9 qhov kev xav tsis zoo txog Vikings peb ntseeg hauv TV qhia thiab ua si

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Cov neeg lim hiam sab qaum teb yeej nyiam pleev xim thiab ci khaub ncaws, thiab Ivar tus Boneless tuaj yeem taug kev.

1. Vikings nyiam horned kaus mom hlau

Lub stereotypical tsos ntawm Viking, supposedly zoo li tus cwj pwm los ntawm Skyrim, tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog kev muaj tiag. Tsis muaj ib tug zoo fighter yuav hnav ib lub kaus mom hlau nrog zoo nkauj horns. Yog lawm, xws li headdresses muaj, tab sis lawv yog ceremonial armor hnav thaum lub sij hawm kev cai dab qhuas rites. Los yog siv raws li cov xwm txheej.

Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, lub kaus mom hlau uas muaj qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj yuav pab tau cov yeeb ncuab tua koj: yog tias riam phom ntes tau ntawm lub horn, nws yuav ua rau koj raug mob hnyav.

Cov kaus mom hlau tau ua kom du kom cov yeeb ncuab riam phom yuav swb rau ntawm lawv thaum ntaus: qhov no ua rau muaj feem muaj sia nyob. Yog li ntawd, ntawm cov kaus mom hlau Viking tiag tiag, piv txwv li, ntawm ib qho uas tau pom hauv xyoo 1943 ntawm Yarmundby ua liaj ua teb hauv Norway, tsis muaj horns. Ntawm cov duab medieval ntawm Scandinavians, lawv kuj tsis tuaj.

Feem ntau, cov lus dab neeg ntawm Vikings nyob rau hauv horned kaus mom hlau yog tshwm sim los ntawm costume designer thiab illustrator Karl Emil Dipler. Rau kev tsim khoom ntawm Wagner's opera Der Ring des Nibelungen hauv xyoo 1876, nws tau tsim cov khaub ncaws zoo nkauj tab sis tsis muaj tseeb, nrog rau cov kaus mom tis thiab horned.

2. Viking tus qauv riam phom yog ob-edged axes

Cov riam phom no nrov heev hauv cov duab tas luav thiab viking ua si. Thiab nws yeej muaj thiab hu ua labrys. Ib qho me me tab sis: Vikings tsis tau tsim cov khoom zoo li no, lawv tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg tua phom ntawm Cretan-Minoan kev vam meej ntawm Bronze Age.

Tom qab ntawd, cov Greeks tau txais qhov no los ntawm cov Minoans thiab ua nws tus cwj pwm ntawm Zeus. Yog lawm, Thor muaj rauj Mjolnir, Zeus muaj rab hneev. Thiab cov labrys yog, thaj, tsis yog riam phom, tab sis yog ib qho khoom ua koob tsheej.

Yog tias cov Vikings tau muab ib rab chais, lawv yuav pom tias nws tsis yooj yim heev thiab ua tsis tau zoo.

Cov Scandinavians siv brodexes - axes nrog ib tug crescent-shaped hniav thiab skeggox - hwj txwv-puab axes nrog ib tug protruding qis ib feem ntawm cov hniav.

Qhov no yog ib qho cuab yeej siv thiab yooj yim. Nws yooj yim dua rau wield dua ntaj, thiab yooj yim rau tu. Thaum kawg, Scandinavian axes nyob rau hauv kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb los yog kev sib tw ntev tau siv los ua ib qho cuab yeej: chopping ntoo, txiav ib lub rooj tsavxwm, hammering ib tug ntsia thawv rau hauv ib tug drakkar. Ib tug ob-edged ax yuav tsis ua li ntawd.

Thiab tsis yog, Viking axes tsis yog riam phom hnyav rau tus phab ej tiag tiag. Qhov nruab nrab, lawv hnyav los ntawm 800 g mus rau 1.5 kg. Feem ntau, cov riam phom nrov tshaj plaws ntawm Vikings tsis yog rab hneev, tab sis rab hmuv: nws yooj yim dua ua.

3. Vikings yog cov neeg zoo li no

Yog tias koj xav tias Viking yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm qee cov neeg sab qaum teb, koj hais tsis yog lawm. Viking tsis yog haiv neeg, tab sis yog hom kev ua si.

Hauv cov lus qub Norse muaj lo lus Víking, txhais tau hais tias ob qho tib si kev tawm tsam nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nyiag, thiab tsuas yog taug kev mus rau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb - piv txwv li, kev tshawb fawb lossis kev lag luam. Thiab Víkingr yog tus uas koom nrog hauv kev ntoj ke mus kawm.

