71 Linux cov lus txib rau txhua lub sijhawm. Yuav luag

Cov txheej txheem:

Linux commands rau navigating lub davhlau ya nyob twg
Linux commands kom tau txais superuser txoj cai
Linux cov lus txib rau kev tswj hwm pob
Linux commands rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem
Linux commands rau kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv
Linux commands rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog partitions
Linux commands rau kev tswj hwm qhov system
Linux commands rau kev tswj cov neeg siv
Linux commands rau kev tswj network
Thiab lwm yam

71 Linux cov lus txib rau txhua lub sijhawm. Yuav luag

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-19 14:14

Koj tuaj yeem ua txhua yam hauv Linux davhlau ya nyob twg: teeb tsa lub kaw lus, nruab thiab tshem tawm cov ntawv thov, tswj cov disks thiab cov ntaub ntawv, thiab txawm tham nrog nyuj.

Linux commands rau navigating lub davhlau ya nyob twg

&&
… Hais nruj me ntsis, qhov no tsis yog lus txib. Yog tias koj xav ua ntau cov lus txib ib zaug, muab ob npaug rau ampersand ntawm lawv zoo li no:
first_command && second_command
… Lub davhlau ya nyob twg yuav ua raws li cov lus txib. Koj tuaj yeem sau ntau cov lus txib raws li koj nyiam.
npe
… Muab cov npe koj tsim rau cov lus txib ntev uas koj tsis nco qab. Nkag mus
alias command-long short-command
.
cd
… Hloov cov ntaub ntawv davhlau ya nyob twg tam sim no. Thaum koj pib lub davhlau ya nyob twg, nws siv koj lub tsev nplaub tshev. Nkag mus
cd folder_address
, thiab lub davhlau ya nyob twg yuav ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob ntawd.
meej
… Clears tag nrho cov lus los ntawm lub qhov rais terminal.
keeb kwm
… Qhia tag nrho cov lus txib uas koj nyuam qhuav nkag. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem hloov ntawm cov lus txib tsis ntev los no uas siv cov yuam sij nce thiab nqis. Yog tias koj tsis xav kom cov lus txib koj nkag mus sau cia, muab qhov chaw ua ntej nws zoo li no:
koj pab neeg
.
txiv neej
… Qhia cov lus qhia rau Linux cov kev pab cuam thiab cov lus txib. Nkag mus
txiv neej package_name
los yog
txiv neej koj_command
.
dab tsi
… Tso cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm ib qho kev pab cuam. Sau cov lus txib thiab lub npe ntawm qhov program
package_name yog dab tsi
.

Linux commands kom tau txais superuser txoj cai

Txhawm rau ua ntau yam haujlwm ntawm lub kaw lus, piv txwv li, ntxiv thiab tshem tawm cov kev pab cuam, koj xav tau cov cai tswj hwm, lossis tus superuser hauv paus, raws li nws hu ua Linux.

sudo
… Cov lus txib no yuav ua rau koj muaj cai superuser. Nkag mus
sudo
ua ntej cov lus txib koj xav tau (piv txwv li.
sudo apt hloov tshiab
) khiav nws li tus thawj tswj hwm. Lub kaw lus yuav nug koj txog tus password.
sudo ua
… Tom qab cov lus txib no, tag nrho cov lus txib uas koj nkag mus yuav raug tua sawv cev ntawm tus superuser kom txog thaum koj kaw lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Siv nws yog tias koj xav tau khiav ntau cov lus txib nrog cov cai tswj hwm.
sudo kev
… Hais kom khiav ib daim ntawv thov GUI ua tus thawj coj. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav txav los yog hloov cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus, nkag mus
sudo gksudo nautilus
(xws li tus neeg saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv koj siv).
sudo ua!!
… Cov lus txib no yuav khiav cov lus txib uas tau nkag mus rau yav dhau los nrog cov cai tswj hwm. Pab tau yog tias koj ntaus ntawv tsis muaj
sudo
.

Tsis txhob ua cov lus txib sawv cev ntawm tus superuser uas koj tsis nkag siab.

