Puas tsim nyog kuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob coronavirus

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Nws zoo nkaus li tias kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv hauv txoj kev no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig kiag li.

Dab tsi yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tus mob coronavirus

Antibody (Serology) Testing for COVID-19: Cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg mob thiab cov neeg siv khoom / FDA (lossis immunoglobulins) yog cov protein tshwj xeeb uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsim tawm los tua cov kab mob, kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev.

Rau txhua tus kab mob sib kis, lub cev tsim nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Immunoglobulins, tsim los tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas, tsis tuaj yeem tua adenovirus lossis, hais, kab mob siab.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv SARS-CoV-2, peb lub cev kuj tsim cov tshuaj immunoglobulins tshwj xeeb. Lawv hu ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob coronavirus.

Dab tsi yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tus mob coronavirus

Feem ntau, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau muab faib ua tsib hom Antibody Structure, Function, Classes thiab Formats / SinoBiological. Lawv tuaj yeem tau piav qhia ntau yam raws li hauv qab no.

• IgA, los yog immunoglobulins A … Qhov no yog lub cev thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Lawv hnov mob rau antigens Qhov no yog lub npe rau cov khoom uas lub cev xav tias txawv teb chaws, xws li kab mob, kab mob, fungi lossis lawv qhov chaw. thiab khi lawv kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev. IgA feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv cov mucous daim nyias nyias.
• IgE (immunoglobulins E) … Nws ntseeg tau tias lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm cov kab mob cab.
• IgD (immunoglobulins D) … Science tseem tsis tau paub meej txog lawv lub hom phiaj. Tab sis nws paub tias lawv muaj nyob rau saum npoo ntawm B-hlwb - lymphocytes, uas, yog tias tsim nyog, muaj peev xwm tsim tau txhua hom tshuaj tiv thaiv. IgD tab tom pib txheej txheem no.
• IgM (immunoglobulins M) … Kev tiv thaiv kab mob, ntsib tus kab mob lossis kab mob uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov pib tsim IgM. Cov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas nyuaj tshaj plaws, ib hom tshwj xeeb rog uas ua phem rau cov kab mob.
• IgG (immunoglobulins G) … Yog tias IgM yog spetsnaz, ces IgG yog Tus Muaj COVID patrol? Tej zaum koj yuav ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub neej / Xwm. Antibodies ntawm hom no muab kev tiv thaiv mus ntev. Lawv tuaj yeem nyob hauv cov ntshav rau lub hlis, xyoo, thiab txawm tias kaum xyoo tom qab muaj mob. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias lub cev dheev ntsib ib tug kab mob dua, noj thawj lub tshuab thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm pib lub accelerates zus tau tej cov IgM.

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm li cas hauv COVID-19 tseem tsis tau meej meej. Tab sis nws twb paub lawm tias IgM thiab IgG ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv nws. Nws ntseeg tias:

• IgM yog cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob hnyav los ntawm Hongyan Hou, Ting Wang, Bo Zhang, Ying Luo, Lie Mao, Feng Wang, Shiji Wu, thiab Ziyong Sun. Kev kuaj pom ntawm IgM thiab IgG cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj tus kabmob coronavirus 2019 / Clinical & Translational Immunology. Yog lawv muaj, ces tus neeg ntawd mob COVID-19 tam sim no. Feem ntau, hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no nce siab txog ob lub lis piam tom qab kis kab mob. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws poob sai sai rau yuav luag xoom, thaum tus neeg thaum kawg rov zoo.
• IgG tham txog qhov tsim kev tiv thaiv mus ntev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm hom no tshwm sim yuav luag ib ntus Cov Lus Qhia rau COVID-19 Antibody Test / CDC nrog IgM, txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis lwj tom qab ob peb lub lis piam, tab sis tseem nyob ntev li ob peb lub hlis tom qab kis kab mob.

Nws yog cov proteins uas kws kho mob nrhiav thaum lawv sim tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kabmob coronavirus.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob coronavirus yog dab tsi thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig txhais li cas

Cov ntshav coj mus kuaj. Nyob ntawm seb cov ntshav tau coj los ntawm qhov twg thiab nws raug kuaj li cas, cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau muab faib ua ntau hom.

