yuav tsum ceeb toom koj. Tus kws sau xov xwm Science Emily Willingham, sau rau Washington Post, Scientific American, Forbes thiab lwm tus, qhia Willingham E. 10 Cov Lus Nug Kom Paub Qhov Tseeb Los Ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb. Forbes nug 10 cov lus nug hauv qab no los ntsuas qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus:

1. Cov peev txheej yog dab tsi? Tshawb xyuas cov ntawv sau cia: Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv loj (xws li Nature, The Lancet, lossis Science) nrog rau kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub (tsis yog xyoo pua 20th) yog ib qho cim zoo. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los xyuas seb puas muaj leej twg xa mus rau tus sau phau ntawv.
2. Leej twg yog nyiaj txiag? Kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm qee lub koom haum. Yog hais tias tsis yog ib lo lus hais txog qhov no, tab sis raws li txoj kev uas koj tau muab los yuav ib yam dab tsi - feem ntau yuav, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob coj tej ntaub ntawv los yog kev cob qhia tiag.
3. Tus sau siv hom lus twg? Tus kws tshawb fawb phem yog leej twg tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia nws qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv cov lus yooj yim. Ib pawg ntawm cov ntsiab lus lossis, qhov sib txawv, ntau ntawm cov lus xav lossis cov cim exclamation tsis zoo.
4. Puas muaj kev tshuaj xyuas? Yog tias tus kws sau phau ntawv lossis kev cob qhia, es tsis txhob siv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, thuam cov kev tshuaj xyuas uas cov neeg nyeem lossis cov neeg koom koom qhia cov txiaj ntsig zoo kawg, feem ntau lawv yuav sim dag koj.
5. Txoj kev tshawb fawb puas lees txais kev zam? Kev tshawb fawb tau muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab ib txwm (txawm tias cov kev xav uas twb muaj lawm tsis lees paub) tso siab rau cov kev paub dhau los ntawm cov tiam dhau los. Yog li cov txheej txheem "cim", "secret" thiab "revolutionary" cov txheej txheem yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg.
6. Puas muaj ib qho hais txog kev koom ua ke? "Cov kws kho mob zais", "tsoomfwv tsis tshaj tawm qhov zais cia rau leej twg" - cov kab lus no qhia meej txog qhov tsis tseeb ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm lawv cov kws sau ntawv.
7. Puas yog tus kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tias nws tuaj yeem kho ntau yam mob ib zaug? Tsis txhob ntseeg cov uas cog lus kho mob rau kev ua xua, kev ntxhov siab, thiab mob qog noj ntshav thiab kev nyuaj siab yog scammers.
8. Puas muaj nyiaj txiag lossis kev coj noj coj ua hauv qab no tag nrho zaj dab neeg? Tus neeg twg uas tau txais nyiaj los ntawm kev hais lus, kev sib tham, kev kawm tsis yog ib txwm dag. Tab sis feem ntau cov phau ntawv puas siab ntsws thiab kev cob qhia yog siv los ntawm cov sects los nrhiav cov neeg tshiab.
9. Cov pov thawj yog dab tsi? Kev taw qhia txog kev xav rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb yog txheej txheem ntau theem: qhov no yuav tsum muaj kev tshawb fawb hauv paus thiab kev kho mob, lawv cov kws tshaj lij kev soj ntsuam, thiab taug qab cov haujlwm tshawb fawb. Yog tias tsis muaj cov pov thawj zoo li no, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj - nrog qhov tshwm sim siab - qhov kev xav tsis tseeb.
10. Puas yog tus kws tshaj lij? Qhov tseeb tias ib tug neeg muaj kev kawm txuj ci tseem tsis tau ua rau nws ua tus kws tshaj lij hauv txhua qhov chaw. Tej zaum nws yuav yog Ph. D., tab sis sau txog lub hlwb neurons thiab chemical engineering. Xav txog ntau qhov chaw thiab kev xav los txiav txim seb tus neeg sau phau ntawv lossis kev cob qhia tiag tiag muaj kev nkag siab tob txog thaj chaw uas tau teev tseg.