Linux cov lus txib rau kev tswj hwm pob

Txhim kho thiab tshem tawm cov ntawv thov ntawm Linux yog ua los ntawm cov thawj tswj pob. Ubuntu thiab Debian hu rau tus thawj tswj pob apt, Fedora hu dnf, Arch thiab Manjaro hu pacman. Lawv rub tawm daim ntawv thov los ntawm online repositories, pob qhov chaw. Cov lus txib yuav tsum muab rau lawv nrog superuser txoj cai.

apt (Debian / Ubuntu / Mint)

sudo apt nruab package_name
… Nruab lub pob yuav tsum tau.
sudo apt-mus ntxiv-repository repository_address
… Ntxiv ib tus neeg thib peb repository.
sudo apt hloov tshiab
… Hloov cov ntaub ntawv pob.
sudo apt hloov tshiab
… Hloov kho tag nrho cov pob mus rau qhov tsis ntev los no (khiav tom qab
apt hloov tshiab
).
sudo apt tshem tawm package_name
… Tshem cov pob uas tsis tsim nyog.
sudo apt tshem tawm pob_name
… Tshem tawm ib lub pob uas tsis tsim nyog nrog txhua qhov kev vam khom yog tias koj xav tso ntau qhov chaw.
sudo apt-tau tshem tawm
… Tshem tawm tag nrho cov kev vam khom tsis tsim nyog, pob khoom menyuam ntsuag thiab lwm yam khoom tsis zoo.

dnf (Red Hat / Fedora / CentOS)

sudo dnf nruab package_name
… Nruab lub pob yuav tsum tau.
sudo dnf config-manager --add-repo repository_address
… Ntxiv ib tus neeg thib peb repository.
sudo dnf hloov tshiab
… Hloov txhua pob khoom mus rau qhov tshiab tshaj plaws.
sudo dnf tshem tawm package_name
… Tshem cov pob uas tsis tsim nyog.
sudo dnf autoremove
… Tshem tawm tag nrho cov kev vam khom tsis tsim nyog.

Pacman (Arch / Manjaro)

sudo pacman -S package_name
… Nruab lub pob yuav tsum tau.
sudo yaourt -S package_name
… Nruab ib pob los ntawm AUR yog tias nws tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw cia khoom loj.
sudo pacman -Sy
… Hloov cov ntaub ntawv pob.
sudo pacman -Syu
… Hloov txhua pob khoom mus rau qhov tshiab tshaj plaws.
sudo pacman -R pob_name
… Tshem cov pob uas tsis tsim nyog.
sudo pacman -Rs package_name
… Tshem cov pob tsis tsim nyog nrog txhua qhov kev vam khom.

Koj tuaj yeem nruab thiab tshem tawm ntau lub pob ib zaug los ntawm kev sau lawv cais los ntawm qhov chaw.


sudo apt nruab firefox clementine vlc

Yog tias koj xav nruab ib pob tab sis tsis paub nws lub npe tiag, sau thawj ob peb tsab ntawv ntawm lub npe pob thiab nias Tab ob zaug. Tus thawj tswj pob yuav qhia tag nrho cov pob uas pib nrog tib lub npe.

Linux commands rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem

tua
… Cov lus txib no yog siv los yuam kom txiav cov txheej txheem. Koj yuav tsum nkag mus
tua process_PID
… PID ntawm cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev nkag mus
saum
.
xkill
… Lwm cov lus txib kom xaus cov txheej txheem. Nkag mus rau nws, ces nyem rau ntawm lub qhov rais koj xav kaw.
killall
… Tua cov txheej txheem nrog lub npe tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li,
tua firefox
.
saum
… Qhia cov npe ntawm cov txheej txheem khiav, txheeb raws li CPU noj. Ib hom davhlau ya nyob twg "System Monitor".