Qualitative thiab quantitative

• Qhov zoo … Cov kev sim no txiav txim siab seb puas muaj tus kabmob coronavirus immunoglobulins hauv cov ntshav hauv txoj cai. Tsuas muaj ob qhov txiaj ntsig tau: cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau kuaj pom (uas yog, lub cev twb tau ntsib tus kab mob lawm) - thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau kuaj pom (feem ntau, koj tseem tsis tau muaj mob. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog qhov tseeb - cov ntsiab lus yog me ntsis. qis).
• Muaj nuj nqis … Qhov no yog ib qho kev soj ntsuam ntau dua. Nws tso cai rau koj kom paub seb muaj pes tsawg IgM thiab IgG cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj nyob hauv ib chav ntim ntawm cov ntshav ntshav. Raws li qhov no, nws tuaj yeem xav tias tus neeg twg muaj COVID-19, nyob rau theem twg tus kab mob yog thiab, ib feem, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo li cas rau tus kabmob coronavirus. Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab lus kawg yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg: kev tshawb fawb tseem tsis tuaj yeem lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm COVID-19: serology, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv kab mob / WHO, txawm tias qib siab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhia tau tias muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib npaug.

ELISA thiab kev xeem ceev

Yog tias tus kws pab kuaj ntshav ntshav los ntawm cov hlab ntsha, nws txhais tau tias koj tab tom kuaj ELISA Coronavirus: puas muaj lossis tsis? / Moscow Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv. Kev soj ntsuam enzyme-linked immunosorbent (qhov no yog li cas cov ntawv luv ELISA sawv cev rau) muaj qhov raug siab thiab feem ntau muaj ntau: nws pab tsim kom muaj ntau npaum li cas IgM thiab IgG muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav.

Txhua chav kuaj muaj nws tus kheej siv qhov tseem ceeb rau qib tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob - lawv yuav tsum tau qhia rau hauv daim ntawv tshuaj ntsuam. Tab sis yog tias koj ua qhov kev xeem ELISA los ntawm lub xeev polyclinic, cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Moscow Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv tau hais qhia cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:

• IgM <1, IgG <10 … Koj tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob coronavirus.
• IgM - los ntawm 1 txog 2, IgG <10. Cov lus nug tshwm sim. Koj tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob mus ntev rau tus mob coronavirus, tab sis qib siab me ntsis ntawm immunoglobulin M qhia tias tus kab mob tuaj yeem sib kis hauv koj lub cev tam sim no. Qhov ntawd yog, tej zaum koj yuav mob nrog COVID-19, tab sis nqa nws asymptomatically. Cov kws kho mob pom zoo nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no kom txwv kev sib cuag nrog tib neeg rau ib lub lim tiam, thiab tom qab ntawd rov kuaj dua.
• IgM> 2, IgG <10. Koj muaj COVID-19. Txawm tias koj tsis hnov. Koj yuav tsum cais koj tus kheej kom tsis txhob kis rau lwm tus.
• IgM> 2, IgG> 10. Lwm questionable tshwm sim. Hauv kev nkag siab tias qib siab ntawm IgG cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntev ntev txhais tau hais tias koj twb tau mob lawm thiab, feem ntau yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, qib siab IgM qhia tau tias tus kab mob no tseem nyob hauv koj lub cev thiab koj muaj peev xwm kis tau rau lwm tus. Tiv thaiv lawv: txwv kev sib cuag thiab tswj kev sib raug zoo li 7 hnub. Tom qab ntawd ua ELISA dua.
• IgM 10. Koj tau mob thiab tau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus ntev rau tus kabmob coronavirus. Yuav muaj, koj tsis kis tau lawm. Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tsis txhob tso tseg txoj cai kev nyab xeeb: kom nyob deb ntawm kev sib raug zoo, ntxuav koj txhais tes tsis tu ncua thiab hnav daim npog qhov ncauj rau pej xeem.

Yog tias kev tshuaj xyuas nws txaus los noj cov ntshav los ntawm tus ntiv tes (capillary), qhov no yog qhov kev sim qhia txog hom kev tshawb fawb txog tus kab mob tshiab coronavirus COVID-19 / Rospotrebnadzor. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua li ELISA thiab sai dua: nws cov txiaj ntsig yuav npaj tau hauv 15-20 feeb. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas sai yog qhov qis dua hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov ntshav venous. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau nthuav qhia kev tshuaj xyuas yog qhov zoo, uas yog, lawv tsis muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj immunoglobulins G thiab M.

