10 qhov kev xav tsis zoo txog samurai peb ntseeg hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab kev ua si

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Lawv lub tswv yim ntawm kev hwm, kev lis kev cai, thiab txawm riam phom tsis yog txhua yam uas koj tau xav.

1. Cov riam phom tseem ceeb ntawm samurai yog katana

Feem ntau, samurai tau piav qhia nrog ob rab ntaj hauv lawv txoj siv - ntev katana thiab luv wakizashi. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov neeg xav tias lawv yog melee warriors sib ntaus sib tua nrog ntaj. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog li ntawd.

Cov samurai, tau kawg, siv katana thiab wakizashi, tab sis tsuas yog thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Yeej, qhov riam phom no tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm lawv cov xwm txheej, vim tias cov neeg ua lag luam thiab cov neeg txawj ntse - tsuas yog nqa tau ib rab ntaj luv luv (thiab tom qab ntawd nws raug txwv).

Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov samurai feem ntau yog nees archers. Qhov no yog txoj cai ntawm cov nom tswv, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv me me Nyiv, nrog ib tug shortage ntawm pasture, ib tug nees yog tsim nyog ib tug hmoov zoo. Lub bushi nqa ib rab hneev ntev waku, daikyu lossis yumi thiab xyoob xub rau nws. Thiab cov txuj ci ntawm kev tua los ntawm cov riam phom no rau samurai yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li swordsmanship.

Qhov no ua rau kev txiav txim siab, vim hais tias tus yeeb ncuab feem ntau yooj yim tua dua li hnia ntawm nws nrog rab ntaj.

Samurai, tsis zoo li European knights, tsis hnav ntaub thaiv npog. Lawv cov squires ua rau lawv - lawv rub cov ntoo loj tate shields kom tus tswv tuaj yeem nkaum tom qab lawv thaum tua.

Yog hais tias nws tuaj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tes, cov samurai coj yari hmuv, naginata (ib yam dab tsi zoo li Japanese halberd, ib hom hybrid ntawm saber thiab mop) thiab cov pab pawg hlau thiab kanabo clubs los tua cov yeeb ncuab hauv armor. Lub bushi kuj siv kusarigama thiab kusari-fundo - cov hniav thiab cov kab mob ntawm cov saw, uas feem ntau yog siv hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab nkaus xwb los ntawm ninjas.

Thaum kawg, lawv qee zaum brandished ib nodachi, ntev heev, me ntsis nkhaus ntaj (tsim zoo li Japanese version ntawm zweihander). Katana, ntawm qhov tod tes, qee zaum tsis raug coj mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua txhua, nyiam khaws nws ua ib yam khoom.

2. Samurai yeej muab siab npuab lawv daimyo mus txog hnub kawg

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub kab lis kev cai, lo lus "samurai" yog synonymous nrog kev hwm thiab kev mob siab rau. Cov tub rog Nyij Pooj thaum ub aristocratic zoo li tau hais txog qhov no. Lawv npaj tsis tau tsuas yog tua xwb, tab sis kuj yuav tuag rau lawv tus tswv. Thiab daimyo tsuas yog yuav tsum tau tsa ib lub qhov muag rau nws samurai mus rau lub hom phiaj tua tus kheej los yog ua txhaum seppuku, tsuas yog khaws nws lub meej mom.

Tab sis qhov tseeb, cov samurai, zoo li cov European knights, tsis yog li ntawd impeccably loyal. Lawv muab lawv daimyo thaum nws them lawv - feem ntau yog mov. Yog hais tias tus tswv tsis haum rau samurai, nws yooj yim mus rau tus tswv zoo dua nrog rau tag nrho nws cov tub rog.

Hauv Tebchaws Europe, kev ntxeev siab kuj tshwm sim, tab sis cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws tau pib kho cov tub rog uas tau ua phem li no nrog kev thuam. Nyob rau hauv Nyiv, tawm hauv tus tswv tsis tau suav hais tias yog ib yam dab tsi tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm samurai.

Alessandro Valignano, ib tug tub txib Jesuit uas tshaj tawm hauv Nyij Pooj xyoo 1573, sau txog cov samurai:

Lawv sawv thaum twg lawv muaj caij nyoog los txeeb lawv lub hwj chim ntawm cov thawj coj lossis koom nrog lawv cov yeeb ncuab. Tom qab ntawd lawv hloov sab dua thiab tshaj tawm lawv tus kheej cov phooj ywg. Tab sis lawv sawv rov qab los thaum lub sijhawm tshwm sim. Cov cwj pwm zoo li no tsis cuam tshuam rau lawv ib yam nkaus.