Linux commands rau kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv

Saib thiab kho cov ntaub ntawv

miv
… Thaum cov lus txib siv nrog ib cov ntawv nyeem (zoo li no:
cat path_to_file
), nws qhia nws cov ntsiab lus hauv lub qhov rais davhlau ya nyob twg. Yog tias koj qhia ob lossis ntau cov ntaub ntawv,
miv path_to_file_1 path_to_file_2
nws yuav nplaum lawv. Yog peb qhia
cat path_to_file_1> new_file
, nws yuav muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab.
chmod
… Tso cai rau koj hloov cov ntaub ntawv tso cai. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab tau yog tias koj xav hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus.
chaw
… Hloov tus tswv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Yuav tsum tau khiav nrog superuser txoj cai.
ntaub ntawv
… Qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg.
nano
… Qhib cov ntawv nyeem yooj yim. Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv nyeem tshiab lossis qhib ib qho uas twb muaj lawm:
nano path_to_file
.
hloov npe
… Renames ib cov ntaub ntawv los yog ntau cov ntaub ntawv. Cov lus txib kuj tseem siv tau rau kev hloov npe loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm daim npog ntsej muag.
kov
… Hloov hnub thaum cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg tau qhib kawg lossis hloov kho.
wget
… Downloads cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm internet mus rau ib lub davhlau ya nyob twg folder.
zip
… Unpacks thiab compresses archives.

Tsim thiab tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab folders

mkdir ua
… Tsim ib daim nplaub tshev tshiab hauv daim nplaub tshev tam sim no lossis hauv cov ntawv teev tseg:
mkdir folder_path
.
rmdir ua
… Tshem tawm cov ntawv teev tseg.
ua rm
… deletes cov ntaub ntawv. Nws tuaj yeem rho tawm ob qho tib si cov ntaub ntawv sib cais thiab ib pab pawg sib raug rau qee yam ntxwv.

Luam thiab txav cov ntaub ntawv

cp ua
… Tsim ib daim qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teev nyob rau hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg folder:
cp path_to_file
… Lossis koj tuaj yeem qhia qhov chaw
cp path_to_file path_to_copy
.
mv
… Hloov cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ib lub nplaub tshev mus rau lwm qhov. Koj tuaj yeem qhia lub npe rau cov ntaub ntawv hloov chaw. Funnily txaus, ntawm Linux, cov lus txib no tuaj yeem siv los hloov npe cov ntaub ntawv thiab. Tsuas yog qhia tib lub nplaub tshev uas cov ntaub ntawv nyob thiab lwm lub npe.

Nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv

nrhiav
… Tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb xws li lub npe, hom, qhov loj me, tus tswv, tsim thiab hloov kho hnub tim.
grep ua
… Tshawb nrhiav cov ntawv nyeem uas muaj cov hlua tshwj xeeb. Cov txheej txheem yog hloov tau yooj yim.
nrhiav
… Tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov folders uas nws lub npe phim cov lus nug thiab qhia lawv txoj hauv kev hauv cov ntaub ntawv.

Linux commands rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog partitions

lsblk ua
… Cov lus txib no qhia tau tias cov disks twg nyob hauv koj lub cev thiab cov partitions lawv muab faib ua dab tsi. Cov lus txib tseem qhia cov npe ntawm koj cov partitions thiab drives, hauv hom sda1, sda2, thiab lwm yam.
Mount
… Mounts Linux drives, pab kiag li lawm los yog cov ntaub ntawv systems rau koj ua hauj lwm nrog. Feem ntau cov khoom siv txuas nrog tau sai li sai tau thaum koj nyem rau ntawm lawv hauv tus thawj tswj cov ntaub ntawv. Tab sis qee zaum koj yuav xav tau mount ib yam dab tsi manually. Koj tuaj yeem mount txhua yam: disks, sab nraud drives, partitions, thiab txawm ISO duab. Cov lus txib no yuav tsum tau ua nrog superuser txoj cai. Mus mount ib tug uas twb muaj lawm disk los yog muab faib, ntaus ntawv
npe sdx
.
nce
… Dumps filesystems. Hais kom ua
ua sdx
yuav unmount cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus ntawm cov xov xwm sab nraud yog li koj tuaj yeem eject nws.
dd
… Cov lus txib no luam thiab hloov cov ntaub ntawv thiab ntu. Nws muaj ntau yam kev siv. Piv txwv li,
dd if = / dev / sda ntawm = / dev / sdb
yuav ua ib daim ntawv qhia tseeb ntawm sda muab faib rau ntawm sdb muab faib.
dd yog = / dev / zero ntawm = / dev / sdX
yuav overwrite cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg nrog xoom kom cov ntaub ntawv rov qab tsis tau. A
dd if = ~ / Downloads / ubuntu.iso ntawm = / dev / sdX bs = 4M
yuav ua bootable media los ntawm cov duab faib koj downloaded.