Kev sim rau IgG mus rau qhov sib npaug S-protein thiab lwm cov proteins ntawm tus kabmob coronavirus

Hauv kev kuaj sim, IgG tseem tuaj yeem txiav txim siab rau ntau yam proteins (antigens) ntawm tus kabmob coronavirus. Qhov no tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob COVID-19.

SARS - CoV - 2 muaj ntau cov proteins, tab sis tsuas yog ob ntawm lawv muaj txiaj ntsig kev kuaj mob - cov uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam feem ntau Cov Lus Qhia Ib ntus rau COVID-19 Antibody Test / CDC lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

• S yog ib qho protein ntau uas pab tus kab mob txuas nws tus kheej mus rau cov hlwb ntawm lub cev. Spike S-proteins ua rau "spikes" ntawm tus kabmob coronavirus. Feem ntau ntawm thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, suav nrog Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca thiab Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Hauv Tsev / InterFax Sputnik V thiab EpiVacCorona, qhia lub cev los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov protein tshwj xeeb no.
• N - nucleocapsid protein. Nws tiv thaiv RNA ntawm tus kab mob thiab koom nrog kev tsim cov kab mob tshiab.

Muaj ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv. Spike protein S muaj ob lub ntsiab lus - S1 thiab S2. Nyob rau hauv lem, S1 muaj cov thiaj li hu ua RBD-domain (receptor-binding domain) - ib tug qauv vim hais tias tus mob coronavirus khi rau cov receptors ntawm lub hlwb ntawm tib neeg lub cev thiab muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv lawv.

Raws li qhov no, lub chaw kuaj mob tuaj yeem muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau koj.

Spike (S) Protein IgG Test

Yog tias pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no, qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub cev tau kawm los tua tus txha caj qaum ntawm tus kabmob coronavirus kom nws tsis tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub cell. Ntawd yog, nws tau tsim kev tiv thaiv rau nws tom qab muaj mob yav dhau los lossis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias IgGs tsis tau tsim tawm tam sim ntawd, yog li nws raug nquahu kom ua qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no tsis pub dhau ob mus rau peb lub lis piam tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis pom cov tsos mob thawj zaug ntawm COVID-19. Yog hais tias qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov protein ntau tau ua tiav ua ntej, nws yuav dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo.

Kev ntsuas IgG rau RBD - thaj tsam ntawm cov protein ntau

Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam yav dhau los. Nws cov txiaj ntsig txhais tau zoo ib yam: yog tias kuaj pom IgG, tom qab ntawd koj tau txhim kho kev tiv thaiv tom qab muaj mob lossis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Nucleocapsid (N) Protein IgG Test

Tab sis qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no muaj qhov peculiarity. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau N-protein tshwm sim tsuas yog tom qab ib tus neeg tau kis COVID-19 lawm. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, yuav tsis muaj IgG zoo li no.

Qhov ntawd yog, yog tias koj tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab mus kuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob coronavirus thiab xaiv qhov kev sim tshwj xeeb no, nws yuav tsis pom dab tsi.

Yog tias koj xav tshuaj xyuas seb puas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, xaj kom kuaj rau S - protein, tsis yog N.

Puas tsim nyog kuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob coronavirus

Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog qhov xwm txheej tsis muaj nuj nqis. Rau koj raws li ib tug neeg tshwj xeeb. Rau ob peb yam.

1. Kev kuaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsis qhia koj raws nraim yog tias koj kis mob

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ceeb toom Antibody (Serology) Testing rau COVID-19: Cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg mob thiab cov neeg siv khoom / FDA:

• Txawm hais tias koj kis tus kab mob, qhov kev kuaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsis zoo … Qhov no tshwm sim, piv txwv li, thaum koj ua qhov kev sim ntxov dhau lawm thiab koj lub cev tseem tsis tau tsim cov immunoglobulins txaus. Nws yog qhov ntseeg siab tshaj plaws los ua txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis pub dhau ob lub lis piam tom qab kis kab mob. Tab sis los ntawm lub sijhawm no nws poob nws lub ntsiab lus: koj lub cev tau tiv thaiv tus kab mob, lossis COVID-19 yuav pom nws tus kheej nrog cov tsos mob pom tseeb.
• Txawm hais tias koj noj qab haus huv, kev kuaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav zoo … Qee lub sij hawm kev tshuaj ntsuam tsis ua tiav thiab qhia tias immunoglobulins tsim rau lwm yam, tsis muaj kev phom sij ntawm tus kab mob coronavirus - cov uas ua rau mob khaub thuas. Qhov no txhais tau tias qhov tseeb koj tsis muaj COVID-19, tab sis raws li kev sim koj ua.