Lwm cov cim qhia dab tsi koj tuaj yeem lees paub tias yog kev puas siab puas ntsws cuav?

Tus kws kho hlwb tsis yog superman thiab tsis yog taug kev X-ray. Tsis txhob cia siab tias yuav muaj txuj ci tseem ceeb los ntawm nws thiab vam tias "tom qab nyeem phau ntawv no, thaum kawg kuv yuav daws tau tag nrho kuv cov teeb meem."Ntau yam nyob ntawm seb nws txoj haujlwm koj nyeem thiab qhov kev cob qhia koj tuaj koom: tus kws tshaj lij nrog kev kawm thiab kev paub dhau los lossis nag hmo tus niam tsev uas tau kawm ob lub lis piam. Nov yog qee cov qauv uas koj tuaj yeem txhais tau tus kws kho mob tsis zoo.

1. Cov kev ua tiav ntawm tus sau tsis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau

Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv phau ntawv preface, nyob rau hauv Hais txog tus sau seem, los yog nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv teev lus, muaj kev tshawb fawb txog uas Yandex los yog Google tsis paub dab tsi, ces tej zaum lawv tsuas yog tsis muaj nyob. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv nyiaj rau cov phau ntawv thiab kev cob qhia ntawm tus kws sau ntawv zoo li no.

Yog hais tias ib tug neeg muab piv txwv ntawm "kev sim" nyob rau theem "Kuv so nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv thiab soj ntsuam tus cwj pwm ntawm tib neeg" - qhov no tsis yog ib tug psychologist los yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua tiav ncaj qha tsis tsim nyog rau kev lees paub txog kev tshaj lij: "qhib kuv tus kheej qhov chaw cob qhia", "sau ib phau ntawv", "tuav ntau txhiab kev sib tham". Tag nrho cov no tsis yog pov thawj ntawm kev txawj ntse lossis kev vam meej. Ib qho "chaw qhia ntawv" tej zaum yuav yog ib phau ntawv qub txeeg qub teg los ntawm ib tug pog, thiab ib phau ntawv tej zaum yuav yog cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tau luam tawm txhua qhov chaw.

Cov kev ua tiav tiag tiag tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog, piv txwv li, cov ntawv luam tawm hauv cov ntawv txheeb xyuas kev tshawb fawb (Psychology Niaj hnub no, Kev Tshawb Fawb, Xwm, "Cov Lus Nug ntawm Psychology", "Psychological Science thiab Kev Kawm"), muaj cov ntawv pov thawj, cov lus piav qhia uas tuaj yeem ua tau. nyeem.

2. Hais txog kev paub ntawm tib neeg thiab pej xeem kev txawj ntse

Tus kws tshawb fawb tseeb tsis tab tom nrhiav qhov tseeb hauv cov ntawv sau thaum ub thiab aphorisms ntawm tus kheej zoo. Nws tig mus rau tej hauj lwm scientific. Cov npe tsis muaj zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv los yog nws qhov tsis tuaj yeem txhais cov kev tshawb fawb rau hauv qeb ntawm cov ntawv tseeb lossis raws li qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrov.

Qhov no kuj suav nrog txoj hauv kev uas zoo li kev sib tham hauv chav ua noj: "guru" caw koj los hais lus, xav txog tias koj tab tom muaj kev sib tham hauv siab. Tab sis tus kws kho kev puas siab puas ntsws tsis yog ib tus neeg uas muab kev daws teeb meem rau ib qho teeb meem, nqis los ntawm lub pedestal ntawm nws txoj kev ua neej. Tus kws kho mob hlwb yog ib tus neeg paub zoo nrog kev tshawb fawb txog tib neeg tus cwj pwm thiab yog li tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau muaj teeb meem tiag tiag.

3. Cov kab lus dav dav tsis yog hom lus tshwj xeeb

Muaj ib yam li cov nyhuv Barnum, lossis cov nyhuv Forer. Raws li nws, tib neeg nyiam sim ua qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm tib neeg zoo, pom lawv ua tus kheej.