Swedes, Norwegians thiab Danes ua Vikings. Lwm haiv neeg tau xaiv lawv nrog lo lus Latin Norman - "northerner". Hauv lub neej zoo tib yam, Viking tuaj yeem ua txhua yam: ua liaj ua teb, kws kos duab, ua liaj ua teb, tsa tsiaj txhu, tua tsiaj lossis ntses. Cov neeg zoo li no tau hu ua daim ntawv cog lus - dawb peasants nrog lawv tus kheej ua liaj ua teb.

Thaum ib tug Scandinavian tsis muaj kev noj qab haus huv txaus lossis xav taug txuj kev nyuaj thiab kev mus los lossis kev ua tub rog, nws tau ntsia nws tus kheej mus rau lwm yam kev sib raug zoo, thiab lawv tau mus rau kev sib tw mus nyiag cov neeg nyob ze, nrhiav thaj av zoo dua rau lawv tus kheej, lossis txawm tias tsuas yog kev lag luam. Thiab ces nws rov los tsev thiab nyob li qub.

4. Vikings yog cov muaj zog liab loj heev

Thaum koj xav txog Vikings, tej zaum koj yuav pom hauv koj lub taub hau muaj zog thiab siab liab-haired barbarians nrog luxurious mustaches. Los yog cov plaub hau zoo nkauj nrog cov qauv zoo li Travis Fimmel. Txawm li cas los xij, Vikings tiag tiag yuav ua rau koj poob siab me ntsis.

Raws li archaeological pom, lawv qhov siab nruab nrab yog 172 cm, thiab qhov siab ntawm lawv cov poj niam yog 158 cm, uas yog 6-10 cm hauv qab no qhov nruab nrab. Niaj hnub Scandinavians tau dhau los ua ntau dua li lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv. Thiab qhov no yog qhov ntuj tsim, vim tias lawv nyob hauv qhov hnyav hnyav, tsis noj zoo thiab muaj lub neej expectancy qis dua. Tsis yog cov xwm txheej raws li cov neeg ncaws pob thiab cov neeg ncaws pob tau yug los.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm cov neeg sab qaum teb ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Louise Kampe Henriksen, tus saib xyuas ntawm Viking Nkoj Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Roskilde, sau tseg tias arthrosis thiab kab mob hniav tau tshwm sim ntawm Scandinavians thaum lub sijhawm.

Cov tub rog Norman tsis txawv ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua phem thiab kev ua phem ntawm lawv lub ntsej muag. Ib tug archaeologist thiab anthropologist ntawm University of Copenhagen muaj qhov no hais tias:

Qhov tseeb, kev txiav txim siab poj niam txiv neej ntawm Viking Age skeleton yog qhov nyuaj. Lawv cov txiv neej pob txha taub hau me ntsis poj niam dua li cov tib neeg niaj hnub no, thiab lawv cov pob txha taub hau poj niam yog txiv neej ntau dua.

Liz Lock Harvig Fellow, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen

Nws hais ntxiv tias Viking cov poj niam muaj lub puab tsaig tseem ceeb thiab tsim lub ntsej muag, thaum cov txiv neej muaj ntau yam poj niam. Thiab tseem, raws li cov lus tim khawv ntawm cov neeg Arab uas tau mus xyuas lub nroog Hedeby nyob ib ncig ntawm 1000 AD. BC, cov neeg sab qaum teb - ob leeg poj niam thiab txiv neej - hnav pleev kom zoo nkauj dua.

Raws li rau cov plaub hau liab, lawv tsis tshua muaj nyob rau sab qaum teb, tab sis kuj muaj cov blondes txaus, thiab brunettes, thiab cov plaub hau ncaj ncees Vikings.

Thiab lawv tsis hnav qhov txaus ntshai, zoo ib yam grey thiab dub ib pab tub rog zoo li Game of Thrones ntxiv. Cov neeg sab qaum teb nyiam cov khoom ci thiab muaj yeeb yuj, lawv nyiam silks thiab furs. Cov xim nrov tshaj plaws yog liab thiab xiav.

5. Vikings yog neeg qia dub

Tsis yog, Scandinavians tsis muaj dab tsi tiv thaiv kev nyiam huv. Unwashed savages, lawv tau pom meej christened los ntawm British, uas tsis nyiam cov neeg sab qaum teb invaders rau cov laj thawj pom tseeb. Qhov tseeb, Vikings da dej tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv ib lub lis piam, hnub Saturday, uas zoo heev rau lub sijhawm ntawd.

