Terminal Commands Txhua tus yuav tsum paub

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Txawm hais tias muaj kev sib txuas ntawm graphical interfaces thiab txhua yam kev siv yooj yim xws li Magic Mouse thiab Magic Trackpad, Terminal.app daim ntawv thov tseem yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab me ntsis "geeky" cuab yeej rau kev ua haujlwm qee yam, uas peb feem ntau yog cov neeg paub zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj dab tsi nyuaj hauv "taming" nws, yog li ntawd, rau txhua tus nyeem ntawm MacRadar, kuv tau npaj cov lus txib rau Terminal uas yuav pab tau.

Yuav pib nrog, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias Terminal.app daim ntawv thov nws tus kheej, zoo li txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig, nyob hauv Cov Kev Pabcuam> Utilities directory. Tam sim ntawd tom qab tso nws, koj yuav pom ib txoj kab uas lub npe ntawm lub computer thiab cov npe tam sim no tau sau, thiab tom qab tus lej kos npe ($) - tos txais blinking cursor uas caw koj nkag mus rau koj thawj cov lus txib …

Cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov folders - ls

Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, tom qab tso tawm cov nqi hluav taws xob, tus neeg siv lub tsev nplaub tshev raug xaiv los ua cov npe ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov folders hauv nws, tsuas yog khiav ob tsab ntawv hais kom ua

ls

Muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus txib no, uas yog hu los ntawm cov yuam sij sib txawv (qhov tseeb, muaj ntau ntxiv):

• ls -l

• yuav tso saib cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog txhua yam khoom, suav nrog kev tso cai, cov ntaub ntawv loj, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, thawj tus cim ntawm txhua kab yuav tso cai rau peb los txiav txim siab hom ntaub ntawv: yog tias nws yog tsab ntawv Latin "d", ces peb muaj ib phau ntawv teev npe, thiab yog hyphen (-), ces cov ntaub ntawv tsis tu ncua.

• ls -ua

• yuav tso tawm ib daim ntawv teev tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov npe nyob rau hauv lub nplaub tshev tam sim no, suav nrog cov khoom zais (cov npe uas pib nrog lub dot hauv Mac OS X).

Nco ntsoov rau tus tswv tsev: cov yuam sij tuaj yeem yooj yim ua ke nrog ib leeg, yog li yog tias koj xav saib cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog txhua yam ntawm cov npe, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv zais, ces koj cov lus txib yuav tsum zoo li no:

ls ua

Hloov ntawm cov npe - cd

Lub npe ntawm cov lus txib no tsis yog los ntawm cov CDs qub uas Apple ua tiav nrog nws lub khw iTunes digital, tab sis los ntawm ob lo lus Askiv "hloov directory" - uas yog qhov nws ua:

• Sau

  cd Suab paj nruag

• - thiab Terminal yuav mus rau Music nplaub tshev, yog tias, tau kawg, nws muaj nyob rau hauv koj cov npe tam sim no.

• Txhawm rau tawm mus rau ib lub nplaub tshev ib qib siab dua, siv cov lus txib

  cd ua..

• (nrog ob dots).
• Thiab los ntawm kev ua tiav cov lus txib cd, koj yuav tam sim ntawd raug xa mus rau tus neeg siv lub tsev directory.

Full path to ua hauj lwm directory - pwd

Lub npe ntawm cov lus txib no kuj los ntawm thawj cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm kab lus "luam ntawv ua haujlwm". Txawm hais tias koj nyob hauv phau ntawv twg, cov lus txib no yuav ua rau tag nrho txoj hauv kev mus rau cov npe tam sim no.

Tsim directory - mkdir

Cov lus txib no tsim ib daim ntawv teev npe nrog lub npe teev. Piv txwv li,

mkdir Temp

yuav tsim ib Temp directory nyob rau hauv daim nplaub tshev tam sim no. Yog tias koj tsis nco qab daim ntawv teev npe koj tam sim no, siv

pwd

:

Tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov npe - rm, rmdir

Thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov npe los ntawm Terminal, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account me me tab sis tseem ceeb nuance: tsis muaj Recycle Bin, yog li cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug muab tshem tawm tas li.

Tab sis feem ntau pab neeg

rm test1 txt

yuav tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv test1.txt los ntawm cov npe tam sim no. Thiab yog tias koj ntxiv, hais, tus yuam sij "i" (

rm -i test2.txt

) tus neeg siv yuav raug ceeb toom kom paub meej tias tshem tawm.