Cov txiaj ntsig no tau piav qhia zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev sim ua xyoo 1949 los ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb Bertram Forer nrog nws cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv University of Massachusetts. Nws hais kom cov neeg koom ua ib qho kev xeem, raws li qhov nws xav tias yuav muaj peev xwm kos tau ib qho kev puas siab puas ntsws portrait ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm lawv txhua tus. Txawm li cas los xij, es tsis yog qhov kev ntsuas tiag tiag, Forer tau xa tawm tib cov ntawv tsis meej uas tau coj los ntawm horoscope rau cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab hais kom lawv ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm tsib lub ntsiab lus. Qhov qhab nia nruab nrab yog 4, 26.

Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tsis thoob yog hais tias tus "psychologist" los ntawm thawj nplooj ntawv los yog nyob rau hauv 5 feeb ntawm kev cob qhia "nyeem" koj, tau kawm nyob rau hauv ib tug incomprehensible txoj kev uas thaum yau raug mob los yog teeb meem nyob rau hauv koj tus kheej lub neej. Tus kws tshaj lij tiag tiag piav qhia txog qhov teeb meem tshwj xeeb, lossis muab tag nrho cov kev xaiv ua tau uas nws tau ntsib hauv kev xyaum thiab hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm.

4. Banal tswv yim thiab imposing koj lub tswv yim

"Cia li mus rau yav dhau los", "Hlub koj tus kheej", "Ua koj tus kheej" - tag nrho cov no yog cov lus pom zoo uas tsis paub meej tias yuav ua li cas hauv lub neej. Lawv yooj yim muab rau txhua lub sijhawm. Tsis nyiam koj txoj haujlwm? Koj tsuas yog tsis tau kawm los ua koj tus kheej. Koj puas muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog koj tus khub? Koj tsuas tsis hlub koj tus kheej xwb.

Cov lus qhia zoo li no tsis daws koj cov teeb meem thiab tsis pab koj nkag siab tias koj yuav tsum ua li cas. Ntxiv mus, txawm tias thaum lub sij hawm xyaum ua (thaum koj tuaj rau kev sab laj ntawm tus kheej), kws kho mob hlwb thiab kws kho mob hlwb yuav tsum Anderson S. K. Kom Muab lossis Tsis Qhia. Psychology Niaj hnub no yuav tsum ceev faj heev thaum ua cov lus pom zoo. Qhov no yog ib lo lus nug loj heev Anderson, S. K., Handelsman, M. M. Ethics rau psychotherapists thiab counselors: Ib tug proactive mus kom ze. - Wiley-Blackwell, 2010 Professional Ethics. Tom qab tag nrho, thaum qhia ib yam dab tsi, tus kws kho mob hlwb yuav tsis nco qab pib ua nws txoj kev xav rau koj, thiab qhov no yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees thiab tsis ua haujlwm.

5. cog lus tias yuav daws txhua yam teeb meem hauv ib qho mus

Tsis muaj txoj hauv kev universal. Ib yam li kho tus kab mob, koj yuav tsum haus ntau tshaj ib ntsiav tshuaj, tab sis tag nrho cov chav kawm, yog li cov teeb meem puas siab puas ntsws tsis tau daws nrog ib tus ntiv tes. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob nkim koj lub sijhawm thiab nyiaj txiag rau cov neeg uas cog lus tias yuav pab koj txhua yam ib zaug.

6. Science zoo li hais lus

Raws li tau hais los saum no, tus kws tshawb fawb tiag tiag tuaj yeem piav qhia nws txoj kev xav lossis sim ua cov lus yooj yooj yim lossis muab piv txwv uas nkag siab rau tib neeg. Tab sis qee zaum cov ntsiab lus nyuaj yuav tsis yog tsuas yog lub siab xav saib ntau dua, tab sis kuj yog kev dag ntxias. Piv txwv li, cov neeg ua raws ntawm "Human Design" hauv lawv cov kev cob qhia qhia Tolboll M. A Critique of the Human Design System txog neutrino particles, thiab qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus nyuaj txawm tias tus kws tshaj lij physicist.

Ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tseeb, thiab tsis txhob tso siab rau cov kws sau ntawv thiab lawv cov kev xav uas koj tsis nkag siab.