Alessandro Valignano

Cov neeg Nyij Pooj tseem muaj cov lus hais tias "xya lub caij nplooj zeeg, yim sawv." Qhov ntawd yog pes tsawg zaus daimyo, hauv kev xav, tuaj yeem zam txim rau tus vassal uas ntxeev siab rau nws txoj kev ntseeg. Lossis tso ib ntus los ntawm kev pabcuam kom nws tsis txhob npau taws.

3. Koj tuaj yeem txiav lwm rab ntaj nrog katana yooj yim

Muaj kev ntseeg hais tias samurai hniav yog incredibly muaj zog thiab ntse. Lawv tuaj yeem txiav ob peb tus neeg hauv ib nrab nrog ib lub tshuab, txiav ib rab ntaj yeeb ncuab lossis rab phom phom, faib cov phuam qhwv caj dab lossis cov plaub hau rau hauv ob ntu, thiab lwm yam.

Txawm li cas los xij, katana tsis txawv tshwj xeeb ntawm saber lossis checker. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov neeg Nyij Pooj muaj cov hlau zoo me me, thiab yog li ntawd katanas tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm tej yam zoo uas Western ntev-bladeed riam phom yuav tsis muaj. Lawv sharpness tsis tuaj yeem hu ua supernatural ib qho: European hniav txiav ntawv, ntaub thiab lwm yam tsis zoo dua.

Yog li nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom txiav lwm katana nrog ib tug katana, cia nyob ib leeg ib tug European bastard ntaj. Yog tias koj tsis ntseeg nws, saib yuav ua li cas tus kws sim hauv German program Welt der Wunder sim ua nws.

Ib tug samurai nrog xws li ib tug katana, uas tawm tsam nrog ib tug knight los yog tsawg kawg yog ib tug mercenary-landsknecht, yuav muaj ib tug nyuaj lub sij hawm.

4. Samurai swords tau forged los ntawm ntau txhiab txheej hlau

Ntau tus ntseeg tias cov katanas tiag tiag yog forged los ntawm tus tswv armorer rau ntau xyoo. Thaum lub sij hawm no, tus kws ntaus hlau folds cov hlau dawb paug ntau zaus, imparting zoo kawg lub zog thiab sharpness rau rab ntaj.

Qhov no yog, ntawm chav kawm, ib tug delusion. Billets los ntawm tamahagane, Japanese hlau, tseem hu ua "pob zeb diamond", yog tiag tiag ua los ntawm rov folding thiab ces flattening cov hlau.

Tab sis cov txheej hlau, uas tau sau tseg tias qhov zoo ntawm katana, yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj tsis yog vim nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb, tab sis vim lawv tsis muaj txoj hauv kev zoo dua los ntxuav cov xuab zeb ntawm cov hlau tsis huv thiab zoo dua faib cov pa roj carbon hauv cov hlau.. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hlau no tsis yog ib qho zais cia ntawm Japanese craftsmen, tab sis ib tug kiag li zoo tib yam txheej txheem uas tau siv thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no.

Ntau txhiab lub sij hawm steel tsis tau folded. Khoov lub workpiece ntau tshaj 20 lub sij hawm yog nkim sij hawm, raws li qhov no ua rau ntau tshaj diffusion ntawm carbon nyob rau hauv cov khoom. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev khoov hlau, hu ua shita-kitae, tau rov ua dua 8-16 zaug.

Thiab thaum cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau pib xa cov hlau los ntawm Tebchaws Europe, lawv feem ntau tso tseg lub zog ntawm Sita-Kitae, vim tias cov hlau nyob sab Europe pheej yig dua thiab zoo dua qub.

Thiab katanas tsis tau forged hauv xyoo. Qhov nruab nrab, nws siv ib rab ntaj, los ntawm peb lub lis piam mus rau ob peb lub hlis.

5. Cov riam phom tsis tuaj yeem lees txais rau cov samurai

Raws li koj paub, rab phom tau tsim los ntawm cowardly gaijins uas tsis paub txog txoj kev hwm. Tej yam no yog kev qias neeg rau samurai tiag. Nws tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab ntsej muag thiab tsuas yog nrog ntaj. Thiab yog hais tias tus yeeb ncuab tua nws, lub samurai yuav tuag nrog kev ua siab loj. Zoo, los yog nws yuav ntaus tawm ib lub mos txwv nyob rau hauv davhlau nrog ib tug katana. Yam tsawg kawg hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub samurai tsis tsuas yog tsis saib tsis taus phom, tab sis kuj tau txais lawv yuav luag sai li sai tau raws li cov Europeans coj lawv mus rau Nyiv. Lub Portuguese log tsev fuabtais, hu ua tanegashima los ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj xyoo 1543, hloov kev tsov rog hauv Nyij Pooj.

