Yuav tsum kuaj thiab txhaj tshuaj dab tsi nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm lub neej

2024 Tus sau: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:58

Peb qhia koj tias yuav ua li cas thaum muaj hnub nyoog 20, 40, 50 thiab 60 xyoo txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv hauv lub sijhawm.

Yuav ua li cas rau kev tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua

Tau txhaj tshuaj npaws ib xyoos ib zaug

Nws zoo nkaus li tias qhov no tsis yog ib qho mob hnyav, tab sis txhua xyoo hauv ntiaj teb nws ua rau muaj neeg tuag txog li 650 txhiab leej. Ntau lab ntxiv mus rau hauv tsev kho mob rau mob khaub thuas hnyav, txawm tias nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Nws yuav tsum tau ua ib xyoos ib zaug rau txhua tus neeg muaj hnub nyoog 6 hli. Ib qho kev zam yog qhov muaj qhov tsis haum rau qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog thaum twg txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws ua haujlwm li cas thiab leej twg yog contraindicated, nyeem ntawm no.

Tau kuaj kab mob STIs ib xyoos ib zaug (lossis ntau zaus)

Cov kab mob sib kis los ntawm kev sib deev (STIs) cuam tshuam ntau lab tus tib neeg txhua xyoo. Ntxiv mus, cov kab mob ntau tshaj (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV) tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim thaum ntxov.

Qhov no yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb vim tias tus tswv tsev tuaj yeem kis tus khub tsis paub txog nws. Cov kab mob uas tsis kho tau ua rau muaj teeb meem loj, nrog rau kev mob ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev thiab kev xeeb tub.

Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau mus kuaj raws sij hawm:

• Txhua tus neeg uas muaj kev sib deev - ib xyoos ib zaug rau cov kab mob STIs ntau tshaj plaws: syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea thiab HIV.
• Rau cov neeg uas nquag hloov cov neeg koom tes, muaj kev sib deev tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, lossis siv cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj, txhua 3-6 lub hlis.
• Cov poj niam thaum pib cev xeeb tub - kuaj ntxiv rau HIV, kab mob siab B thiab syphilis.

Xyuas koj cov ntshav siab ib xyoos ib zaug

Ntshav siab (hypertension) yog ib qho ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo tseem ceeb rau cov kab mob plawv. Ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv ua rau lub plawv nres thiab mob stroke, tsuas yog haus luam yeeb dhau lawm. Lub siab yog yooj yim ua raws li. Nws tuaj yeem kuaj tau hauv tsev kho mob lossis hauv tsev yog tias koj tau txais lub tonometer.

Tau ntau xyoo, qhov pib ntawm ntshav siab tau suav tias yog 140/90 thiab siab dua, tab sis xyoo 2018 American Heart Association tau hloov lub hauv paus. Tam sim no qhov siab tshaj 130/80. Thawj tus lej yog qhov taw qhia thaum lub sijhawm ntawm lub plawv contraction, qhov thib ob - thaum lub sijhawm nws so.

Yog tias koj feem ntau noj qab nyob zoo, xyuas koj cov ntshav siab ib xyoos ib zaug. Yog tias koj nyob hauv pab pawg muaj feem ntau, ces ntau zaus. Yam Tseem Ceeb: haus luam yeeb thiab haus cawv, kev ua neej nyob sedentary, hnyav dhau, kev xeeb tub.

Thaum koj pom qhov nce ntxiv, mus ntsib kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau theem pib, koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv teeb meem los ntawm kev hloov koj cov zaub mov thiab kev ua neej, nyob rau theem tom ntej koj yuav xav tau tshuaj.

Pub ntshav qab zib txhua 3 xyoos

Cov ntshav qab zib ntev ntev yog qhov qhia txog ntshav qab zib. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj: mob stroke, plawv nres, dig muag, txiav caj dab, kab mob peripheral arterial.

Ib qho ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo ua rau muaj ntshav qab zib yog hnub nyoog. Yog li ntawd, tom qab 45 xyoo, nws raug nquahu kom kuaj ntshav qab zib txhua 3 xyoos. Ua ntej kuaj, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj 8 teev.

Yog tias koj nyob hauv ib pab pawg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab, kuaj koj cov ntshav qab zib ib xyoos ib zaug, txawm tias koj muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 45 xyoo. Ntawm no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev pheej hmoo:

• Kev xeeb tub;
• Kev rog dhau thiab tsis muaj lub cev ua si;
• Ntshav siab;
• Kev nce qib roj cholesterol ntau heev;
• Gestational diabetes (thaum cev xeeb tub);
• Polycystic zes qe menyuam syndrome.

Tshawb xyuas koj cov roj (cholesterol) txhua 5 xyoos

Cov qib roj cholesterol siab tau txuas nrog cov kab mob plawv, yog li nws tseem ceeb heev kom taug qab lawv. Lub koom haum American Heart Association pom zoo kom kuaj txhua 4-6 xyoo tom qab koj muaj 20 xyoo. Xav txog koj li LDL thiab HDL (tsawg thiab siab ceev lipoprotein), tag nrho cov roj cholesterol thiab triglycerides.