Yog tias koj xav tau kev kuaj mob kom raug, mus kuaj PCR. Kev kuaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsuas yog siv tau los ua ib qho kev pab cuam - thaum kws kho mob tsis tuaj yeem paub tias koj muaj mob li cas, thiab tab tom nrhiav qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo rau txhua qhov kev xaiv.

2. Lawv yuav tsis pab txiav txim seb koj puas tiv thaiv tus kabmob coronavirus

Txawm hais tias qhov kev sim kuaj pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov no tsis txhais tau tias koj tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm COVID-19. Cov tshuaj raws li cov pov thawj tseem tsis tau paub tias yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qib twg rau kev tiv thaiv tag nrho thiab seb immunoglobulins puas muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv SARS - CoV - 2 raws li txoj cai.

3. Kev ntsuam xyuas yuav tsis pab kom paub tseeb tias koj tau muaj COVID-19 ua ntej

Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, txhua yam yog yooj yim: yog tias koj tau mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav pom nyob rau hauv koj, yog tias koj tsis tau mob, lawv yuav tsis muaj. Tab sis nws tsis yog li ntawd.

Yog tias qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam pom tias tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, qhov no tuaj yeem qhia peb qhov xwm txheej sib txawv:

1. Koj tsis tau muaj COVID-19 tiag tiag.
2. Koj muaj COVID-19 tab sis tsis tau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no tshwm sim rau txhua feem kaum Cov Lus Qhia Ib ntus rau COVID-19 Antibody Test / CDC kis. Ntxiv mus, qhov tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau txhais hais tias koj muaj kev pheej hmoo. Lwm cov txheej txheem uas cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau paub txog tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv COVID-19, piv txwv li, kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tes Cellular tiv thaiv kab mob yog ua raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib hom lymphocytes - T-cells. …
3. Koj muaj qhov tsis zoo qhov tshwm sim. Txawm tias kev ntsuam xyuas zoo qee zaum ua tsis tau thiab tsis pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txawm tias lawv muaj.

Qhov kev xaiv twg yog koj li, tsis muaj leej twg yuav hais meej.

4. Lawv yuav tsis pab koj nkag siab yog tias koj xav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Vim hais tias, dua, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab heev tseem tsis tau lees paub txog kev tiv thaiv COVID-19. Thiab xoom tsis txhais hais tias koj tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv.

Vim li no, US Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv thiab Tswj Kab Mob (CDC) tsis pom zoo kom kuaj cov qib immunoglobulin ua ntej txhaj tshuaj. Vim nws yog pointless.

Qhov no puas txhais tau hais tias qhov kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau tus kabmob coronavirus tsis tas yuav tsum tau noj?

Thiab ntawm no muaj nuances. Rau ib tus neeg tshwj xeeb, yuav luag tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no. Tab sis rau kev tshawb fawb feem ntau, kev kuaj tshuaj tua kab mob loj yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Askiv ncaj qha piav qhia txog tus kabmob Coronavirus (COVID-19): kuaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kabmob / Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv & Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, vim li cas thiaj xav tau kev kuaj immunoglobulin. Tsuas muaj ob lo lus teb:

1. Kev ntsuam xyuas tso cai rau koj kwv yees kwv yees pes tsawg tus neeg twb muaj tus mob coronavirus lawm.
2. Pab txhawm rau taug qab kev kis tus kab mob thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws thiab hauv cov pab pawg sib txawv.

Qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tiag tiag. Ua tsaug rau nws, cov kws tshawb fawb yuav nkag siab zoo dua cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob. Kawm kom paub txheeb xyuas cov pab pawg txaus ntshai. Lawv yuav muaj peev xwm kwv yees thiab teb raws sijhawm rau kev hem thawj ntawm lwm qhov kev sib kis ntawm ib cheeb tsam.

Tab sis seb koj yuav tsum koom nrog qhov no yog nyob ntawm koj.