Hmoov tsis zoo, rho tawm cov npe yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj dua, vim tias muaj ntau hom lus txib rau qhov kev txiav txim no:

• rmdir Test

• yuav rho tawm Test directory tsuas yog tias nws khoob thiab tsis muaj cov subfolders lossis cov ntaub ntawv hauv nws.

• rm -r Test 2

• recursively deletes tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv thiab folders hauv Test2, thiab deletes nws thaum kawg.

Tsiv thiab luam cov ntaub ntawv - mv thiab cp

Ob qhov lus txib ua haujlwm yuav luag tib yam, yog li cov npe ntawm cov tsis yog tib yam rau lawv. Yog tias kuv xav txav cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ib phau ntawv mus rau lwm qhov, kuv yuav tsum siv cov lus txib hauv qab no:

mv ~ / test1.txt ~ / Documents / test1.txt

Thawj qhov parameter (~ / test1.txt) yog cov ntaub ntawv uas peb yuav tsum tau txav mus los, thiab qhov thib ob yog qhov chaw nyob thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau txais lub npe.

Thiab dua rau tus poj niam ntawm daim ntawv. Ua ntej, raws li koj twb tau twv lawm, nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog los taug qab mus rau qhov tseeb cov npe los ua cov haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog txaus kom paub nws lub npe, tag nrho txoj kev thiab siv lawv raws li cov lus txib tsis.

Qhov thib ob, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob sau txoj hauv kev mus rau cov npe hauv tsev txhua lub sijhawm, nws txaus los siv tilde (~). Piv txwv li, qhov nkag

~ / Cov ntaub ntawv

tantamount rau

/ Cov neeg siv / username / Cov ntaub ntawv

Txhawm rau luam cov ntaub ntawv, tsuas yog hloov

mv

ntawm

cp ua

:

Lwm pab pawg

Lawm, nws tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia tag nrho cov lus txib muaj (nrog rau lawv cov yuam sij), yog li kuv yuav tsom mus rau ob peb qhov kev nthuav dav ntxiv thiab muaj txiaj ntsig "xws li":

• Koj tuaj yeem khiav txhua daim ntawv thov ntawm qhov system siv cov lus txib

  qhib

  qhia txoj hauv kev rau daim ntawv thov thiab nws lub npe sib cais los ntawm qhov chaw. Piv txwv li,

  qhib /Applications/Airfoil.app

• Siv cov lus txib

  who

• koj tuaj yeem pom cov npe ntawm cov neeg siv uas tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov system. Lawm, qhov no tsuas yog cuam tshuam yog tias txoj haujlwm ntawm lub khoos phis tawj no suav nrog kev nkag mus ntawm ntau tus neeg siv lossis siv SSH.

• txib

  miv test.txt

• yuav tso cai rau koj los tso saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hu ua test.txt hauv Terminal qhov rais, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho nws (koj yuav tsum siv cov ntawv nyeem xws li nano, vim, lossis emacs ua qhov no), tsuas yog saib nws.

• Koj tuaj yeem tso tseg cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua txhua yam hais kom ua (xws li ping lossis ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv plhaub) siv cov keyboard shortcut universal

  Tswj + C

• .

• Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev kom tshem tawm Terminal qhov rais ntawm ntau cov ntawv nyeem los ntawm kev khiav cov lus txib

  meej

• .

• Tej zaum koj yuav xav tau cov cai tswj hwm los khiav qee cov lus txib. Txoj kev nrawm tshaj plaws los ua qhov no yog los ntawm kev ntxiv cov lus txib thaum pib ntawm kab

  sudo

• … Hauv qhov no, Terminal yuav hais kom koj sau tus password rau koj tus account.

• Koj tuaj yeem saib cov npe ntawm cov txheej txheem khiav siv cov lus txib

  saum

• Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no cov ntaub ntawv yuav saib tsis tshua meej tshaj nyob rau hauv System Monitoring.

• Txhawm rau tso saib cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev hais kom ua, koj tuaj yeem siv

  txiv neej

• , qhia lub npe ntawm cov lus txib ntawm kev txaus siab sib cais los ntawm qhov chaw.

• Kuv yuav luag tsis nco qab hais txog qhov khoom siv tshawb nrhiav zoo heev

  grep ua

  uas koj tuaj yeem pom cov kab ntawv hauv cov ntaub ntawv lossis, hais tias, cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb hauv cov npe txheej txheem (piv txwv li,

  ps ax | grep smbd

• ).

Tej zaum peb yuav tsum tso tseg ntawm qhov no, thiab yog tias kuv nco ib yam dab tsi los yog qhia nws tsis raug - koj txais tos hauv cov lus.