Hnub Saturday hauv Old Norse hu ua Laugardagur - ntxuav hnub. Thiab, raws li archaeological pom qhia, Vikings muaj tweezers, hwj txwv combs, cuab yeej ntxuav tes thiab pob ntseg, thiab toothpicks. Tus kws sau keeb kwm John ntawm Wallingford tau sau nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm 1220 tias lawv tau ntxuav, hloov lawv cov khaub ncaws thiab combed lawv cov plaub hau, thiab yog li ntawd muaj kev vam meej nrog cov poj niam Askiv.

John disapprovingly hu ua kev huv si "ib tug frivolous whim." Dab tsi yog cov pagans tsis xav txog?

Cov Vikings kuj tau tsim thiab bleached lawv cov plaub hau thiab siv eyeliner. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv lub xeem lub caij ntawm "Vikings" Ragnar Lothbrok ua si ib tug shaved taub hau. Thiab lwm cov cim nyiam hnav cov plaub hau zoo nkauj, shaving lawv lub taub hau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws barbershops hauv Scandinavia.

Tab sis qhov tseeb, Vikings txiav lawv lub taub hau tawm ntawm cov neeg ua phem thiab cov qhev, thiab lawv tus kheej taug kev, nrog cov plaub hau ntev.

6. Lawv haus cawv txiv hmab ntawm lawv cov yeeb ncuab pob txha taub hau

Nws suab nrov heev, tab sis qhov no kuj yog lus dab neeg - rau feem ntau.

Feem ntau, muaj ntau yam piv txwv hauv keeb kwm thaum ntau lub nkoj tau tsim los ntawm tib neeg pob txha taub hau. Cov Scythians, Mongols, Suav, Europeans, Slavs thiab Japanese dabbled nyob rau hauv no. Feem ntau yuav, qee tus Vikings kuj tuaj yeem ua goblets los ntawm pob txha taub hau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis zoo li tias kev tsim cov tais diav los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab swb yog qhov tshwm sim loj.

Cov lus dab neeg no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Ole Worm, tus kws kho mob Danish thiab tus kws tshaj lij, hauv nws phau ntawv Runer seu Danica literatura antiquissima, luam tawm xyoo 1651, tsis raug txhais ib feem ntawm Krákumál zaj paj huam, Lay of Krak.

Nyob rau hauv ancient Scandinavian nws hais tias drekkum bjór af bragði ór bjúgviðum hausa - "haus npias es los ntawm cov ceg nkhaus ntawm pob txha taub hau." "Cov ceg nkhaus ntawm pob txha taub hau" yog kenning, piv txwv rau "horn." Worm tau txhais cov nqe lus hauv qab no: "Cov phab ej vam tias yuav haus dej hauv Odin los ntawm cov pob txha taub hau ntawm cov neeg uas lawv tau tua."Nws tsuas yog tias tsis muaj Google Txhais lus rov qab los.

Yeej, Scandinavians ua tais diav los ntawm cov tsiaj horns, nrog rau cov ntoo thiab hlau.

7. Cov poj niam hauv Viking zej zog nyiam kev sib luag

Feem ntau hauv Is Taws Nem koj tuaj yeem pom cov lus hais tias Viking cov poj niam muaj txoj cai tib yam li cov txiv neej thiab txawm tias tau tawm tsam sib npaug nrog lawv ntawm kev sib tw. Cov kev cai tsis txaus ntseeg rau lub 8th-11th centuries, thaum poj niam ntawm lwm haiv neeg raug tsim txom nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev. Cov Severians muaj hmoo, puas yog lawv? Tab sis nws tsis yog li ntawd.

Series zoo li Vikings exaggerate lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov poj niam nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua me ntsis. Piv txwv li, tus kws tshawb fawb Judith Yesh los ntawm University of Nottingham tau sib cav tias cov poj niam siab tawv tua tau pom tsuas yog hauv cov dab neeg ntawm Normans thiab tsis muaj pov thawj tias lawv muaj nyob hauv qhov tseeb. Lwm cov kws tshawb fawb kwv yees tias cov poj niam tub rog tau muaj nyob, tab sis qhov no tsis tshwm sim.

Cov poj niam zoo li no tau hu ua Skjaldmær - "maiden of the shield".