Cov neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob plawv yuav tsum tau kuaj ntau zaus - txhua 1-2 xyoos. Cov laj thawj uas ua rau muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kev xeem tsis zoo yog:

• Kev haus luam yeeb;
• Mob ntshav qab zib;
• Tshaj hnyav;
• Tsis muaj kev tawm dag zog lub cev;
• Hnub nyoog: rau cov txiv neej - tshaj 45, rau cov poj niam - tshaj 55;
• Kab mob hauv lub plawv.

Tau txais ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus txhua 10 xyoo

Qhov no tsis yog tus kab mob ntau tshaj plaws, vim hais tias hauv cov teb chaws tsim kho lawv tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nws thaum yau. Cov kab mob tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm kev txiav, qhov txhab thiab khawb. Nyob rau hauv lub cev, lawv tsim thiab tsim cov co toxins uas ua rau mob nqaij ntshiv. Yog tias lawv cuam tshuam rau kev ua pa lossis kab mob plawv, kev tuag tuaj yeem ua rau.

Cov neeg laus yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa txhua 10 xyoo. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog cov neeg uas tau ntsib Guillain-Barré syndrome lossis kev tsis haum tshuaj loj rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus yav dhau los.

Yuav ua li cas tom qab 20

Tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv HPV (yog tias koj tsis tau ua li ntawd ua ntej)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) yog qhov ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. HPV kis feem ntau los ntawm kev sib deev, nrog rau kev sib cuag ntawm lub cev thiab cov khoom hauv tsev. Nws yog qhov tshwm sim uas feem ntau cov txiv neej thiab poj niam sib deev tau cog lus rau qee lub sijhawm.

Feem ntau, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob nws tus kheej tiv thaiv tus kab mob, tab sis ntau hom kab mob tuaj yeem nyob hauv lub cev thiab thaum kawg ua rau qhov chaw mos (condylomas) thiab ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav (mob qog noj ntshav, qhov ncauj, qhov quav, qhov chaw mos). Cov kab mob HPV-16 thiab HPV-18 ua rau mob qog noj ntshav, yog li kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem cawm txoj sia rau cov poj niam.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12-13 xyoos, ua ntej pib kev sib deev, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm ua tau tom qab. Qhov no feem ntau muaj tseeb rau cov poj niam, tab sis cov txiv neej kuj xav tau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm qhov chaw mos thiab txo qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm qee yam mob qog noj ntshav.

Yog hais tias koj yog ib tug poj niam, muaj ib tug oncocytology smear ua txhua txhua 3 xyoos

Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tshawb pom raws sij hawm ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv qhov chaw mos thiab lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Qhov zaus ntawm tus txheej txheem yog nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog:

• Cov poj niam hnub nyoog 21-29 xyoo raug pom zoo kom mus kuaj cytological txhua 3 xyoos. Txog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 21 xyoos, qhov no tsis tsim nyog.
• Los ntawm 30 mus rau 65 xyoo - txhua txhua 5 xyoos, coj smear thiab tshuaj xyuas HPV.
• Tom qab 65 xyoos, yuav tsum muaj smear yog tias koj muaj kev pheej hmoo siab (tsev neeg mob qog noj ntshav, yav dhau los smear zoo).

Yuav ua li cas tom qab 40

Pib kuaj mob qog noj ntshav

Nws raug nquahu kom kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua txij li 45 txog 75 xyoos. Pib nrog cov txheej txheem uas tsis yog-invasive (optional):

• Immunochemical kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov quav - txhua xyoo;
• Fecal occult ntshav kuaj - txhua xyoo;
• Fecal DNA tsom xam - txhua 3 xyoos.

Tom qab 50, mus kuaj mob hnyav dua (optional):

• Colonoscopy - txhua 10 xyoo;
• Virtual colonoscopy - ib zaug txhua 5 xyoos (tomography ntawm lub plab thiab puab tais yog ua tiav, cov txheej txheem tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim piv rau cov pa colonoscopy);
• Sigmoidoscopy yooj yim - txhua 5 xyoos.

Yog tias koj nyob hauv pab pawg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab, nws tsim nyog pib kuaj ua ntej hnub nyoog 45 xyoos. Nov yog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb:

• Tsev neeg keeb kwm ntawm kev mob plab hnyuv, kab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab;
• Polyps;
• Inflammatory plob tsis so tswj;
• Kev paub txog kev kho hluav taws xob hauv thaj chaw hauv plab thiab hauv pliaj.

Yuav ua li cas tom qab 50

Tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob shingles

Txhua tus neeg uas muaj kab mob qhua pias tuaj yeem kis tau cov pob khaus mob ntawm lub cev. Tom qab rov qab los, tus kab mob tseem tsis muaj zog rau ntau xyoo, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim nws tus kheej nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum lub cev tsis muaj zog. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev pheej hmoo yuav nce nrog lub hnub nyoog.