Linux commands rau kev tswj hwm qhov system

df ua
… Qhia qhov luaj li cas ntawm koj disk thiab ntau npaum li cas qhov chaw dawb nyob rau ntawm nws.
dawb
… Qhia txog qhov muaj thiab siv RAM.
tsis muaj npe
… Qhia cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus. Yog tias koj nkag mus
tsis muaj npe
lub davhlau ya nyob twg yuav tsuas qhia Linux. Tab sis pab neeg
ib -a
qhia cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub computer lub npe thiab ntsiav version.
sijhawm ua haujlwm
… Qhia ntev npaum li cas koj lub kaw lus tau ua haujlwm.
nyob qhov twg
… Qhia qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv executable rau qhov kev pab cuam uas xav tau.
qha
… Hu rau tus neeg siv lub npe.

Linux commands rau kev tswj cov neeg siv

siv
… Sau npe tus neeg siv tshiab. Nkag mus
useradd tus neeg siv lub npe
thiab tus neeg siv yuav raug tsim.
userdel
… Tshem tawm cov neeg siv nyiaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv.
usermod
… Hloov tus neeg siv tus account. Yuav txav tau tus neeg siv lub tsev nplaub tshev los yog teem hnub thaum tus account yuav raug kaw.
passwd ua
… Hloov tus account passwords. Ib tus neeg siv tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem hloov tus password ntawm nws tus kheej tus account nkaus xwb, tus superuser tuaj yeem hloov tus password ntawm txhua tus account.

Linux commands rau kev tswj network

ib ip
… Multifunctional pab neeg ua haujlwm nrog lub network. Hais kom ua
ip chaw nyob show
qhia cov ntaub ntawv hais txog chaw nyob network,
ip kev
tswj routing thiab lwm yam. Muab cov lus txib
ip txuas teeb tsa ethX
,
ip link teem ethX down
koj tuaj yeem tig kev sib txuas rau thiab tawm. Pab neeg
ib ip
siv ntau, yog li ua ntej siv nws yog qhov zoo dua los nyeem phau ntawv los yog nkag
ip --pab
ping
… Qhia seb koj puas txuas nrog lub network thiab pab txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm kev sib txuas.

Thiab lwm yam

Thaum kawg, muaj cov lus txib tseem ceeb Linux. Lawv tso ib tug nyuj uas tuaj yeem tham nrog koj (tsis txhob nug dab tsi cov neeg tsim khoom siv).

nyuj dab tsi
… Tus nyuj yuav hais li koj hais.
hmoov zoo | nyuj
… Tus nyuj yuav muab ib tug ntse (los yog tsis yog li ntawd) xav los yog quote.
caw -l
… Sau tag nrho cov tsiaj uas tuaj yeem pom hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Yog koj mam li tsis nyiam nyuj.
hmoov zoo | nyuj -f animal_from_list
… Tus tsiaj ntawm koj xaiv pib da dej nrog quotes, qee zaum tsim nyog.
sudo apt-mus nruab fortunes hmoov zoo-mod fortunes-min fortunes-ru
… Ua kom tag nrho lub vaj tsiaj hais lus Lavxias. Yog tsis muaj qhov no, cov tsiaj yog quoting Twain thiab Wilde nyob rau hauv thawj.

Cov no tsis yog tag nrho Linux cov lus txib. Yog tias koj xav paub ntau ntxiv txog cov kev xaiv thiab yuav siv Linux cov lus txib li cas, koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus qhia ua ke. Hu rau


txiv neej koj_command

los yog


koj_command --help

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