Thiab txawm hais tias cov poj niam sab qaum teb nyiam kev ywj pheej ntau dua li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm haiv neeg, tsis muaj kev sib npaug hauv Viking zej zog.

Piv txwv li, txoj cai lij choj hauv tebchaws Icelandic, Grágás, txwv tsis pub cov poj niam hnav khaub ncaws txiv neej, txiav plaub hau, lossis siv riam phom. Lawv tsis raug tso cai koom nrog feem ntau ntawm kev nom kev tswv lossis tsoomfwv cov xwm txheej. Tsuas yog cov txiv neej tau nkag mus rau Ting, kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov neeg sab qaum teb dawb. Ib tug poj niam kuj tsis tuaj yeem ua tus txiav txim thiab ua pov thawj hauv tsev hais plaub.

Tab sis cov neeg sab qaum teb tuaj yeem muaj cov cuab yeej cuab tam, tshem tawm thaj av uas tau txais los ntawm nws tus txiv lossis qub txeeg qub teg, thiab thov kev sib nrauj yog tias cov txij nkawm ua phem rau lawv. Tsis zoo rau cov Nrab Hnub nyoog. Feem ntau, cov Vikings hwm lawv cov poj niam, vim lawv saib xyuas lub tsev thiab sau qoob loo thaum tus txiv tawm ntawm kev mus ncig.

8. Nyiam tsim txom ntawm Vikings - "dag dav dawb hau"

Feem ntau, qhov kev tsim txom phem no, thaum lub nraub qaum ntawm tus neeg muaj sia raug txiav thiab lub ntsws raug tshem tawm, tau tsim los ntawm Christian chroniclers, uas tau nrhiav los nthuav qhia cov neeg sab qaum teb raws li kev phem phem ntawm ntuj txiag teb tsaus.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau nyiam ntseeg tias Vikings yuav tsis tau xav txog qhov kev phais mob zoo li no.

Tab sis nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev los txiav tawm lub ntsws kom tau nyiaj: tus neeg raug tsim txom yuav sai sai tuag los ntawm qhov mob hnyav thiab pneumothorax thiab yuav tsis muaj sijhawm los raug kev txom nyem.

Nws yog tau hais tias cov ntshav fantasies ntawm ripped tav thiab ntsws sticking tawm ntawm lub nraub qaum yog yug los ntawm ib tug mistranslation ntawm lub Ragnarssona þáttr dabneeg, "Lub Strand ntawm cov tub ntawm Ragnar." Hauv nws, Ivar lub Boneless yuav ua pauj rau King Ella II rau nws txiv. Vaguely txhais cov lus hais txog eagles thiab ib tug torn rov qab yuav txhais tau hais tias Ivar tsuas yog pov Ella lub cev tuag mus rau ib tug profit rau cov noog ntawm prey, thiab lawv noj nws.

9. Ivar lub cev tsis muaj zog

Hauv TV series "Vikings" Ivar tau muab lub npe menyuam yaus vim nws tsis tuaj yeem taug kev vim osteogenesis imperfecta. Tab sis nws nyob deb ntawm qhov tseeb tias Ivar tiag tiag tsis muaj kev pab li. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nyob rau hauv cov dabneeg nws raug hu ua ib tug neeg siab phem thiab ua tub rog, siab, zoo nraug thiab ntse tshaj ntawm Ragnar cov menyuam yaus.

Tus kws sau keeb kwm Saxon Grammaticus tsis hais dab tsi txog Ivar qhov tsis muaj pob txha, txawm hais tias qhov no zoo li yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws qhov tsos. Yog li ntawd, qhov tseeb keeb kwm ntawm lub npe menyuam yaus tsis paub. Tej zaum tus thawj coj tsis muaj pob txha ntawm Vikings tau lub npe menyuam yaus vim muaj teeb meem nrog lub zog.

Ivar tus Boneless tau ua vajntxwv hauv tebchaws Askiv tau ntev. Nws tsis muaj menyuam, vim nws nyob nrog cov poj niam uas tsis muaj peev xwm ntshaw, tab sis tsis txhob cia tus txiv neej hais tias nws tsis muaj kev txawj ntse thiab kev ua phem.

Ragnarssona kev

Tsis tas li ntawd, Ivar tuaj yeem raug hu ua ib qho zoo sib xws rau nws qhov yooj yim thiab kev txav mus los hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Zoo, lossis nws lub npe menyuam yaus tsuas yog sau tsis raug hauv Latin, thiab qhov tseeb nws yuav tsum tau hu ua Ivar lub Hateful.