Tub rog units tau tsim los ntawm arquebusiers thiab pikemen. Cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau raug ntes los ntawm riam phom uas thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th lawv tau txais lub cev ntawm arquebusiers, ntau dua li nyob rau hauv ib lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe.

Yeej, riam phom - thiab rab yaj phom tes, thiab phom, thiab phom - tau yuav hauv Netherlands. Thiab kom muaj ib co txias imported chim ntawm lub samurai yog suav hais tias tsis txaj muag, tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, hwm thiab xwm txheej.

6. Samurai yog cov tub rog tseem ceeb

Feem ntau, samurai yog suav tias yog cov tub rog uas tsis muaj kev ntshai uas mob siab rau lawv lub neej rau kev ua rog. Tab sis qhov no tsis muaj tseeb. Lo lus samurai, yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev rau lwm yam lus, yuav txhais tau tias tsis yog "tus tub rog", tab sis "nobleman" lossis "aristocrat", tab sis txhais ncaj qha tias "ib tug neeg ua haujlwm".

Raws li, ntawm cov samurai muaj txaus ntawm cov neeg uas tsis tau tawm tsam txhua. Lawv ua raws li cov neeg sau se, bookkeepers, tub ceev xwm, thiab lwm yam.

Cov tub rog tiag tiag qee zaum txawm luag ntawm cov samurai, hais tias lawv nqa ntaj tsis raug - nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm kab rov tav, uas tsis tso cai rau lawv tam sim ntawd kos lawv cov riam phom.

Thiab cov samurai tsis tuaj yeem hu ua cov neeg tseem ceeb tiag tiag. Piv txwv li, hauv 1600 Nyiv muaj 18 lab tus tib neeg, thiab samurai suav txog 5-6% ntawm tag nrho. Yog li ib tug tsis tuaj yeem hu lawv ua ib chav me me.

7. Ib tug kws txawj samurai yuav nres lub katana nrog npuaj teg ntawm nws xib teg

Qee lub sij hawm cov tub rog kev txawj ntse ntawm samurai hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tau qhia tag nrho implausible. Yog li, qee zaum muaj kev paub txog bushi tswj kom nres lub tshuab ntawm tus nrog sib ntaus katana los ntawm tuav nws ntawm ob txhais tes. Nws zoo nkaus li txias heev, tab sis tsis muaj tseeb kiag li.

Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv sib txawv ntawm fencing - ob qho tib si Japanese thiab European - muaj cov tswv yim uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tau rab ntaj ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Tab sis ua ntej tuav riam phom los ntawm cov hniav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum hnav bracers thiab hnab looj tes tuab. Lawv tsis kov cov hniav nrog lawv txhais tes liab qab - koj tsuas tuaj yeem tuav tus kov lossis tus nrog sib ntaus tes.

Nws tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom nres lub tshuab ntawm cov hniav nrog npuaj ntawm koj ob txhais tes - koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau txiav los yog txiav tawm tag nrho koj cov ceg.

8. Samurai ua raws li txoj cai Bushido

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias Bushi-do, txoj kev ntawm tus tub rog, yog ib tug txheej ntawm txoj cai tswj lub neej ntawm ib tug samurai. Thiab txhua tus bushi yuav tsum paub cov cai no. Yog hais tias nws ua txhaum nws, nws yuav raug yuam kom ua ritual tua tus kheej seppuku, vim hais tias tus tub rog yuav tsum nruj me ntsis saib xyuas nws lub meej mom.

Hauv kev muaj tiag, samurai muaj cov cai ntawm kev coj ua, ntawm chav kawm, tab sis lawv tsis tau sau. Cov npe tag nrho tau muab tso ua ke hauv nws phau ntawv "Hagakure" los ntawm samurai Yamamoto Tsunetomo. Muaj ib tug me me tab sis: nws tsis yog ib tug bushi, nws yeej tsis tau pom kev tsov rog thiab ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub vaj tse ntawm daimyo Saga.

Thiab Yamamoto tau sau tseg tsis yog qee qhov kev cai hloov pauv tsis tau, tab sis nco txog cov qub samurai thiab nws tus kheej cov tswv yim txog cov tub rog zoo tshaj plaws. Yog li kev txiav txim ib tug bushi los ntawm Hagakure yog zoo li tsim ib lub tswv yim ntawm knights los ntawm courtly novels.

Samurai tiag tiag xav txog kev hwm yog txawv ntawm cov niaj hnub no. Thiab, rau qhov teeb meem, txhua tus tau tsim cov cai rau lawv tus kheej.

Ntau tus bushi tsis pom dab tsi ua phem rau hauv kev nyiag tus yeeb ncuab tom qab yam tsis tau tshaj tawm qhov pib ntawm kev sib tw.