Thiab shingles tsis yog ib qho tsis kaj siab pob. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntev, qhov muag tsis pom kev, neuralgia, lub ntsej muag tuag tes tuag taw, thiab tsis hnov lus.

Koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm shingles los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Tam sim no muaj ob hom: Zostavax, uas tau siv tau li peb xyoos, thiab qhov zoo dua Shingrix. Kev txhaj tshuaj yog pom zoo rau txhua tus neeg muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo, tshwj tsis yog cov neeg uas muaj lub cev tsis muaj zog.

Yog hais tias koj yog ib tug poj niam, kuaj lub mis tsis tu ncua

Mob qog noj ntshav mis yog mob qog noj ntshav ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov poj niam, yog li tsis txhob saib xyuas tsis tu ncua. Tam sim no mammography tau pom zoo ua txhua 2 xyoos rau cov poj niam hnub nyoog 50 txog 75 xyoo.

Cov neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab yuav tsum pib sim ua ntej 50. Koj poob rau hauv pawg no yog tias koj muaj:

• Mob qog noj ntshav mis hauv ob tus poj niam cov txheeb ze ze tshaj 50 xyoo.
• Kev hloov caj ces uas ua rau muaj feem yuav mob qog noj ntshav mis (genes BRCA1 thiab BRCA2).

Xav txog kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav prostate yog tias koj yog txiv neej

Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas rau tus cim hu ua prostate specific antigen (PSA) hauv cov ntshav. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm mob qog noj ntshav, lub caj pas prostate tsim ib qho ntxiv ntawm nws.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nce hauv qib PSA kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm lwm cov laj thawj tsis cuam tshuam txog kev mob qog noj ntshav. Thiab cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau tsis tsim nyog kho nrog cov kev mob tshwm sim loj, suav nrog erectile kawg thiab incontinence.

Yog li ntawd, cov txiv neej hnub nyoog ntawm 55 thiab 69 yog tam sim no qhia kom tham txog qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas nrog lawv tus kws kho mob. Yog tias koj nyob hauv pab pawg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab (tsev neeg mob), nws raug nquahu kom koj mus dhau nws. Txwv tsis pub - tsuas yog yog tias tsim nyog hauv kev xav ntawm tus kws tshaj lij.

Rau cov txiv neej tshaj 70 xyoo, qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev kho mob ntau dua qhov txiaj ntsig zoo. Yog li ntawd, tom qab 70 xyoo, kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tsim nyog.

Yuav ua li cas tom qab 60

Xyuas pob txha ceev

Osteoporosis yog ib qho kev hem thawj rau kev noj qab haus huv tom qab hnub nyoog 65 xyoos. Qhov no yog qhov txo qis ntawm cov pob txha pob txha, uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm pob txha. Cov neeg laus feem ntau yuav raug kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub duav. Nws feem ntau ua rau kev poob ntawm kev ywj pheej, txo qis hauv lub neej zoo, thiab ntau zaus ua rau kev tuag.

Cov poj niam muaj kev pheej hmoo tshwj xeeb vim lawv cov pob txha me thiab nyias. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab menopause, kev tsim cov tshuaj estrogen hauv poj niam lub cev poob qis. Qhov no accelerates qhov poob ntawm pob txha ceev.

Yog li ntawd, txhua tus poj niam muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 65 xyoos raug qhia kom kuaj xyuas lawv cov pob txha pob txha nrog X-ray densitometer. Nws yog ib txoj kev tsis mob, uas tsis yog invasive.

Cov poj niam hnub nyoog qis dua 65 xyoos uas twb dhau los lawm yuav tsum xav txog kev tshawb fawb yog tias lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo. Cov yam txaus ntshai yog raws li nram no:

• Kev haus luam yeeb thiab haus cawv;
• Lub cev hnyav;
• Niam txiv mob ntawm osteoporosis.

Cov txiv neej kuj raug tus kab mob no, txawm tias tsawg dua li poj niam. Lawv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txo cov pob txha ceev yog qeeb dua thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau hnov tom qab 70 xyoo. Thaum lub hnub nyoog no, lawv yuav tsum tau mus rau densitometry. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab.

Tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws

Thaum koj laus lawm, koj lub cev tsis muaj zog, ua rau nws nyuaj rau koj lub cev los tawm tsam cov kab mob. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg laus muaj peev xwm kis tau ntau yam kab mob. Pneumonia (pneumococcal kab mob) yog ib qho txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm lawv. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yuav tsum tau muab rau txhua tus neeg muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 65 xyoos.

Nco ntsoov tias txhua qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phiv me me, xws li mob thiab o me ntsis ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj. Yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws yav dhau los ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, tham txog qhov yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tshiab nrog koj tus kws kho mob.