Fratricide, kev ntxeev siab, ua haujlwm rau ntau tus tswv tib lub sijhawm ntawm cov samurai kuj tau tshwm sim. Tab sis kuv tuaj yeem hais li cas, tag nrho cov kos duab ntawm battojutsu tau mob siab rau kom nrawm nrawm nrawm thiab tua ib tus neeg thaum nws tsis xav tias muaj dab tsi - piv txwv li, thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj yej ceremony. Nws tsis tshua zoo li kev ncaj ncees.

9. Seppuku yog qhov xaus zoo tshaj plaws rau samurai

Ib tug samurai uas poob nws lub meej mom, nyob rau hauv txoj kev xav, yeej yuav tsum tau ua ritual tua tus kheej seppuku. Nws muaj xws li hauv qab no: bushi hnav dawb, sau paj huam farewell, ces txhos caug thiab ripped qhib nws lub plab nrog ib tug luv luv hniav ntawm ib tug kusungobu. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua tsis muaj hesitation thiab nrog lub ntsej muag impenetrable.

Thiab tus samurai tus phooj ywg, hu ua kaisyaku, yuav tsum tau txiav nws lub taub hau, tab sis tsis yog kiag li, tab sis kom nws dai rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Yog hais tias tus kaisyaku carelessly tshuab tawm nws lub taub hau, lub samurai yuav tsum tau npog nrog kev txaj muag. Yog hais tias lub samurai sawv ruaj khov, nws lub plab tau ripped qhib kom raug thiab nws lub taub hau raug txiav tawm impeccably, ces nws lub meej mom raug cawm dim.

Nws suab txaus ntshai, tab sis qhov tseeb, hara-kiri, feem ntau, tau ua tsis tau los cawm kev hwm, tab sis kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem ntau dua. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias ib tug samurai yeej nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab raug hem nrog kev poob cev qhev thiab tsim txom, nws xaiv qhov kawg ceev, uas kuj pab cawm lub ntsej muag.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog, xav txog yuav ua li cas ua phem rau samurai kho cov neeg raug kaw - hlawv, ntsia saum ntoo khaub lig thiab boiling hauv dej npau npau. Cov neeg tsis muaj hmoo tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem raug txiav hauv ib nrab … nrog lub saw ntoo.

Thiab rau samurai uas tsis hwm lawv daimyo, seppuku yog qee zaum tib txoj hauv kev los khaws cov khoom.

Tom qab tag nrho, yog hais tias lub bushi ripped qhib nws lub plab, nws cov hmoov zoo yuav dhau mus rau nws cov qub txeeg qub teg. Thiab yog tias nws raug sim thiab raug txim, cov cuab yeej yuav raug txeeb.

Thaum kawg, qhov excruciating hara-kiri tsis tau ua ntau zaus los ntawm txoj cai. Yog hais tias tus samurai nkag siab tias kev tuag yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb, nws tuaj yeem kov nws lub plab nrog tus kiv cua, faib nrog kev txom nyem, poob tawm entrails thiab ntshav. Thiab tus kaisyaku sai sai decapitated nws.

Thiab nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yog hais tias ib tug samurai daimyo tuag los yog ua phem rau hara-kiri nws tus kheej, lub bushi tsis tas yuav ua raws li nws tus yam ntxwv. Nws tuaj yeem mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj thiab nyob ntawd - qhov no tau suav tias yog qhov kev lees paub rau seppuku. Lossis koj tuaj yeem tso tseg cov cai me ntsis thiab pom koj tus kheej tus tswv tshiab.

10. Ronins yog cov neeg ncaj ncees thiab ncaj ncees

Hauv kev coj noj coj ua niaj hnub no, ronin, rov ua tub rog yam tsis muaj tus tswv, tsev, lossis kev ua neej nyob, tau muab tso rau hauv ib leeg xwb. Lawv tsis yig los tiv thaiv cov neeg zoo tib yam, muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw burrowing samurai thiab sim ua kom lawv lub koob meej thiab lub npe zoo nrog kev ua siab zoo thiab ua siab loj.

Qhov tseeb, ntau tus ronin tau los ua neeg laib, tub sab, rapists thiab thugs.

Samurai hauv Nyij Pooj tau siv txoj cai "tua thiab tawm", uas yog, hack kom tuag txhua tus neeg rau ib sab ntev. Los yog sim qhov ntse ntawm rab ntaj.

Tom qab poob daimyo, cov ronin tsis tso lawv cov kev coj ua samurai. Lawv tua, txeeb lwm tus lub cuab tam thiab koom nrog racketeering. Ntau tus ntawm lawv tau los ua cov thawj coj ntawm cov neeg laib yakuza. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, hauv kev muaj tiag, ronin tsis yog txhua tus neeg zoo li Zatoichi hauv Takeshi Kitano zaj duab xis.